retroactive reading

Semiotic analysis of the ballad ‘"Havamesh Ala Daftar Al Naksa" by Qobbani based on the Reifatore's theoryBased on Rifater`s theory, poetry has an indirect function. This theory requires a different process in poetry reading. The basis of this theory is discovering the semantic network of poetry, by passing heuristic reading and reaching to retroactive reading. In the second reading, the reader investigates ungrmmatically elements and discovers the internal communication of text elements, by finding forms of accumulation and descriptive systems. the reader receives the holograms. these discussions lead to the reception and discovery of the structural network of the poetry. This study is based on a descriptive-analytical method and aims to read the "Havamesh Ala Daftar Al-Naksa" by Qobbani.The heuristic reading of this poetry expresses the frustration and sadness of the Arab lyric poet about the unhealthy situation of some Arab countries. retroactive reading shows that Hawamesh's poetry has 3 accumulations and 2 descriptive system."old and rusty elements", "despair and failure" and "the need of uprising and changing" are 3 accumulations of this poetry. The descriptive system of this poetry shows the suffering of Arab nations after defeat of Arab countries, which the poet symbolizes it in "words without work" and "Arab nations". After defining hypograms of the poetry, we reached to the Structural tissue and the origin meaning of the oetry. It is the necessity of getting up and doing something to get upKey words: Qobbani, Rifater, Havamesh ala Dafrae al Naksah, Semiotics, Heuristic& Retroactive reading

The present research is the analysis of the sonnet " Chehrey-e Aftab Penhan ast (The face of the sun is hidden)" by Hossein Monzavi based on the semiotic approach of the poem " MichaelRiffaterre ". The purpose of this research is to discover the meanings and hidden layers of this sonnet at the level of retroactive reading with the aim of answering this question: what factors create the origin of the poem in the sonnet "Chehrey-e Aftab Penhan ast (The face of the sun is hidden)" by Hossein Monzavi? According to the texture of the gazelles, it seems that this is achieved through the meaningful elements in the poem. The present research method is descriptive-analytical and based on library documents. In this research, after selecting this sonnet in accordance with Riffaterre's approach, the aforementioned poem was examined at the level of exploratory and retroactive reading.Then, focusing on retroactive reading, with the aim of discovering the origin of the poem, the selected sonnet was analyzed according to two meaning-making systems, "accumulation process" and "descriptive system".The results of the research indicate that in the "accumulation process", poetic interpretations in the vertical axis and metaphorical relationship revolve around the concept of "lack of communication" and in the "descriptive poem" the two semantic cores of "distrust" and "unsettled socio-political situation" inspire the poetic origin of the sonnet."Distrust" and "Unsettled socio-political situation" are manifested in this sonnet with images and combinations that are mentioned in this research. Finally, these descriptive processes indicate the main origin of this sonnet, which is despair.