اطلاعات

Examining the challenges and opportunities of Iran's Law on Dissemination of and Free Access to Information is the subject of this research. Exploring in expert's opinions in the fields of communication and law the nature and form of the Law on Dissemination of and Free Access to Information was study. This research is grounded theory in essence and interviews were used to identify the opportunities and challenges facing the implementation of Law on Dissemination of and Free Access to Information in Iran. The statistical population of the research includes the experts and professors of the filed law. Analyzing interviews identified four axes: vagueness of the law exceptions, lack of law-enforcement guarantee, ambiguity in the concept of access to information, and the challenge of parallel laws. Therefore, the pathology of the behavior of government officials, citizens and the media professionals; changes in the performance of public officials; Cultivation and education on free access to information and achieving transparent documentation standards. Looking at these four challenges, it seems that the taking lessons from experiences of leading countries in this laws and a detailed review of the law in terms of challenges can provide appropriate solutions. It is possible that this law open windows toward the culture of transparency and supervision. Also reviewing this law should not turn into the formulation of principles for dismantling the law.

Command and control includes activities such as collecting and analyzing information, making decisions, organizing resources, planning, communicating instructions, coordinating and monitoring results and implementing them. The main goal of this research is to present the dimensions, components and indicators of the desired pattern of command and control of the armed forces. This article is applied and implemented in a descriptive-explanatory way, the information and data tools are library and field, the sample size is 35 people. According to the findings of the research, the optimal model of command and control Aja has 3 dimensions, 16 components and 89 indicators. According to the research results, the main dimensions are: information, operations and combat systems. The information dimension includes 5 components: a- collection and identification with 6 indicators, b- processing with 5 indicators, c- production with 6 indicators, d- dissemination with 4 indicators, d- evaluation and care with 4 indicators. The operation dimension includes 4 components: a- planning with 4 indicators, b- organization with 5 indicators, c- guidance and control with 6 indicators, d- implementation with 5 indicators. The dimension of combat systems includes 7 components: A- Artillery and missiles with 7 indicators, B- Air defense with 5 indicators, P- Air/Ground with 5 indicators, D- Combat engineering with 8 indicators, D- Combat service support with 8 indicators, c- communication with 4 indicators, c- forest and cyber with 7 indicators.

The upcoming article intends to examine the impact of history on that institution in accordance with the cognitive role of intelligence organizations. In the history of the evolution of human societies, information and awareness capacities are hidden, which can have a wide impact on advancing the tasks of intelligence institutions. These two are connected with each other from different aspects. Therefore, the question of the article is focused on the explanation of the impact of history on information institutions and it has been investigated with analytical and descriptive methods.The findings of the article indicate that due to the developments of the new era, the capacity of information institutions. To the extent of facilitating, providing and realizing the cognitive role, the ability and sustainable role-making of the aforementioned devices is achieved. History; The living past, with its abundance of information and experiences, is one of the most important factors in providing the cognitive role of information institutions. Therefore, history should be regarded as the superior source of information. Paying attention to it is one of the most important factors that provides the ground for achieving information excellence and all-round aristocracy. Acquiring historical information and knowing the past helps intelligence forces and institutions not act in a vacuum in the process of policy making and decision making. Therefore, the methodical reference to the past and the conscious use of history provides valuable achievements and approaches for the above-mentioned devices, which, if inserted, cannot be compensated for by any other factor.

