آسیب شناسی

Consensus, as the central slogan of the fourteenth administration, has undoubtedly yielded numerous achievements. These accomplishments span critical issues in both domestic and foreign policy. Among them are internal empathy and harmony, and the ability to engage in dialogue with major powers and neighboring countries to dispel the specter of war and political or military violence. However, consensus in contemporary Iran—especially in the context of the fourteenth administration—requires critical analysis. The aim of this is to better understand the existing deficiencies in order to address them and improve the current situation. The pathology of consensus can be examined in two spheres: domestic and foreign policy.In addition to conceptual ambiguity, the main challenges to consensus in these two areas include: The risk of interpreting consensus as power-sharing with political rivals, A lack of sensitivity to fairness and justice in various dimensions, The failure to connect consensus with party politics and the institutionalization of democracy, Ambiguity regarding the boundary between transnational responsibilities & national interests, An unclear stance on alignment policy, & Vagueness in defending proxy forces. This article uses a descriptive-analytical approach, drawing on texts & interviews as its methodology.

Political selection in Iran's presidential elections is a key process in determining the geometry of power in the Islamic Republic. Even though Iran is one of the countries with a long history in establishing the institution of elections, still, the process of electoral political selection has not reached the desired state and has faced many ups and downs. The fluctuating and sometimes unpredictable situation in the presentation of the list of approved candidates is one of the results of this situation, and as a result, there have been protests and dissatisfaction in the society and among the political activists. These damages make the necessity of conducting research in order to know their roots very serious.

This article using the descriptive-analytic and retrospective analysis methods and based on the content analysis of the first-hand texts of political rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran and case and field studies of the process of political selection in the Islamic Republic of Iran, has dealt with the pathology of the process of political selection in the presidential elections of Iran.

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the Assembly of Constitutional Law Experts started drafting the Constitution from August 19, 1979 to November 15 of the same year. In the framework of this law and based on the promise that the new political system is a republic, for the first time in the history of Iran, the post of president was defined in this law. The conditions of the president, the qualification review body and the election monitoring body are the most important coordinates in determining the political selection process in Iran's presidential elections, all of which are specified in the constitution.The findings show that the political selection process in Iran's presidential elections is damaged from two sources: 1- the content of legal texts, such as the quality of the laws, 2- executive and practical processes include lack of a legal basis for the role of parties in political selection, lack of a legal mechanism to require the selection body to state the documentation and reasoning bases of the examination of the qualifications, lack of a legal mechanism to hear candidates' explanations, lack of transparency in mechanisms, the possibility of applying taste in the preparation of queries, no legal prohibition of members of the Guardian Council to express biased political opinions, the silence of the law regarding conflict of interest situations and finally, establishing some effective approvals in reviewing qualifications without public announcement.

 It seems that the best and most accessible solution to solve the aforementioned damages is to try to quantify and objectify the criteria. Policy recommendations include exemplary description of quality conditions, use of legal fiction, using a quorum to collect signatures from citizens as an aid in verifying qualifications, using a quorum to collect signatures from current and former officials of the system as an aid in verifying qualifications, creating an optional pre-registration system for candidates, determination of possible conflicts of interest, paying more attention to the issue of training executive agents in the qualification review mechanism, clarifying the qualification review mechanism, recognition of the role of parties to have their desired candidate in the elections within the framework of the constitution, adherence to the principle of Estes'hab, requiring the selection body to provide documentation and reasoning for unapproved candidates, determining the mechanism for hearing the explanations of unapproved candidates, official and public announcement of any legal resolution affecting qualifications, creating a legal prohibition for the activity and biased political opinion of members of the Guardian Council, legal prohibition of membership of persons with party and factional background in the Guardian Council, and finally using the capacity of the intra-party competition mechanism to select candidates.

he present study aims to analyze the shortcomings of compulsory military service from the perspective of human resource functions and to propose corrective strategies. The statistical population of this research includes experts and professional staff in charge of conscription affairs (selected through non-random sampling) and conscripted personnel (selected through stratified random sampling). This descriptive-applied research was conducted using a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative).In the first phase, through content analysis, the ideal model of military service focusing on human resource functions was identified across five domains: recruitment and induction, training and development, retention, utilization, and discharge. These were categorized into 30 main components and 74 sub-components. Subsequently, a questionnaire derived from the research model was validated by experts and distributed among the statistical sample to assess the current status and identify deficiencies.Analysis of the collected questionnaires, complemented by David's strategic model approach, revealed weaknesses in all human resource functional areas and threats in external factors. Based on these weaknesses and threats, corrective strategies were revised in expert panels, resulting in five major strategies. These strategies were ranked using a quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) completed by experts.The findings indicated that the "utilization" strategy was ranked as the top priority, followed by "training and development" in second place, "discharge" in third place, "retention" in fourth place, and "recruitment and induction" in fifth place.

