جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "امنیت پایدار" در نشریات گروه "علوم سیاسی"

Security theories have evolved significantly over time. Traditionally, pre-Cold War theories regarded security as a one-dimensional concept, primarily focused on military strength and defense. However, after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, these traditional views lost prominence due to their inability to address and resolve emerging security challenges. In response, more comprehensive approaches emerged, framing security as a multidimensional concept that encompasses economic, political, social, and environmental factors. Among these modern theories is the concept of “sustainable security.” This theory argues that the problems and issues of human societies have economic, political, and social roots.In this context, drug trafficking has emerged as a significant issue within Iran's political economy, impacting both domestic and global security over recent decades. The province of Sistan and Baluchistan, which shares borders with Afghanistan and Pakistan, has become a critical entry point for drugs into Iran. Each year, large quantities of narcotics are smuggled across its borders.This paper examines the political economy of narcotics, specifically the dynamics of drug trafficking. The central research question is “How does the political economy of narcotics in Sistan and Baluchestan province affect security and stability in Iran?” The innovative aspect of this study lies in its focus on a localized, provincial level of analysis. By applying a political economy framework to drug trafficking, the research aims to elucidate the phenomenon of narcotics trafficking and its security implications.

This research employs a “conventional content analysis” methodology to examine news coverage of insecurity in Sistan and Baluchestan province over the past decade. Additionally, a “post-event analysis” was utilized to evaluate security trends in the province. Data sources include library materials and both official and unofficial reports from the Iranian police. To ensure reliability and validity, these reports were qualitatively validated through field interviews with experts and local residents.

According to a 2018 official report, 75% of the heroin and 75% of the morphine found in Iran originated from Pakistan, with the remaining portion entering directly from Afghanistan. In 2020 alone, police seized 311,136 kilograms of drugs and arrested 67,994 individuals on drug-related charges. These figures underscore the significant role that drug trafficking plays in the political economy of Sistan and Baluchestan province.The production, distribution, and consumption of opiates have profoundly impacted the economic conditions and livelihoods of the people in this Iranian province. From this perspective, the political economy of narcotics emerges as a survival strategy for some citizens who lack adequate social security and welfare, forcing them to turn to the drug trade as a means of earning a living. Here, the term “political economy” refers to the dominant mode of production in a society, which encompasses both political and economic spheres, with a dynamic and reciprocal relationship between the two. This interplay directly and indirectly affects other societal domains, including security. The political economy of Sistan and Baluchestan province has a unique structure that significantly influences Iran's security. The province's production system includes both formal sectors, such as industry, agriculture, and services, and informal sectors, such as trafficking in humans, goods, fuel, weapons, and drugs.

This paper shows that the political economy of narcotics has significantly contributed to the escalation of violence in Sistan and Baluchestan province and its neighboring areas. This includes the proliferation of weapons, kidnappings, hostage-taking, addiction, and murder, culminating in organized violence. The findings indicate that, although an exact estimate of the narcotics economy’s scale remains elusive, it closely aligns with the official statistics for the province. The shortcomings of the official political economy have enabled the informal one - particularly the narcotics trade - to expand substantially, leading to severe negative security impacts.

The evolution of the concept of security after the collapse of the bipolar system in international relations has left a wide impact on the whole of China's foreign policy towards other countries. Based on this, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of analyzing the consequences of the evolution of the concept of security on China's foreign policy strategy in against the countries of the Persian Gulf region and especially Iran. The main goal of this research is to answer the question that what effects did the evolution of the concept of security have on China's foreign policy approach towards the Islamic Republic of Iran? The transition from one-dimensional military security to sustainable multi-dimensional security has caused China to pay attention to many dimensions of security such as economic, political, cultural, energy, military and defense security of this country in relation to the Islamic Republic of Iran and foreign policy. China has undergone extensive changes and transformations in relation to Iran, and the text of this article deals with the research of its influential components. The data collection of this article is based on the library method and the use of documents and sources. It is virtual and the research method of this research is descriptive-analytical.

One of the main and influential factors in the success of police programs in providing public security is public participation and the strengthening of its strengthening factors. This research has been done with the aim of providing a model of mechanisms of public participation with the police in providing stable security.

