اقتصاد مقاومتی

The present study aims to identify and exploit the areas of possible cooperation between Iran and Pakistan in order to achieve security goals. Creating security with the help of resistance economy is of practical importance because it helps to improve the pattern of relations between Iran and Pakistan and should be one of the priorities of the policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research seeks to answer this key question: to what extent can the use of a resistance economy in Iran-Pakistan relations perpetuate bilateral security between the two countries? The researchers' approach is descriptive-analytical, the type of research is applied, and the method of data collection are documented and for their analysis, the model based on the combination of two theories of resistance economy and the negative discourse of security has been used as the basis of the analysis. Separate security and economic studies have been published on the subject, but the issue of the impact of the resistance economy on security relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan has not yet been reviewed in a consolidated manner. This study shows that the analysis of the pillars of resistance economy including supporting national production, economic stability, economic justice and consumption pattern reform has had a direct impact on the security relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan, including three critical issues of border challenges, terrorist groups and drugs and with special attention to the pillars of the resistance economy, it is possible to both alleviate the current economic situation of the country and strengthen the security relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Pakistan.

Undoubtedly, the Iranian people's revolution in 1979 marked a significant turning point in the country's political landscape, leading to the establishment of the Islamic Republic. One of the central discourses of the Islamic Revolution, with political Islam at its core, was political independence. This article evaluates the performance of the Islamic Republic of Iran in relation to the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, focusing on political independence. Political independence, as one of the fundamental principles and main objectives of the Islamic Revolution, has played a crucial role in shaping the policies and governmental structures of the Islamic Republic. Using a descriptive library research method and employing Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis, this study aimed to analyze how the discourse of political independence has been articulated and stabilized in the Islamic Republic. Subsequently, it assessed the regime's performance in achieving this goal. This evaluation includes examining domestic and foreign policies, economic efforts towards self-sufficiency, and the internal and external challenges and resistances faced by the Islamic Republic. The results of this study indicate that despite facing international pressures and internal challenges, the Islamic Republic of Iran has made significant efforts to maintain and strengthen its political independence. However, it continues to face numerous challenges that require new analyses and measures to achieve complete political independence

The concept of resistance economy is to maintain the economic growth trend in the country and reduce its vulnerability. From the point of view of leadership, resistance economy is a special form of Islamic economic system, which is in the state of economic threat of subverting the enemy's system with a change in the priority of the goals of the economic system and corresponding changes in strategic principles and general policies in the system. In the economic system of Islam, in this situation, with a change in the priority of the goals and as a result in the macro policies and strategic principles and the rule of the Jihad spirit over the economic behavior of the government and the people, a macro strategy will be designed that will turn the threat into an opportunity and will lead to leapfrog growth. . The main question of this article is what are the main elements of the resistance economy and its basic components and what are the challenges facing it in the banking network of Iran? In response to such a hypothesis, the main element of resistance economy from the leadership's point of view is economic jihad, and its four basic components are economic growth, economic justice, economic stability, and economic resilience. Here, only the fourth component is emphasized and the challenges The existing banking network includes equipment, allocation and management in particular, so that the management model of the country's commercial banks can take a step with precise planning in order to support domestic production, especially in the field of self-sufficiency in the production of basic goods, and providing facilities as a priority contractors; an action that affects the policy of the embargoes based on creating pressure by limiting the country's imports.

E-government and its application in societies have a special place. One of the important approaches in which e-government can play an important role is the issue of resistance economy. With the advent of information technology and the use of e-government, wide opportunities have been provided for the growth and development of the country in the conditions of resistance economy.The research aims to investigate the effectiveness of e-government in achieving the goals of the resistance economy. Also, the research is of applied and developmental type and its research method is descriptive and library and survey methods have been used to collect information. The statistical population of insurance industry experts is 329 and the statistical sample size is 172.The results show that the use e-government in society has an effective role in achieving the goals of the resistance economy and three components of e-government, service quality, ease of access and system monitoring having the greatest impact on the resistance economy. Also, the main effect of using e-government on improving public welfare is one of the criteria of a resistance economy.