Considering the tremendous and accelerated changes in the field of communication technologies and the consequent change in the methods, tools and methods of communication between people on the one hand, as well as the continuous onslaught of the western media stream and their ceaseless efforts to create a distorted image of the nature and also The goals of the internal and external policy of the Islamic system, this research seeks to provide a way of thinking through which the possibility of reorganizing the official media of the Islamic Republic - with the aim of improving the level of the effectiveness of its media and propaganda action - will be provided. For this purpose, the researcher tries to answer the question of how to overcome the challenges facing the media action of the official media of the Islamic Republic of Iran by using the method of thematic analysis and its application to expert interviews. Naturally, providing an answer to this question requires knowing the weak points, drawing the situation of an ideal media action and providing operational solutions for this purpose. The elite community consists of 8 professors in the field of communication, who were selected with the logic of theoretical saturation. The upcoming research includes 20 themes in the dimension of recognizing the problematic aspect of the challenge in official media action, 79 themes in the formation of the challenge situation, 14 themes in the drawing of the ideal situation and 47 operational solutions to improve the quality level of official media action in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

In the era of globalization, there has been a tremendous transformation in both the sources of threats and the types of threats and the tools used. Threats in the era of globalization are not state-oriented and the focus on military threats has become less. Since the beginning of the Islamic Revolution, Iran has been involved in the harsh aspects of threats such as imposed war and terror but with the emergence of new aspects of these threats such as genetically modified crops, the country's security has undergone many threats and transformations. This research tried to answer the question that what are the harms of policies related to new biological threats against Iran? Therefore, this research was looking for the pathology of G.A.'s policies against new biological threats, focusing on transgenic products. Based on the research findings; Policies in this area have been made in the form of codified laws or under the country's development plans, but the lack of comprehensive policies or the weakness of the current policies, as well as their lack of diagnosis, have caused disagreements or gaps in this field, so the current laws need to be updated. In addition to that, in some areas, the existing deficiencies must be compensated with new legislations. The results of the research have divided the existing harms in the country's policy into four categories of functional, structural, contextual and communication factors. In this research, the qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the data.

Several decades have passed since the collapse of the Soviet Union, and relations with the countries separated from the former Soviet Union were placed on the agenda of Iran's foreign policy apparatus from the day after the collapse. Iran made several efforts to expand strategic relations with independent political units; Efforts, most of which are defined in the form of official diplomacy. This is while the multifaceted nature of diplomatic relations has caused changes in the levels of diplomacy and political relations. From a paradiplomatic point of view, small and sub-national identities independent of central governments can play a role in the international arena. Based on this assumption, the question of this article is: "What are the strengths and weaknesses of diplomatic relations between Iran and Turkmenistan, and how does paradiplomacy help to improve and promote these relations?" In response to this research, this hypothesis is proposed that "the major damage to diplomatic relations between Tehran and Ashgabat is the exclusive focus on official diplomacy between the two countries and the neglect of new aspects in diplomatic relations, including para-diplomacy, which can be the weak points of official relations in political axes. reduce economic, cultural and social issues and improve relations between the two countries by focusing on various tools in various fields of diplomacy." Since this research is made to compare two units, the method of using it is comparative.--

According to many Iranian analysts, this country was caught in the abuse of this situation by the Chinese side in its relations with China during the sanctions period. The Chinese also believe that they have stood by the sanctions and their friendship with Iran as much as possible and have paid a lot of costs in front of the international environment and the West. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China, while having very favorable capacities in relation to each other's needs, also have challenges in the political, economic, and cultural fields, and these challenges are the subject of our analysis in this article. . In this research, we have examined the challenges of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China in the form of a geopolitical theoretical framework, with the approach of cultural geopolitical effects on the foreign policy of the two countries, and with the method of applied research and qualitative analysis, and we have drawn conclusions. We believe that it is necessary for the Islamic Republic of Iran to pay more attention to cultural and civilizational patterns in its diplomacy towards China, as well as through dialogue, holding joint think-tank meetings, strengthening scientific diplomacy and extensive elite relations between thinkers and politicians. And the professors of the two countries will make the mentality of both sides closer and more understandable so that the challenges reviewed in this article will be solved and the relations between the two countries will be smooth and deeper.