The present research is qualitative in terms of applied purpose, descriptive in nature and based on the type of data. The statistical population of this research is all commanders and mission managers of high levels of the police, which was used to determine the sample from the method of purposive sampling to theoretical saturation. The expression of data collection is a semi-structured interview, the validity of which was used by the formal method and the reliability was used by the retest method. Then the data was analyzed using the content analysis method.

In total, 137 indicators were identified as mechanisms of public participation with the police in providing sustainable security, which in the form of a five-dimensional model; Informing (34 indicators), seeking participation (35 indicators), seeking participation (26 indicators), cooperation (23 indicators) and empowerment (19 indicators) were organized.

The results show that in order to provide stable security, the police should put the identified mechanisms in attracting people's participation, which are designed in the form of a model, at the top of their plans at the strategic, tactical, and executive levels.

Until the victory of the Islamic Revolution, West Azarbaijan province has always faced numerous political and security challenges due to its ethnic, religious, geographical, social, economic diversity and the existence of separatist thoughts, as well as the corruption and weakness of the central governments throughout history. These factors have caused the backwardness and weakness of development in its various dimensions. Examining the statistics and main economic, social, cultural, political, etc. indicators of this province on a national scale; It is a proof that the face of security and underdevelopment is the fact that the province of West AzarbaijanIt is grappling with the challenges and issues related to it.In this research, with the exploratory mixed method, the results obtained from qualitative, documentary and library studies in accordance with the results obtained from interviews with elites and questionnaire data, show that the main factors and priority sub-factors effective on the stable security of the borders West Azarbaijan province; Without the integration of the functions by the connecting factors, each of them separately, one-dimensional and separately cannot lead to the stability of security, but with the special work of the connecting factors; Their partial functions are combined and aligned and produce the cohesive and desirable result of "sustainable security".

Security is one of the important categories of sustainable development, which is influenced by various factors. Some effective factors in this field are known as social factors. Each region has its own social, cultural and economic conditions, and these differences show the necessity of knowing the social factors in each region. The purpose of this research is to investigate social factors affecting sustainable security in Izeh county and to provide solutions to improve it. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the collection of field data (survey). The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research was formed by experts, and 85 people were determined as the sample size using the snowball method. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed through elites and the reliability was also confirmed with Cronbach's alpha greater than 0.70. The result of the research showed that all social factors affecting sustainable security were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. According to the results, the highest average is related to the factor of preventing discrimination with a value of 3.058 and the lowest average is related to the factor of creating employment for young people with a value of 1.411. Therefore, comparing the minimum and maximum average of social factors shows that there is an unfavorable situation. Among other social factors affecting stable security, they have a weak status: equal opportunities (2.435), management of moral and social networks (2.564), regional tourism development (1.788) and social identity in the region. (2/400) pointed out. The result confirmed that the promotion of social factors can be effective in improving the sustainable security of the region. In this context, the factor of improving the social identity of the region with a beta value of 0.694;

The Persian Gulf, with its unique geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic characteristics, has historically been considered by regional and trans-regional countries. For this reason, the conflicting approaches and attitudes of each of the actors in this region have made the Persian Gulf one of the most divergent regions in the world; So that we have witnessed the lack of lasting security in the region. Accordingly, the present study seeks to analyze the obstacles to the formation of a regional security system in the Persian Gulf.

The method used is descriptive-analytical, which uses the theory of constructivism to answer the question of what factors have prevented the formation of a regional security system in the Persian Gulf?

The findings show that self-help and lack of a common security strategy, geopolitical environmental challenges, currency and border disputes, crisis of democracy and internal disputes (ethnic, racial and political), homogeneous and fragile economies, religious disputes and inequalities Cultural and social, the decline of traditional hegemony and the multiplicity of polarity and continuity in the arms race are obstacles that have prevented the formation of a stable security regime in the region.

The complexity and instability of the security regime in the Persian Gulf region, in addition to foreign interference, has been more the result of conflicting approaches and perceptions of regional actors and these problems and obstacles require tolerance for more dialogue and drawing a new model to resolve. The security concerns of all countries in the region are for the formation of lasting security in the Persian Gulf.