The aim of this research is to provide a model to identify the potential of business clusters and factors and indicators affecting their formation in the less developed regions of Iran. The type of applied research is mixed, mainly using the Delphi method and interpretation, inductive, and survey in terms of data collection. The sampling method was non-random, judgmental, purposeful and criterion-oriented qualitative stage and the snowball sampling technique was used. 18 people ended at the end of the fourth round and reached consensus and appropriate agreement. In the quantitative stage, random sampling and a number of 134 experts were used. Average tests of a population were used with Spss software, and structural equation models and confirmatory factor analysis were used with Smart Pls software. The findings show that ten factors and forty Seven key indicators include: location factor and geographic location, policy factor, economic factor, cultural and social factor, human capital and technology factor, education factor, opportunities and threats factor, product or service factor, expandability factor, foresight factor and factor The market and 47 indicators, as explained in the text of the article, are the main elements of the potential for the formation and formation of business clusters in the less developed provinces of Iran, the meaningful relationship between the extracted factors and indicators with the subject of the research was proven. Suggestions: Accelerate the implementation of orders The resistance economy is the establishment of the national observatory of clusters, supporting the development of clusters based on indigenous knowledge.

In studying the policies governing the development plans of the second Pahlavi period and the Islamic Republic of Iran, an attempt was made to analyze the analytical framework in order to understand the process and causes of economic development failures in the last seventy years. For this purpose, using an interdisciplinary approach, the role of civil and economic development in the effectiveness of the country's development policies was investigated.To the central government is the incomplete modeling of Western school development programs and the disregard for indigenous capacities and requirements and territorial planning.This imperfect modeling removed the people from economic management and replaced the government as a holding entity. In the period of the Islamic Republic, in order to make economic policies effective and get rid of these failures, it was tried to privatize and internalize the economy as the axis of planning and the resistance economy as the Iranian and Islamic model and the driver and axis of development. The Pahlavi era and the imposed war and sanctions have slowed the growth of economic development.Keywords: civil and economic development, economic policy, endogenous development, government-centered, resistance economy

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering from the perspective of the Supreme Leader. The research method is descriptive-survey and the statistical population is 380 academic staff members of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz branch. Using Morgan's table, the sample size was determined to be 181 people. The tools of data collection were two researcher-made questionnaires on the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom and the engineering questionnaire on the culture of resistance economy, which were distributed using a non-random sampling method.Data analysis has been done using correlation tests, analysis of variance and regression. The results of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of the culture of self-sacrifice and martyrdom and the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering at the three levels of ideal, existing and goal. Therefore, the existence of the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in universities provides a suitable platform for the implementation of resistance economy culture engineering, and with scientific and comprehensive planning and policies, the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom can be established in universities. Raise an acceptable level.

This research was conducted with the aim of providing a sociological model of the implementation of resistance economy policies in the Republic of Iran between 1400-1392 and the main method of the current research is the survey method, which collects data with the help of a questionnaire and analyzes it with the help of SPSS, PLS and Various statistics have been made. The statistical population of this research in the quantitative part, in the quantitative part, the statistical population includes 130 former and current professors and experts of sociology and economics of the universities of Qom, to select research samples in the quantitative stage, a simple random sampling method was used. In this part, because the sample size is limited, the statistical population is the same as the sample. ; And the findings of the research indicate that the main components of fit are the modification of the consumption pattern, lifestyle change, economic culture change, anti-corruption, people-centeredness and the role of the media, also considering the positivity of the lower and upper limits of the distance. The reliability (greater than the average) of all 6 indicators used in the report, it can be concluded that according to the respondents, these 6 are properly developed in the model process and are currently in a favorable condition. Based on the identified factors and indicators based on interviews and confirmatory factor analysis of the presented conceptual model, all 6 factors are approved and it.

In recent years, the application of unfair economic sanctions against Iran led to the emergence of restrictions in the domestic business space. Therefore, based on the need that was felt more than before in the country, the discourse of resistance economy was raised for the first time by the Supreme Leader. Resistance economy is a practical and theoretical discourse to exemplify a type of economy that is expressed by the leadership to face economic sanctions. Therefore, the present study aims to answer the question, what does resistance economy mean in the speech of the Supreme Leader? The purpose of this research is to investigate the resistance economy discourse of the Supreme Leader. The hypothesis of this research is that the speech of the Supreme Leader's resistance economy includes domestic and foreign economy, which is presented as a local model of progress. This research, which has been conducted by the discourse analysis method, has used the theme analysis method in the data analysis and has drawn the resistance economy discourse of the Supreme Leader in the form of a theme network model. Sampling in this research was done in a purposeful way and after analyzing 15 texts of speeches of the Supreme Leader regarding resistance economy, theoretical saturation has been reached. Finally, the findings of the research show that the Supreme Leader's resistance economy discourse has three overarching themes: "endogenous economy", "external economy" and "native model of progress".