The efficiency of a government depends, more than anything else, on its agents. This article identifies the inefficiency of the government agents as one of the most significant obstacles to the realization of an ideal government in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Agents are the driving force behind all state affairs, including legislation, execution, management, adjudication, and oversight. Thus, the caliber of their thought and performance directly influences the efficiency -or inefficiency- of the political system. Using a "descriptive-analytical" approach, this study first examines the current state of "agents" in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings indicate that the most critical issues among both elected and appointed agents include a lack of necessary managerial expertise and skills, the absence of a merit-based appointment mechanism, the weak political culture among voters, deficiencies in election laws, and the ineffectiveness of party mechanisms. On the other hand, the characteristics of agents aligned with the ideals of the Islamic Revolution serve as an operational model for achieving an Islamic government, reflecting the desired state of agents in the Islamic Republic. Therefore, alongside moral and ideational integrity, the ideal agent can be described in two dimensions. First, an agent of the Islamic government should possess general managerial competence over an organization and its human resources, as well as the specific skills required for the managerial position they hold. Second, they should embody a culture of hard work, high-quality performance, and a spirit of perseverance. Additionally, the role of political parties is crucial in the success and appointment of agents in the Islamic Republic. Thus, the main and secondary questions of this study are: "What are the most significant issues facing the agents of the Islamic government in Iran?" and "What are the strategies for transitioning from the current state to the desired state of agents?"

The purpose of this article is to analyze the macro-policies regarding women heads of the household. The article seeks to answer the question, what is the pathology of post-revolutionary policies related to women heads of households? The hypothesis of the article says that policy-making in this area is based on social justice, women's empowerment and positive discrimination, however, in areas such as lack of attention to cultural policy-making, the lack of a single definition and the absence of an all-round approach and parallel institutional work, there is a disadvantage. is. The results of the research show that during the last half century, policies have been clear and explicit in order to provide effective support, especially in the economic field, however, they can be identified in five dimensions and it seems It turns out that they have played a role as an important component in slowing down the process of empowerment or the implementation of social justice. Lack of a single definition of female heads of household, lack of comprehensive or late approach to the issue of empowering female heads of household, emphasis on economic policies and little attention to cultural policies; The multiplicity and repetition of laws and the creation of parallel institutions; Non-implementation or delay in the implementation of approved laws and regulations are known in this pathology. It seems that in order to improve the empowerment of female heads of households and more effectively implement justice in relation to them, it is necessary to correct or revise some of the policies. This article is compiled by descriptive-analytical method.

no society is independent of the pathology. Special conditions of Iranian society in terms of density and diversity of social problems on the one hand and the need to the political institution for problem-oriented research with the aim of increasing efficiency, on the other hand, necessitate such a thing. Identifying the focal problems and measuring their relationship with each other is the main goal of this research; for this purpose, the network analysis method was used using cross-impact analysis techniques and multi-criteria cluster technique. The tool used for data analysis is Gephi software. The sources of identification of social problems in the present study are 650 academic and organizational research documents prepared on the topic. Identification, clarification and classification of problems have been done by the focus group. The results of the research show that disorders related to governance, injustices, poverty, various types of extremism and educational problems are the most important influencing variables and on the opposite point; The dimming of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, the loss of social capital, the disruption of social cohesion and the weakening of the family institution are the most effective variables in the network of social problems.

The purpose of this article is to study the comparative thought of Ayatollah Khamenei as a political jurist and Islamic ruler and Seyyed Hossein Nasr as a traditionalist Islamic philosopher. It is in the field of pathology of Islamic civilization. The hypothesis claims; In the thought of both thinkers; There is a high level of consensus based on a critical reading of the conceptual components of civilization, with an emphasis on the damage existing in the internal factors of Islamic civilization. For this purpose, the research theory of Thomas Spriggans and the qualitative research method using the comparative descriptive approach have been used and the material has been collected using library sources. The findings indicate; The two main factors, internal and external, are the main axis of damage to the realization of Islamic civilization, and in the civilizational perspective of both thinkers; Paying attention to the various aspects of religion, returning to the Sunnah, referring to the Qur'an and the way of the innocents, and opposing secularism have played a decisive role, and in the category of pathology, external factors involved in Islamic civilization; There are harmful factors such as religious and political differences of Muslims, promotion of secularism and Western lifestyle.

