افول آمریکا

The relationship between Iran and the United States has been turbulent, especially following the 1979 Islamic Revolution. Both Democratic and Republican administrations have used different strategies to pressure Iran, making this one of the most complex relationships in international affairs. Examining this dynamic—particularly in light of major historical events like the 1953 coup and the post-1979 tensions—is a multi-layered challenge that goes beyond politics. It also involves sociology, economics, and security studies, reflecting the deep and evolving complexities of global power structures. However, over the years, scholars and analysts have studied the various strategies the U.S. has employed against Iran, identifying patterns of hostility. This paper focuses on the Biden administration’s approach, assessing how it builds on past U.S. policies while introducing its own methods in response to global changes.

This study explores a key question: What framework defines the "Hybrid Containment" strategy used by the Biden administration against Iran? The main goal is to understand how the U.S. applies a mix of tactics to exert pressure on Iran. The research is both theoretical and practical, contributing to policy discussions while offering operational insights. It relies on documentary and library sources, combining deductive and inductive reasoning, and uses a descriptive-analytical approach for interpretation. Since the study is exploratory, it does not test specific hypotheses.

The study finds that the Biden administration’s approach to Iran falls under the concept of "Hybrid Containment in a Complex Environment." This strategy reflects the unpredictable and deeply interconnected nature of economic, security, and social factors influencing global relations today. Because of this complexity, two key aspects—planning and exploitation —are essential. The U.S. aims not only to structure a containment strategy for Iran but also to take advantage of unexpected developments and interactions.Washington’s approach involves two main elements: deterrence (blocking Iran’s actions) and compellence (forcing Iran to comply). This strategy is shaped by broader shifts in global power dynamics, particularly the U.S. effort to manage its declining influence while countering emerging powers like China. Moreover, the foundation of U.S. policy toward Iran operates on two levels. The first level concerns Iran itself—its post-revolution identity and the nature of the Islamic Republic. The second level involves Iran’s geopolitical and economic significance, particularly its role in China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Russia’s access to southern trade routes. The Ukraine war has, in turn, increased Iran’s strategic importance in global trade.To counter Iran’s influence, the U.S. has adopted two key strategies:"Neither Negotiation nor Confrontation" – Keeping Iran in a frozen state diplomatically while minimizing its geopolitical relevance.Undermining the legitimacy of the Islamic Republic – Portraying Iran as ineffective and creating social divisions.Within these strategies, the U.S. and its allies employ various techniques. One common approach is gray-zone deterrence, applying pressure below the threshold of open war to limit Iran’s ability to respond. Specific tactics include:Expanding economic sanctions, disrupting Iran’s oil exports, and interfering with financial transactions.Supporting a network of terrorist groups and regional allies—including India, Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Israel—as a counterweight to Iran’s axis of resistance and China’s Belt and Road Initiative.Using media and psychological tactics to weaken Iran’s domestic unity, polarizing society, and questioning the future of the resistance movement.

The Biden administration’s Iran strategy reflects a blend of historical precedents and modern geopolitical shifts. Its hybrid containment model operates within a deeply interconnected global environment, balancing deterrence with strategic exploitation. The U.S. aims to limit Iran’s regional influence while shaping a global order that preserves American power in an era of rising competition.

One of the key debates among political analysts and experts in the U.S. and around the world concerns the decline of American power and the timing of its realization. Political experts predict the emergence of a multipolar system, with China surpassing its competitors in economic dominance. This article aims to assess the decline of the U.S. and China's global position. The main question is: How can the decline of the U.S. and China's current status be evaluated? To answer this question, the study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing document-based research with data collected through library sources. Traditional and technological power indicators have been used to assess the current status of the U.S. and China. The findings indicate that while the U.S. has lost its previous standing in economic, political, and moral aspects, it still maintains an advantage over China in technological power indicators. However, this does not guarantee the continuation of U.S. dominance, as the effective utilization of emerging technologies can empower weaker states or non-state actors to challenge the established power, ultimately leading to a multipolar global order.