More than a decade has passed since the introduction of resistance economics and policy-making in this field in our country. The question is, are the new concepts introduced in the Western world more advanced and superior than the existing concepts in the schools of Islamic economics? What are the differences and overlaps between the two perspectives of resistance economics and rotational economics? In order to answer the research question, the researcher has tried to extract components by studying the published researches of circular economics until 2021 by the meta-combined method, then by the content analysis method of the statements of the Supreme Leader (memory of God Almighty) In the form of components of resistance economics are extracted and finally, the correspondence between two rotational economies and resistance economics is studied. According to the research findings, 10 components in the system of resistance economics lack the corresponding concepts in the components of circular economics. These ten components are: economic hedging, endogenous growth based on production boom, business ecosystem, economic financing of intelligent financing, transition from single-product economy, branding of resistance economy, knowledge-based economy, Replacing imports with domestic production, and social capital. In addition, all the existing components (8 components) in the system of circular economics have corresponding concepts in resistance economics. These are the eight components of the case; Environmental protection laws include a sustainable Islamic-Iranian lifestyle, the three principles of a circular economy, sustainable management, sustainable governance, social values, industrial ecology, and sustainable development.

The modern history of iran has witnessed evolution, planning, and actions in the area of progress and development. attention is on principle and the physical element, the qualities which have partly changed to reasons for them. In this gap, the special view of key elements and effective groups in the development of a new culture is a significant development. This research had turned it upside down with the purpose of a native - pattern, of effective voices in the development of culture and the development of our conversation. The results of this work consists in trying to achieve the development of the country, founded on the development of culture, and of the development of society, which is basically the result of culinary institutions, of teaching, of religion, and of the systems associated with the great tools of striving, of faith, and of social development.socialization - development culture - resistance economy - institutionalization

In order to face external pressures and sanctions, resistance economy was introduced as an effective strategy by the leader of the revolution as an approach that can guarantee the consistency and strength of the internal structure of the country. In the current research, in the framework of the principles and foundations of resistance economy, it was tried to extract and explain the components of resistant people based on the leader`s sayings. With regard to the goal, the research method is qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The results show that, based on the statements of the leadership, for stability and resistance for establishing the principles of resistance economy, the model of a resistant man consists of four main categories and eight sub-categories, including belief (piety and trust), cognitive (insight and independent identity), psychological (self-confidence and hope for the future) and behavioral (avoidance of extravagance, persistence). Strengthening these categories in the individual layers of society can help to institutionalize the components of resistance economy.

The main purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and components and design a pathological model for the implementation of the general commercial policy of the country with the approach of resistance economy. The research method is mixed (qualitative and quantitative) that the theme analysis method and Delphi method have been used to extract qualitative data. The statistical population of the qualitative sector includes professors and experts of the commercial sector, which has been used by purposeful sampling method to 12 experts to extract the initial data (interview) and 7 experts to apply opinions in the Delphi method. The statistical population of the quantitative section includes 1200 experts and managers of the country's commercial sector, which is determined using Cochran's formula of 300 sample size, the results of theme analysis by Astrid Sterling method and the use of NVIVO software including 129 open source There were 50 basic codes, 15 organizing codes and 3 universal codes. Also, the test results of the structural equation model showed that all the relationships between the main variables in the research model are significant and the factors related to each section have a significant effect on the dependent variable and the fit and validation of the model have been confirmed. .

A subject called economy and especially economics has been with him since the beginning of human life. Human economic behavior is rooted in his needs. With the passage of time, the increase in population, the limitation of resources, as well as with the increase and variety of needs in the process of global changes and the development of human civilization, the issue of economy and provision of livelihood and increasing human needs has constantly changed and become more complicated. In terms of importance, the issue of economy has been interpreted in different schools with different views based on their worldviews. This issue has become the goal of individual and social life in material schools. So that they pursue everything for the economy and livelihood and material and worldly well-being. In the history of the evolution of economics, different schools of these views have emerged to explain human economic behavior, and after some time, they have been removed or marginalized with the emergence of newer schools of thought. With monotheistic view, the world has a single and harmonious system. This system has subcategories, "economic system" is one of these subcategories. In this article, economic system means a system that, by applying legal rules in the field of resistance economy, in connection with other systems and using economic tools, is responsible for providing, distributing and consuming the needs of the society.