Not only does Iran have a high emigration flow compared to other countries but also it has a high immigration flow with foreign nationals, such as Afghans and Iraqis, immigrating to the country. The political and social circumstances prevailing in Iran’s Eastern and Western neighbors have led the immigration of their people into Iran, which in turn has extensively directed the national and international attention to policymaking and management of immigrants in Iran. Concerning the policymaking, several principles such as equality, multiple citizenship, dominant or effective citizenship, and human dignity should be taken into consideration by the officials. The issue in Iran manifests itself mostly in the immigration of Afghans, with more than 80% of the immigrant population. The common border as well as linguistic, religious, and cultural commonality between Afghanistan and Iran has provided the ground for the strong presence of Afghan immigrants in Iran, which is generally due to the principle of neighborliness. Sistan and Baluchestan Province is one of Iran’s provinces that are heavily involved with the immigration of Afghans, hosting a large number of legal and illegal Afghan immigrants every year. This widespread immigration has caused various problems and harms concerning security, social, cultural, and economic issues, hence the growing need for an appropriate immigration management model.

As an applied–developmental study, the present article aimed to design an optimal model for management of Afghan nationals in Sistan and Baluchestan Province. The research used the qualitative method and the cross-sectional research design as the data collection procedure. The theoretical experts (university professors) and experimental experts (administrators of Sistan and Baluchestan Province) were considered as the statistical population of the research. Moreover, the theoretical sampling method was used to select the sample, which is an appropriate method for determining the sample size in the grounded theory methodology. A semi-structured interview was used to collect the data. To measure the research validity, the study relied on the criteria of validity, transferability, verifiability, and reliability.
The Holsti coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the qualitative part. To analyze the collected data, the study employed MaxQDA software to perform the grounded theory method (data-based theory) based on Strauss and Corbin’s approach.
To present the research model, the study relied on the viewpoints of eight selected experts and formulated six tentative questions: 1) What are the causal conditions at work in formulating policies for management of Afghan immigrants in Sistan and Baluchestan? 2) What is the central phenomenon in an optimal model for management of Afghan immigrants in Sistan and Baluchestan? 3) What are the influential bases and contexts in the process of formulating the optimal model for management of Afghan immigrants in Sistan and Baluchestan? 4) What strategy should be used to implement the optimal model for management of Afghan immigrants in Sistan and Baluchestan? 5) What are the effective intervening conditions in the process of formulating an optimal model for management of Afghan immigrants  in Sistan and Baluchistan? 6) What are the consequences of implementing the optimal model for management of Afghan immigrants in Sistan and Baluchestan?

Having analyzed the results of the interviews by using the database method, the research obtained the main indicators and categories as follows: background conditions (main category: implementation of conditional ban in the province), causal conditions (main categories: full implementation of the law prohibiting the presence of foreign nationals; cultural, religious and political similarities; and establishment of centralized management), the central phenomenon (main category: management of Afghan immigrants), strategies and actions (main category: the amendment of law and legislation), intervening conditions (main category: condemnation of the policy on banning the presence of foreign nationals), consequences (main categories: crime reduction and development of sustainable security in the province, improvement of economic conditions in the province, increase in the people’s level of satisfaction).

Concerning the main indicators and categories mentioned above, the full implementation of the law prohibiting the presence of foreign nationals; cultural, religious, and political similarities; and establishment of centralized management were considered as the basic factors affecting the management of Afghan immigrants. This specific method of management effects the strategic amendment of laws and legislation. Yet it should be taken into account that condemnation of the policy on banning the presence of foreign nationals acts as an intervening factor in this respect, and the implementation of a conditional ban in the province can provide the background conditions. The strategic amendment of laws will bring about the behavioral consequences such as crime reduction and development of sustainable security in the province, improvement of economic conditions in the province, and increase in the people’s level of satisfaction. The results also showed that condemnation of the policy on banning the presence of foreign nationals is a deterrent and intervening factor with negative effects on management of Afghan immigrants in Sistan and Baluchestan, so it is necessary to eliminate it by adopting appropriate strategies.