We employed the top-down policy implementation model of  Horn and Meter, from policymaking to the implementation stage we need to consider six components including standards and objectives, resources, inter-organizational communication and enforcement activities, characteristics of implementing agencies, economic, social and political conditions and the disposition of implementers.  In this research, we used a directed qualitative content analysis method based on semi-structured interviews with  elites in the field of anti-narcotics policy implementation. Then, we compared the results with the model of our research. According to the results of our study, 13 deviances are identified as follows: executors not prioritising anti-narcotic actions, confliction and multiplicity of policy objectives, lack of an index for success evaluation, the disproportion between objectives and standards, resources mismanagement, Structural inconsistencies in the implementation stage, Systematic disregard for science and practice, Institutional and social turmoil, Polyphony and lack of strong organizational authority, implementers disbelief, lack of monitoring and accountability, insistence on quick-response measures and inability in prioritisation.

Sacred defense is an important and decisive part of the contemporary history of the country, and in order to make the best use of its achievements, we need a thorough, scientific and accurate research on sacred defense. In this regard, the present research sought to identify and rank the research solutions in the field of sacred defense in order to deal with the research harms of this field and present it to the trustee organizations for policy making in this field. This article was based on the purpose of applied research, based on the research approach, combined (qualitative-quantitative) and based on the descriptive-analytical research method. Data collection was done by the method of library and field studies (interview and questionnaire). The statistical population in the qualitative section was holy defense experts who were selected purposefully and judiciously. The interview continued until the 15th person and stopped with the theoretical saturation of the data and repetition of the previous cases. The statistical population in the quantitative section included 20 experts in this field who rated the solutions. The findings of the research showed that there are 20 effective research solutions to deal with research damage in the field of sacred defense. These solutions were analyzed through Friedman's test and average ranking.

One of the events that caused tremendous changes in the region and the world and became the source of many changes in approaches and views in the field of religious and political issues, especially in the Islamic world, was the phenomenon of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. According to the nature and goals of this political movement, many obstacles inside and outside the country tried to damage and weaken its structural components, which so far, despite all measures, did not harm the goals of the revolution. After more than four decades of Nizam's life, the leader of the Islamic Republic made a statement under the title of the second step. Considering the Shari'a and legal status, as well as their complete understanding of how and why changes were made during this period, therefore, analyzing the goals of this statement is of great importance. Dealing with this issue, which has multiple and multifaceted dimensions, is considered a very important task. Therefore, in this article, an attempt has been made to examine one of the dimensions in the form of the pathology of the developments of the first four decades (the first step) to discuss the necessity of publishing this statement. The research method used in the upcoming article is content and document analysis. Finally, the findings show that during the forty-year period of the Islamic Revolution, according to the analysis of the trends, major challenges can be achieved at three domestic, regional and international levels. Therefore, in order to achieve the real goals of this important revolutionary document, it is very important to know and understand its historical roots.

One of the important issues of the electoral system is recognizing its related harms. The purpose of this study is to identify the harms of the Iranian electoral system and provide effective solutions to eliminate these harms. For this purpose, the leading research seeks to answer the question, what are the harms of the electoral system of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the solutions to solve it? To answer this question, the Delphi method was used and researchers, the views of 15 experts , In the field of elections were collected in three stages and in the form of a questionnaire. The views of experts were analyzed and the findings showed that the most important harms of the Iranian electoral system are the weakness and inadequacy of the election laws; The lack of a party-centered system in the elections and the lack of effective oversight of candidates' campaign expenses. Also, taking into account the conditions and characteristics of Iran, a serious review or re-drafting of the election law in full; Strengthening the party-centered system in the elections and efficient monitoring of the ceiling and the amount of candidates' propaganda expenses have been among the most important solutions proposed by experts to eliminate the harms of the Iranian elections.