Today, knowledge-based startups play a key role in driving economic growth, so the country's progress depends on the support of knowledge-based startups. On the other hand, the general policies of the resistance economy need a roadmap for implementation in different areas as a guideline for shaping economic goals. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to design a model and identify the factors that influence on the insurance of FinTech knowledge-based startups with the approach of achieving the second paragraph of the goals of resistive economy. The research methodology of this article is qualitative and based on a Grounded Theory approach. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured, in-depth interviews using a purposive and theoretical sampling method. The results show that the causal conditions are creating enacts conditions for codification and regulation in the insurance industry. If context conditions are available, while the COVID-19 crisis is available as an intervening condition, insurance strategies will have impact. These strategies include government interaction with insurance industry managers and technologists, developing smart insurance strategies, modifying smart insurance processes and platform and data-driven. Which have consequences such as the developing smart insurance products, use of transformational technologies, multi-dimensional and multi-directional development and growth, and intelligent risk management.

Iran, in the path of progress in the context of new development paradigms, has introduced the concept of resistance economy and presented it as a capable strategy; Supporting the Iranian brand can be done with the help of media that have a persuasive role; And the national media is one of these media, whose supporting role was examined by analyzing the nature of the discourse of supporting the Iranian brand in downstream documents, which included the rules of the commercial administration of this institution. For this purpose, the method of critical analysis of discourse with Fairclough approach, and in a more comprehensive analysis of documents, the instructions of "Joop and Norris" have been used. In the critical reading of the documents, it was found that although in the lexical description of the text of these documents, the findings indicated that the criteria were set to support the Iranian product (brand), but at the level of interpretation and explanation, it was determined that it is necessary. These documents should be reorganized with a new approach in order to reduce their revenue-generating policies with a jihadist view and to pursue the importance of the role of brands in advancing the policies of the resistance economy more seriously; However, if analyzed with an empowerment approach that believes in the consolidation and internalization of social activities, new relationships can be presented that, by arousing the innate sensibilities of society to strengthen the national spirit, replace the Iranian brand choice with other choices. .

In this research, it has been investigated how and under what process resistance economy can provide an opportunity to improve the export performance of petrochemical products. The research method is applied and in terms of approach, it is exploratory-explanatory and the research method is also qualitative. After identifying the dimensions and components, as well as the relationships between the identified components and dimensions, one of the dimensions was included as the central class and the other dimensions and classes as the causal conditions, the platform governing the phenomenon under investigation, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences in the model. The findings showed that the variable of clearing transactions through the payment method; The target market identification variable affects the resistance economy through the two components of knowing the competitors and knowing the customers, and the variable of eliminating production barriers through the two components of environmental factors and organizational factors. The resistance economy approach also leads to sustainable participation in the global market, or in other words, positioning and sustainable competitive advantage of the brand. This is while the variable of infrastructure development including transportation and information and communication technology as background conditions and variables of the government's export development program such as export incentives, tax incentives, banking facilities and administrative and regulatory policies; Marketing, such as product, price, distribution channels and promotion as intervening factors, has an effect on sustainable participation in the global market and ultimately improves export performance, improves financial performance and improves non-financial performance.

The oil industry has an important place in the general policies of the resistance economy in such a way that articles 13 to 15 of these policies are dedicated to this industry. In the international oil contracts, based on clauses 14 and 15 of the general policies of the resistance economy, it emphasizes on two principles: "increasing the country's strategic oil and gas reserves" and "expanding production capacities and safe harvesting of resources". The main goal of this research is that the parties to the contract can use mechanisms to maintain the balance they have achieved during the conclusion of the contract by adjusting the appropriate legal conditions until the end of the contract. Achieving the aforementioned principles and producing protection from tanks requires appropriate solutions to control or reduce the negative effects of liquidation risks by predicting appropriate legal conditions in the contract; The approach of the current research is analytical-descriptive and based on qualitative analysis based on interviews with elites of the oil industry and is practical in terms of purpose and exploratory in nature and method. The results show the use of the renegotiation condition and the stability condition in the contract, the condition of removing foreign oil companies from the contract area, the condition of termination of the contract with the opinion of the employer, the condition of reimbursement of the expenses and wages due along with the agreed return rate, the condition of force majeure.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between attitudes characteristics of Productive Personnel and resistance economics (Case study: Sport and Youth Departments of South Khorasan Province). The present study is an applied research that has been done using a survey method. The instrument used in this study was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and professors in the relevant subject area and its reliability was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.86. Findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the characteristics of creativity with all subscales of resistance economics (innovation, knowledge creation and transfer, flexibility, consumption management, jihadist performance and support for national production). The results showed that in order to achieve a resilient economy in the sports and youth departments of the province, the job performance and attitudes characteristics of employees and the factors that affect the type of their performance should be improved