The management of Afghan nationals in Sistan and Baluchistan province has become a security, cultural and social requirement. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of presenting and validating the management model of Afghan nationals in this province. This study was conducted with the aim of presenting and validating the management model of Afghan nationals in this province. The community of participants in the qualitative section includes the elites of the management of foreign nationals in the province, 8 of whom were selected by purposeful sampling. The statistical population in the quantitative section also includes experts, 109 of whom were selected by cluster-random method. The data collection tools are semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. Based on the results, the full implementation of the law prohibiting the presence of foreign nationals, cultural, religious and political similarities and the establishment of centralized management are the basic factors affecting the management of Afghan nationals. Of course, it should be kept in mind that condemning the policy of banning the presence of foreign nationals has an interventionist role in this regard, and the implementation of a conditional ban in the province also provides the necessary platform. Through the strategic amendment of the laws, behavioral results such as reducing crimes and developing sustainable security in the province, improving the economic conditions in the province and increasing the satisfaction of the people can be achieved.

One of the most important steps to achieve balanced and sustainable development is identifying and adapting the city's capacities with balanced and suitable development capacities to utilize maximum capacity service capacities. The unbalanced development of Naqadeh city is a dynamic and continuous process and today has become one of the problems of urban spaces during which urban areas and their physical spaces in vertical and horizontal directions have caused the city to expand outside the city limits. Therefore, determining the direction and manner of physical expansion of the city to meet the current needs and forecasting for future needs is essential for urban planners and managers. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of participation and commitment of local community and sustainable security on the research of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh in the form of a correlation survey research project. The statistical population of this study was about 127,671 male and female citizens of Naqadeh according to the statistics obtained from Naqadeh governorate. According to the statistical population, the sample was calculated by multi-stage cluster sampling using Cochrane formula with 95% confidence level. The number was 383 (253 males and 130 females). Balanced development, sustainable development, participation and commitment questionnaires of local community, sustainable security were used to collect data. To analyze the data, structural equations (SEM) method with the approach of partial least squares and smartpls3 software has been used. In line with the aim of the research, it was concluded that according to the path coefficient of 0.098 and also considering the amount of T for the first part of the hypothesis (participation and commitment of the local community to the research of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 2.523. Also, considering the path coefficient of 0.809 and also considering the amount of T for the second part of the hypothesis (sustainable security on the basis of balanced and sustainable development) which is equal to 25.881. Based on the findings of the research, it can be claimed that the participation and commitment of the local community and sustainable security play an essential role in the realization of balanced and sustainable development of Naqadeh.