The model has an investigator based on the separation of the prosecution stages from the investigation. The investigator and the prosecutor are jointly responsible for conducting the preliminary investigation stage. The decision on the adequacy or inadequacy of the evidence against the accused is closely related to the concept of impartiality with the concept of impartiality. The prosecutor has been the representative of the government in conducting preliminary investigations. Prosecutors, as investigators, do not have the ability to make impartial judgments about the most important rights of individuals.The model has an investigator based on the separation of the prosecution stages from the investigation. The investigator and the prosecutor are jointly responsible for conducting the preliminary investigation stage. The decision on the adequacy or inadequacy of the evidence against the accused is closely related to the concept of impartiality with the concept of impartiality. The prosecutor has been the representative of the government in conducting preliminary investigations. Prosecutors, as investigators, do not have the ability to make impartial judgments about the most important rights of individuals.

We know that the issue is the most important structural component of policy-making and management in any field. According to Popper, for any scientific search, one must have a specific problem and find out what we are looking for. Since the main question of our research was: "What are the most important harms of the environmental policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on sustainable development (with emphasis on water crisis management)?" We have tried to test the four main components of the main hypothesis based on the design of policy theories, especially in the framework of group policy theory, and among the various theories proposed on sustainable development, the UN 27th Declaration in Rio de Janeiro, which is entitled "Charter" Earth »is famous, we chose. Thus, inconsistency and incoherence in environmental regulation and disregard for the scientific-experimental approach and expert opinions in structures and laws, as well as the lack of a systemic approach in environmental policy and water crisis management in the Islamic Republic of Iran as the most important harms and Based on previous research and studies, we found that the solution is to adopt a group policy model and theory, which unfortunately over the years has more or less ignored sustainable development and in addition to fueling environmental, political, social and economic crises, " We have turned water scarcity into a "water crisis." The method of analyzing our information in this dissertation was descriptive-analytical.

revolutionary developments in Egypt that led to the overthrow of the “Mubarak government” and the establishment of the “Muslim Brotherhood” was so fascinating that many political analysts referred to it as the beginning of the transformation of the Islamic world. However, the emergence of a social or quasi-social wave known as the "Rebellion Movement" led to an internal crisis in this popular uprising. With the emergence of this wave and the mentioned internal challenge, the army entered the scene supporting the will of its people at first but at the end the world powers, led by the United States, were able to Seize and mislead the "Islamic Awakening" movement in this country in line with their colonial goal. The purpose of this article is pathologizing the “Islamic Awakening” movement in Egypt employing a mixed method (case study) in the time domain of this uprising and with an exploratory-explanatory approach through the use of descriptive and inferential statistics (factor analysis) using a statistical population of forty people. This article tries to answer this question: What were the most important factors that caused deviation and harm and social frustration in the process of the Islamic Awakening in Egypt? Based on the findings of this study, the most important detrimental factors to the process of “Islamic awakening” in Egypt were related to the military and security area, ideology, political, economic, regional and social and cultural level and trans-regional level, respectively.

AbstractAbstinence, whether supportive or suspicious, is the inability to seize one's rights. The Holy Shari'a, in order to protect the absentees, has established the principle of coercive guardianship over the property. It limits the authority, it is the personal interest of the one who is deprived and needs the province. Therefore, coercion does not have the right to do something that is against the interest or involves harm to the detainee.Using a descriptive and analytical method, this article deals with the pathology of the jurisdiction of the guardian from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence and Iranian law.If it turns out that the non-use of the right of pre-emption is the result of the fault of the guardian, guardian and custodian and their negligence in managing the financial assets or colluding with the buyer in wasting the dispossessed right and also in case the guardian fails to exercise special interest or necessity To prove himself, of course, his debauchery does not have the power to abolish the right of pre-emption.

According to the recent Kermanshah earthquake that occurred in 2016, and even now, many Kermanshah residents and officials are involved with its issues and problems, and as seen in the media and social networks, there are many problems that have yet to be resolved. No action has been taken to fix it, it seems necessary to have a research to clearly examine and show these issues and problems, so that the fastest and best solution can be considered in order to achieve this goal. Actions taken in the field of helping earthquake victims by official institutions and people should be evaluated in order to formulate appropriate policies. The correct methods of natural crisis management can be very effective in preventing the occurrence of environmental accidents, so the availability of appropriate implementation plans in the event of a crisis, on the one hand, strengthens the foundation of society in all fields, and on the other hand, the amount of financial losses and casualties. It greatly reduces human and social, economic and environmental disintegration.