Intelligence organizations, with their expertise and experience in clandestine and covert actions, are a crucial channel for establishing secret diplomacy between countries. This helps guide and reassure politicians and diplomats. The goal of secret diplomacy is to assess the true intentions of other countries and create a conducive environment for establishing official diplomatic relations and future cooperation. Understanding the real intentions of the other parties, particularly their reliability, is a key application of secret diplomacy. This links intelligence and diplomacy together, based on the necessity of measuring reliability, without the intelligence agency monopolizing this task. However, the primary research question is: what is the relationship between intelligence and diplomacy, and how and when does secret diplomacy promote cooperation and trust between competitors? The hypothesis is that intelligence and diplomacy have a two-way and mutual relationship and intelligence-security organizations play a role in interacting with the diplomatic apparatus through secret diplomacy to discover the real intentions of the negotiating party/parties. The results indicate that the continuation of secret cooperation depends on the long-term interests of cooperation outweighing the benefits of intelligence disclosure. The research method is descriptive-explanatory in nature and employs a qualitative methodology based on the type of data. Data collection techniques include library research, internet research, objective observations, and field studies.

intelligence measures are the most important task of the intelligence organization, which is done to ensure the security of the country, the government and the population. This action requires a specific definition for the implementation of the intelligence mission, according to the type of governance and policy that governs it. The purpose of this article is to analyze the statement of the second step to achieve the desired Intelligence action in the framework of Islamic government. Therefore, it has a substantial difference with what is defined in the West and the East as an intelligence action.

this research is fundamental in terms of type and it is practical in terms of the type of subject. The method of collecting text-based content analysis and statistical population is the statement of the second step in the field of study of this article. Considering that the researcher is trying to answer this question according to the statement of the second step, it is exploratory and based on the statement of the second step.

The research results showed; that the desired indicators in Intelligence action based on the statement of the second step are based on the two components of information management and Intelligence management, the most important indicators in information management are value belief, organization management and Intelligence vigilance and in Intelligence management, Intelligence action, Intelligence observation and sense of security with The enemy is in the intelligence organizations of Islamic Republic of Iran.

Computational social science is an emerging interdisciplinary approach to the study of social systems. Here we examine why testing the behavior of individuals and groups in social systems from an algorithmic point of view provides new and surprising analytical opportunities for the intelligence society and for the improvement of intelligence analysis methods. By using artificial communities, which are generally called factor-based models, intelligence analysts can improve their intelligence evaluations through the benefits of scientific principles of computer computing. The findings of the research show that factor-based modeling has been significantly used in the security- intelligence literature in such a way that the modeling of socialunrest, crisis, intelligence deception, and war are getting richer day by day

The task of an intelligence agency is to monitor the ideas and behaviors of groups that are in conflict with the established system and are trying to overthrow the existing system. Monitoring opponents of the political system is not the sole task of an intelligence agency; Rather, it is the task of an intelligence agency to fight subversive opposition groups. Information institutions are an important part of a political system. The fundamental theory of the establishment of the state and the political-legal system determines the policy of the intelligence agencies. When two words are mixed, the breadth of a compound double word is lost and they are limited and conditioned by each other, and the word that is combined with the other word loses its semantic / functional independence. In this article, the political theory of the Intelligence and Security Organization of Iran is considered a lexical fusion due to the dual structure of government (republic and Islamic). Whenever a theory is chosen from among the various political theories that underlie the theoretical basis of government and is the basis for the actions of government and its institutional subdivisions (including intelligence agencies), the government and the intelligence agency are limited to theoretical underpinnings. Using Bernard Crick's model, the author tries to show how a change in the fundamental political theory of a state can led to a change in the character and actions of a country's intelligence organization.

The present article has been compiled with the aim of identifying effective Intelligence and Security factors as one of the dimensions of government organizations' interaction in security crisis management and tries to identify Intelligence and Security components and indicators in this type of interaction using the theories of experts and scientists. This research is applied in terms of purpose and mixed in terms of method. The statistical population of this research is academic experts, experts, commanders and managers in the field of security, Police who have scientific and practical backgrounds. In the qualitative section, data were collected and analyzed through thematic analysis through interviews with 38 people. In the quantitative section, 46 people with a researcher-made questionnaire whose CVI, CVR and combined reliability were confirmed. Data were collected and analyzed in a three-level factor validation model in Smart PLS software. After thematic analysis of the transcripts of the interviews, 4 indicators were calculated for each of the components of the Supreme National Security Council, national security, security of the province and the city. In the analysis of quantitative data showed that the most important indicators in the components are: Use facilities to deal with threats, dealing with threats, anomalies and problems, Members' interaction with council decisions and Consult the council with elites and scientists. So Intelligence and Security components with counted indicators are effective on Security Crisis Management Interaction.