The decline of America is one of the most important mysteries in the environmental structure of the global system. Following such circumstances, the central and major concern of the research was raised: How will the geopolitical configuration of the global system be organized with the decline of America? In response to the main research question, our initial assumption was that with the decline of America, the environmental structure of the global system will face a new geopolitical configuration at the levels of power structure and arrangement of units, global order and behavioral control patterns and the structure of order control (control model, control goals, control strategy, control tools, and control tools). The research is descriptive and analytical in terms of strategy. Data collection was library and documentary, and the collection tool was also record-taking. The data organization method was also "open coding". Data analysis was based on the causal structural method. By examining the evidence, it was determined that the research hypothesis is adaptable. Following this fact, the evidence indicates that the power structure of the global system is moving towards a new arrangement of actors in the form of moving from a unipolar to a multipolar structure and from a hegemonic order to a multi-body equilibrium order. At the level of behavioral patterns, the system's environmental structure is on the verge of accumulating competition and subsequently spreading instability. The increasing role of regional powers in global geopolitics and increasing military spending are other important outcomes of America's decline at the level of global structure and order. Finally, the system's environmental structure is gradually preparing for the formation of a network of strategic alliances and alignments under the equilibrium order.

After two decades of a U.S.-led global order, the resurgence of great power competition has emerged as the defining characteristic of the international system in the 21st century. In this new era of great power rivalry, the multipolar dynamics among the U.S., China, and Russia, along with the U.S.-China duality, hold particular significance. China, currently the second-largest economy and the largest energy consumer, is poised to become the world's largest economy by 2030. China's rise as a global power has presented challenges to the U.S. across economic, military, technological, and ideological dimensions. Given the ongoing competition between the two nations, the central question of this article is what trajectory China and the U.S. have followed in their bilateral relations to reach a level of competition and confrontation in the technological sphere, and what are the primary dimensions of this rivalry? Based on the hypothesis and findings of the research, it can be stated that the strategic goal of the U.S. was to integrate China into the international system under its hegemony, grounded in the belief that supporting China's ascent and incorporating it into a Western-centric international order would foster economic liberalization and extend to China's political system. The objective of this research is to provide an overview of the confrontation between the United States and China in the technological-commercial domain. According to the research findings, competition between the U.S. and China is likely to persist over the next decade, and given the complexity of the relations between these two countries, it may lead to limited collusions and cooperation on challenges such as climate change, ultimately shaping a new international order.

With the collapse of the former Soviet Union, a unipolar system led by the United States was formed at the international level. In this period of time, American foreign policies developed from the expansion of military bases in different regions, intervention in civil, regional and proxy wars, etc. The formation of emerging powers such as China and Russia, successive failures in the countries of the West Asian region, as well as the inability to confront Iran as an influential political and security country in the region, became the grounds for the decline of American power at the international level. This research is a descriptive-analytical study and the data collection method is library. In this research, we will discuss the decline of America in the West Asian region and the role of the Islamic Revolution in the defense thought of Imam Khamenei. The findings of the research show that after the Islamic revolution, the Supreme Leader expressed the theory of resistance and opposition to the hegemonic policies of America from Iran, and this policy was implemented in Islamic Iran. In this regard, the Islamic Republic tried to expand the theory of resistance. The Imam and the Supreme Leader played an irreplaceable and fundamental role in shaping the theory of resistance and people's convergence with it, and ultimately they shaped the causes of the decline of American power at the regional and international level.

The decline American hegemony has been one of the most important topics in international relations literature in recent years, which has always occupied the minds of many global analysts and politicians. During recent decades, by following the example other nations of the region from the fundamentals and principles of the Islamic revolution and by taking advantage of the developments the Islamic awakening, form unwritten alliance between the governments and nations the West Asian region, centered on power Islamic resistance was formed confront the arrogant policies and finally the gradual decline American hegemony in the West Asian region. The main question of the present research is raised follows: What effect the formation and expansion the power the Islamic resistance axis the West Asian region had the decline of American hegemony (problem); We will deal with the current research using descriptive-analytical approach (method); The findings of the research at both regional and international levels, including: unity and de-tension between the governments West Asian region, the dynamics and formation of the balance of power the international arena, anger and public disgust of the nations. From the United States the West Asian region, the spread of the values of the Islamic Revolution and the dynamics of the Islamic system within the nations and governments of the region will be the failure of global coalitions and alliances centered the United States and its allies (findings).