The desire to live better and move towards a bright tomorrow and have a land full of prosperity has been one of the great goals and ideals of all nations, and people always pursue and imagine the achievement of this goal and their ideal in the efforts of politicians, statesmen and thinkers of their society. On the other hand, the lack of regional balances and the unbalanced distribution of services and facilities in an inappropriate manner are among the main characteristics of third world countries and Iran. Today, several factors have caused the creation of a network of central places or settlement hierarchies that have affected other surrounding areas, while regional inequalities in all their forms and levels can have unfortunate consequences. In order to know the difference in the level of development of the regions, it is necessary to first examine the existing situation of the region so that it is possible to plan accordingly to reduce or eliminate the differences. At the regional level, creating a logical balance between people, employment and services is one of the desirable ideals. Also, inequality undermines the political legitimacy of the government and gradually puts the government on the path of destruction. In addition, the existence of inequality and its different dimensions are important signs of underdevelopment. Lack of accurate knowledge of the priority economic sectors of the province and their growth capacities has caused that the capital, facilities, support and development policies of the province are not properly focused on the priority sectors with the ability to grow, which has caused the loss of opportunities for the development of the province. Therefore, recognizing the advantageous part of the province to focus support measures and optimal management of economic resources and to promote economic efficiency is one of the most important needs of the province to achieve its development goals. In this research, we want to identify the capacities of local economic growth and development in this province, and present a codified program with the aim of economic growth in this province, followed by the growth and stability of the population in this region. The asset-oriented development of regions is based on the identification of existing capacities and funds, their strengthening and exploitation. This approach emphasizes the process instead of the outcome and seeks to build capacity by mobilizing local funds. In this approach, the perspective of planning and management from the bottom up is based on the empowerment and collective participation of residents. The underdevelopment of any region can challenge human security and national security. This issue has a double effect on the marginal and border regions, because if the marginal regions lag behind in development and the statesmen of a country do not solve the problems and issues of the marginal people in the periphery, migration from the periphery to the center will inevitably occur, and this migration is also an objective dimension. And it also has a psychological dimension. So that the immigrants will bring the problems of the periphery to the center, and at a distance closer to the center, they will create a new periphery where the security risks of these margins are tens of times higher than the previous type of periphery. In addition, the emptying of border and marginal areas of the country increases the vulnerability of borders and human and national security of the country. Now, according to the mentioned cases, with the aim of identifying the regional capacities in the prosperity of the local economy of Sistan and Baluchistan, the question is raised, what are the regional capacities in the prosperity of the local economy of Sistan and Baluchistan? The current research is descriptive and correlational. Considering the nature of this research, it is preferable to use both qualitative and quantitative methods at the same time. In the first part, we have created a conceptual model and theory related to the subject under study by using library documents and reviewing previous studies, and then we have evaluated the indicators and the current situation using quantitative criteria and tested the conceptual model. The statistical population of the research is experts in the field of local economy and development, and the sampling method of experts is also random. In this research, we used descriptive and inferential methods in two separate parts to analyze statistical information. At the level of descriptive statistics, we have used the indicators of frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation. In the inferential statistics section, we use quantitative methods using SPSS, EXCEL and SWOT software. In this research, the factors extracted from the factor analysis for each economic sector form the normal value of membership functions, and the upper and lower limits of this membership function are obtained by adding and subtracting one and two standard deviations from the normal value. Therefore, for each part, five membership functions are defined, which show very high, high, normal, low and very low levels. The results of the data-output table of Sistan and Baluchistan Province show that none of the economic sectors of the province have been able to provide more than 50% of their intermediate needs from within the province. On the other hand, none of the departments of the province have a strong relationship with other economic sectors in terms of product supply; Therefore, most of the economic sectors of the province provide a part of their intermediary needs by importing from other provinces and abroad. This causes the province to be an importer of labor from other provinces and abroad despite having the capacity to attract labor. In other words, the weakness of inter-sectoral links in the province has caused this province to provide its inter-sectoral needs through imports and to use the labor force outside the province and the country for production. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with the problem of unemployment in the urban areas of the province with appropriate investment in user sectors such as construction, wholesale and retail services, and transportation and storage services, and in the current situation, besides direct job creation in the sectors, indirect job creation should also be paid attention to. For example, the sectors of other public and social services, real estate services and agriculture are indirectly effective in creating employment. Finally, one of the problems of Iran's economy is the high unemployment rate of university-educated people. Unfortunately, until now, Iran's Statistics Center has not published the statistics related to university-educated workers by major economic sectors. The publication of these statistics can determine the capacities of economic sectors to attract university-educated people and in this way help to solve the unemployment problem of these people.

In recent years, the security stability of border areas has become a dynamic and multi-functional reality of the international and national policy system. In the meantime, stable and strategic security in order to improve the quality of life of border residents and the realization of balanced border development has an undeniable role; Therefore, the aim of this research is to explain sustainable security strategies in border urban areas with a focus on the border city of Khodaafrin. The present research method is descriptive analysis and the type of research is applied in nature. The data collection method is library and survey. The statistical population of the research includes experts, officials and border residents of Khodaafarin city. The size of the statistical sample based on the population of the city and according to the table of “Karjesi and Morgan” was determined equal to “250” people. The sampling method was in the form of a quota, and a simple random method was used within the quota. Data processing was done through structural equation model in SmartPls software. The results show that the path coefficients (based on t-statistics) were significant in all the variables, with the highest significance in geographical, social, political, economic, environmental, institutional and military variables with coefficients of 4.430, 3.580, 3/326, 2/360, 2/185, 2/045. In general, the perception of sustainable security and its strategies in Khodaafarin city is significantly tied to the issue of “geography”, “economy” and “politics” and coincides with the characteristics of the mentioned categories; As the coefficient of importance of geographical, economic and political indicators was calculated as “0.368”, “0.461” and “0.364”.