The strategies, intelligence and military tactics of each of the parties involved in the war play a significant role in defeating the other. For this reason, in order to mess up the enemy's intelligence calculation, the parties resort to intelligence deception, which is one of the important principles in wars; this means that by providing false intelligence from the insider army, the enemy's intelligence calculations will be messed up. In jurisprudence texts, this issue is mentioned as "deceit". The purpose of this research is to examine the verdict of intelligence deception from the perspective of intelligence jurisprudence.

The current research is based on the applied nature and is based on the "descriptive-analytical" method and the library method is used.

Referring to the holy Islamic law, especially the Shiite jurisprudence, in addition to legitimizing military operations, it can promise progress in military issues, soft power, providing psychological operations and intelligence deception. Deception of intelligence has been seen in the narrative and historical evidence of religious leaders and the sayings of many great jurists; Therefore, according to the support of jurisprudential evidence such as verses of the Qur'an, numerous hadiths, consensus, common sense and the way of thinking; Not only can the operation of intelligence deception be permitted; Rather, in some cases, it is possible to be willing to deceive intelligence

Security is the most basic conscious action of the human mind, the most basic need of society and the guarantor of the sufficiency and survival of the system. The Islamic Revolution of Iran, while adopting a realistic approach to security, has deep epistemological foundations in theory and a revolutionary and unique pragmatic action in the approach, which is demonstrated in the thoughts of the pioneers of the Revolution. As regards that some research for realization of these thoughts have methodological, posterior defects and based on superficial content analysis and sometimes have no theoretical basis.This present study is a systematic attempt to extract the fundamental variables in the security-intelligence ideas of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution through an integrated methodological innovation that after quantitative validation through heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis in structural equation modeling discovered the nature of these variables based on the effect matrix analysis. The results of the research showed that there are 17 fundamental variables with acceptable Load factor in four components of "ethical", "content and value", "operational and executive" and "evaluation and feedback" in their thinking that are in terms of nature, it categorized in influential variables (fundamental, environmental), two-dimensional variables (risk, goal), dependent variables, independent variables (exception, secondary leverage), strategic variables and regulatory variables. Common world security theories are unique. The results of this research provide an accredited, reliable and valid model for system strategists.

The inclusion of information analysis in the agenda of academic research has paved the way for research in the information society as well as information discourses to the extent that the role of other academic sciences in the information society has become more prominent and one of these Science is the cognitive bias of analysts.Because the dimension of analyst bias in the information society has caused information analysis to take on a new face every day and play an important role in the information sphere. The lack of a codified study on identifying the factors affecting cognitive bias in information analysts has caused most analysts to make mistakes in presenting an analysis appropriate to the existing reality because the mental dimensions of the analyst in his perception of existing events cause that in this Types of analyzes sometimes ignore the existing dimensions. Therefore, the dimension of cognitive bias in order to identify the factors that affect the mind of the information analyst as the purpose of this study in the form of factors affecting cognitive biases in information analysts. (With the approach of personality factors) was examined.

This research is "applied" in terms of nature and purpose. This research, which is purposefully distributed by experts and experts in the field of information analysis and review.Findings and

The results of this study showed that indicators such as: pessimistic error; Biased approach to issues; And the spirit of judgment and quick conclusions can have a negative effect on information analysis