The Islamic revolution of Iran took place in a situation where the world was going through a period of ups and downs caused by world wars and was experiencing a so-called bipolar system. A system that considered the condition of survival of nations in joining one of the two dominant poles. Singing the slogan "Neither East nor West" in this international political environment upset many calculations and opened a new horizon for other countries and nations. Perhaps one of the most important achievements of the Islamic Revolution of Iran was the transition from the dominant system and the creation of a new order and challenging the international hegemony. In the meantime, the school and thought of the great leader of the revolution played a significant role in the stabilization and continuation of this movement. Even today, the school and political thought of Supreme Leader Imam Khamenei, which is in line with the thought of the great architect of the Islamic Revolution, has been able to continue its tremendous effects. This research seeks to examine the role of the Islamic revolution and its impact on the decline of American power, and in the meantime, it has considered the intellectual framework and defense thought of Imam Khamenei. This research has been done through descriptive and analytical methods and using library resources.

The phenomenon of America's decline is one of the most challenging issues in the international arena, which has received more and more attention from various thinkers and politicians in the last decade. Considering the importance of this issue in the process of current and future developments in the world, it is important to provide a correct analysis of this phenomenon. Therefore, in this article, by using the qualitative content analysis method and by examining the views of the Supreme Leader, the concept and dimensions of America's decline are examined from his point of view. Based on the studies and the coding done, the decline of America is a real and definite thing, which is rooted in the principle of anti-arrogance, divine tradition, and the observation of existing realities. Finally, two main software and hardware dimensions can be attributed to this phenomenon. In the software dimension, issues such as the decline of liberalism discourse, the decline of soft power, and moral-spiritual decline can be expressed, and in the hardware dimension, issues such as political decline can be expressed. , economic decline, military decline and finally social order decline can be observed.

The main issue of this research is to extract and present a systematic model to explain the meaning and process of the decline of the United States based on the principles, views and views of Ayatollah Khamenei. In accordance with this goal Grounded theory By purposeful sampling of related texts, Ayatollah Khamenei's official statements were selected and coded using maxqda2018 software. The final results of this research in the form of the output model of the foundation data method are as follows: The central phenomenon of this research is the decline of the United States means the disappearance of the American people and the world's belief in the American political system. The historical context of American crimes in Iran and the world and various rational reasons and concepts such as Arrogance, Domination system, colonialism and the Great Satan are the underlying conditions of decline, and the actual cause of decline is the divine traditions, which occur if the nations are aware of the struggle that arises from this awakening. The final strategy proposed by this model is to enlighten or awaken the nations.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran can be considered as one of the great revolutions in history that has caused important changes in the contemporary world. A revolution that has always been in conflict with this discourse since its inception as a non-(other) discourse of Western civilization. Therefore, the main question that arises is that given the serious confrontation between these two views, what effect has the Islamic Revolution had on the decline of American hegemony? (Question); Accordingly, in this article, using a qualitative method and documentary study, data and materials related to this issue have been studied and examined (method); The results of the study indicate that the Islamic Revolution, on the one hand, has seriously challenged the idea of ​​Western liberalism at the level of discourse, and on the other hand, by taking measures such as withdrawing from the strategic alliance with the United States, capturing its embassy in Iran, creating a spirit of Islamic awakening in the West Asian region, weakening the position and power of the Zionist regime, supporting anti-arrogance movements and challenging US military power, greatly influenced the spread of liberation movements - especially the Islamic Awakening - and in The result has been a decline in American hegemony (results).

The concept of American decline was for the first time used by theoreticians such as Imanuel Wallerstein. Wallerstein offered the theory of cycles of hegemony, which focused on the decline and weakening of American relative power. The core of Wallerstein’s idea was the decline of the US power vis-à-vis dollar and gold. In the post-cold war era, the US situation in global politics and economy declined more than ever. The US in the 21st century became engaged in endless wars in Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Libya, Yemen and many other geographical regions. The surprise withdrawal of the US forces from Afghanistan under President Biden demonstrated that war and peace lacked the formations of tactical and strategic action. The said developments indicated that the US capabilities have gradually declined, making new waves of crises and conflicts in the region inevitable. The main question of the present paper is as follows: What factors have affected the gradual decline of America? The hypothesis of this paper is as follows: Unilateralism and endless conflicts of the United States in the crisis-ridden regions are among the factors that have led to an increase in strategic costs of the United States. Structural neorealism approach has been used in this paper. Merchheimer mentioned that the US role in endless regional crises led to the increase in strategic costs of this country. Data and content analysis has been used in this research.