Today, information technology is recognized as the main resources and assets of organizations, thuse the basis for the effective transfer, transfer and use of information in countries, so it is of particular importance and affects the security of countries. In this research, using the data method of the foundation and the process of network analysis, dimensions, components and indicators of information and communication technology in the field of I.R.I security identified and explained. The data were collected from both library and field methods (interviews with experts, distribution of questionnaires and expert meetings). Then, the information was screened and categorized and analyzed using super-decision maker software and SPSS. The results of research were distributed among the elites in the form of a questionnaire for reconfirmation and the results confirmed. This research is an applied-developmental and descriptive-analytical method with a combined approach. It has been a tool for data collection, filing, interviewing and distribution of questionnaires. The statistical population was purposefully determined and a questionnaire was distributed among them. Quantitative data analysis was performed using descriptive statistical methods and seven dimensions (intelligence measures, socio-political measures, capacity building, national and international coordination, executive structures and implementation, technical measures and laws and regulations) were counted. Each component includes (5-component intelligence measures, 5-component socio-political measures, 5-component capacity building, 4-component national and international coordination, 4-component executive and implementation structures, 6-component technical measures and 3-component laws and regulations) Each component was selected two indicators (7 dimensions, 32 components and 68 indicators).

One of the most important fields of political science in which emotions, roles and functions play a significant role is the field of "political leadership".With this interpretation, the present article, seeks to find out what is the relationship between emotions and political leadership? Resultes showed that both political leaders and followers, provide emotional inferences and reactions from the emotions expressed "as social information" and express appropriate behavior to those emotions. In this regard, political leaders in the face of crises, by recognizing the different dimensions of society and thefeelings of the followers, they try to control and manage the emotions, cognitive liberation, accumulation of exciting energies and finally mobilization of the followers, pursuing goals, securing national interests and finally overcoming crises.

information aristocracy is considered as a fundamental and basic need for sustainable security

this research is applied in terms of purpose, practical and in terms of nature, descriptive - analytic which was conducted in survey method. the study population consisted of تهرانی families of 100 people, selected based on the method of class and using the cochran formula. the data were collected based on a questionnaire and a five - point Likert scale questionnaire whose validity was done in the formal way and its reliability was obtained by cronbach's alpha coefficient 96. the research data were analyzed using friedman test using spss software. the

the research indicates that in external environment, opportunities and threats are equal priority and strengths are almost double the weaknesses in the internal environment, according to experts in this study, the elements of public culture are more valuable than other elements of virtual space and aristocracy.

the results of this study show that public culture, increasing the interaction of people and intelligence organizations, training and training of expert and empowering forces, cooperation with police, modern equipment, science and knowledge of computer science has been influenced by cyber - detectives on intelligence lords in cyberspace and family security.

Today, freedom and the right of access to information are among the rights that contribute to the realization of the concept of citizenship, which is one of the main issues in the discourse of participatory democracy. In fact, the greater the quantity and quality of information available to citizens, the more pervasive democracy and participation will be. Recognition of this right, therefore, not only changes the structure of governments but also changes the traditional role of governments, meaning that in the light of the implementation of freedom of information and access rights laws, unlike in the past when they owned information, Citizens' access to documents and information in government offices,organizations and institutions is a right that exists for citizens. But is this right considered by government institutions or not? Or what will be the effect of citizens' access or non-access to administrative documents and information on the efficiency of the administrative system? It is a question that arises. The studies were conducted in the form of a library and the collected materials were analyzed,and finally it was determined that the efficiency of the country's administrative system in which access to information is due to lack of transparency and full accountability

In a positive discourse, internal security is a situation in which the political system is able to establish maximum satisfaction among its citizens. One of the dimensions of citizens' satisfaction is to have peace of mind in economic matters. Establishing internal security in the economic field in crises and shocks resulting from internal and external conditions requires correct and efficient decisions of senior managers; making the right decisions also requires transparency and access to accurate, true, comprehensive and up-to-date information and statistics from the economic field, which can only be achieved with the formation of an economic intelligence system in the country. Economic transparency, using the tools of the economic intelligence system, has significant functions that are vital and inevitable for the internal security of the country. The purpose of this article is to explore the theory of economic transparency and the creation of economic intelligence system and its impact on economic security in the country.

One of the most important tasks and misions of I.R of Iran,s army strategic intelligence system is preparing and providing of strategic intelligence for decision making and planning at high levels of IR.Iran army. This important task is accomplished by designing and Implementating an integrated strategic intelligence system of different sectors and processes and use of various factors, intelligence equipment and tools that Implementation of such system requires different requirments and factors. The main aim of this research is study of The I.R of Iran,s army strategic intelligence system Implementation requirments. The Kind of survey is practical-develoment, method of research is descriptive-analytical and gathering information method with use of library method and fishing (taking notees) tool, and field method with use of interview and questionnaire tools. Due to the specialization of subject, statistical community were estimated among 60 intelligence experts that have an experience in strategic position and brigadier position and above. In order to analyze the data, at first the effective factors on I.R of Iran,s army strategic intelligence system performance were determined by fishing from library studies and interviews with intelligence experts, and again effective factors on I.R of Iran,s army strategic intelligence system performance were gattered by overlap of documents, interviews and library studies. Then effective factors on I.R of Iran,s army strategic intelligence system performance were distributed by questioneir among the sample community and the result was confirmed by level of significance with 95% confidence and 5% error. The results of this survey indicated that there are 14 major and effective factors in the implementation of strategic intelligence system in islamic republic of Iran army. Among these factors, expert manpower, allocate sufficient credits and financial resources, appropriate stracture and organization, use of advanced technologies, use of advanced gattering equipment and tools, up-to-date training course with the present and future conditions have the greatest impact on the implementation of strategic intelligence system in islamic republic of Iran army.

New threats, including hybrid threats, have challenged the core function of intelligence, which is to demystify threats. The unique characteristics of hybrid threats have led both government and non-government actors to use them for achieving their goals. Users of hybrid threats, on the one hand, use multiple tools simultaneously to increase their strategic impact, and on the other hand, target the whole society instead of the government to achieve their goals. The simultaneous and increasing use of various tools and changing the nature of threats has challenged the core function of intelligence. Therefore, the concern and issue of the authors for the present article is examining the challenges of hybrid threats and they are trying to take an important step towards this issue with the aim of providing a strategic pattern of intelligence security. Obviously, hybrid threats are a current issue in the country and special attention is needed at the level of the country's intelligence community. This research has been done by using the case and context method and the necessary information has been prepared in a library and field method and the collected data have been analyzed and categorized by the data-based method and finally, the desired pattern has been presented. New threats, including hybrid threats, have challenged the core function of intelligence, which is to demystify threats. The unique characteristics of hybrid threats have led both government and non-government actors to use them for achieving their goals. Users of hybrid threats, on the one hand, use multiple tools simultaneously to increase their strategic impact, and on the other hand, target the whole society instead of the government to achieve their goals. The simultaneous and increasing use of various tools and changing the nature of threats has challenged the core function of intelligence.

In a system of religious democracy, various institutions are created to stabilize and maintain it, that the institution of intelligence is an example of them. The purpose of this article is to examine the interaction between the institution of intelligence and the religious democracy system in addressing the threats of the religious democracy system, using a systematic approach. Thus, this article is an attempt to provide a reasoned answer to the question of “Can the institution of intelligence be effective in identifying and repelling threats and strengthening and stabilizing the system of religious democracy?” The method of this research is applied in terms of purpose and documentary in terms of implementation method. In addition, the information required for the research has been collected in the form of library collecting from reliable sources and has been analyzed in a descriptive- analytical manner. The research findings indicate that the framework of intelligence performance analysis based on the “Intelligence cycle” model includes threat identification, design and orientation, information collection, analysis and production, distribution and reassessment of threats. An efficient intelligence system must have within itself the principles of directing operations and the ability to measure the effectiveness of its actions, reflect a global balance, have sufficient scope and influence and has clearly identified obstacles to democratic sovereignty. If the input to the system of interaction between religious democracy and intelligence is the threats related to democracy and the rule of religion, the output will be the continued participation of the people in peacefully determining their destiny, the rotation of power, stability, the realization of the spirit of the constitution and Islamic rules at all levels and layers.