Considering the special and different characteristics of the Middle East countries, the issue of intra-regional security and hegemonic stability in this region can be considered as one of the important concerns in the analysis of the nature of the relations between the countries of the region. The main goal of the current research is intra-regional security and hegemonic stability in this region, which is important for government actors. The main question is how does intra-regional security affect hegemonic stability? The main hypothesis is that; The development and deepening of intra-regional security can lead to hegemonic stability and the development of sustainable security through convergence and de-escalation in the field of relations between governments. In addition to this, the division of power between the powers of the region on the one hand and the all-round growth of economic, political and security relations on the other hand can be a solution to the problems faced by the countries of the region. The research method is a descriptive-analytical qualitative method, and the method of collecting information is library-based and analyzing the collected data using the qualitative analysis method.

Understanding the facts of geography and paying attention to the human and natural capacities of the geographical environment is very important. Southeastern Iran, Makran coast is one of the key points in the Oman Sea due to its geopolitical and geoeconomic capacities and is the Achilles heel of the development of landlocked countries (Central Asia - Russia and Afghanistan). The idea of ​​tribes apart from their geographical area and location is a false one. The tribes provide a series of new privileges and potentials for the country. The main question of the article is whether the development of Makran beaches, considering the geopolitical and geo-economic capacities of the southeastern region of the country, is effective in terms of ethnic and religious convergence? The purpose of this study is to explain the geopolitical and geoeconomic capacities of the southeastern coastal region and also the reason for the backwardness of this region, and finally solutions to overcome this bottleneck to achieve sustainable development will be presented. This research has used the SWOT method. The results of the research indicate that the development of Makran beaches is effective in creating ethnic and religious convergence and will be the key to the development of sustainable security in the region and ultimately in the country.

Since ethnic groups play an important role in national cohesion in any society, strengthening national convergence and territorial cohesion is an important function of government. Today, given the characteristics of the new world, including the free flow of information and the increasing development of technologies, communications, transnational governance, transnational movements and, in general, changes in interactions from micro to macro, challenges and opportunities for the world community. The realm of ethnicities, like other realms, is no exception, and this has in any case led to change, and what seems important is the need to reconsider the policy towards ethnic groups. In this applied research, by using descriptive-analytical method after theoretical studies, efforts have been made to identify the factors affecting the level of promotion of ethnic convergence in the political-security component and then by consulting with some experts and related experts. Subject and their opinions, a questionnaire was prepared to obtain the opinions of the statistical community. The statistical population of the present study is 214 people. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and error of 0.1, 66 people were appointed. Data were analyzed by single-sample t-tests, Friedman test, and SPSS software. The results of the research showed that all aspects of the political-security component affect the convergence of Iranian ethnic groups.

Ilam province has a 425 km common border with Iraq. Being the border of province and having the habitance of different tribes is due to the obvious commonality of its Shiite people, has caused the people living in it play an causeless role in creating lasting security at variouse times such as holy defense. The aim of this research is investigating the affecting factors of the convergence between two forntiersman folks of Arab and Kurd border groups on the range of feeling of lasting security. In this article, the researchist, try to identify the affecting factors of the convergence of these two nations and its effects on the sense of lasting security. The research method of this survey article is the statistical population of those cities in the southern part of Ilam province. The sampling method is cluster and the sample size is 500 people. According to the research findings, ethnic convergence has a direct impact on sustainable security and has the most effect on the dimensions of national security, human security and global security. Among the considered effecting factors influencing on the fortification of the convergence of these two ethnic groups, age and interference of foreigners in the two dimensions of usage and trust in cultural and news packages of foreign media, have an inverse effect on the degree of convergence of groups. Among the other declared factors that significantly affect the consolidation of ethnic groups are the variables of the influence of political elites, cultural asset, education, nationalism, religiosity, people's perception of the political, administrative and the background of extramarital marriage in relatives that have the most to the least effect on the convergence among the Arabs and Kurds inhabitant in Ilam province.

The Islamic Republic of Iran's security school is based on the three criteria of dignity, wisdom and expediency of the system. It consists of five aspects of sustainable security of the Islamic Republic of Iran categorized into two soft and hard dimensions, which result in guaranteeing territorial integrity, establishing and modeling of good governance and social integration in the process of the transformation of nation to Islamic Ummah. In the meantime, the role of security agents (whether formal or informal) in the security school is based on the  strategies of maintaining the status quo, current realities, opportunity-orientation, offensive defense, and deterrence in threat-opportunity exchange and its security management comprises  the basis of this research. The study is aimed at placing security agents in the governance levels and pointing out their missions and duties. This research mainly involves the question of what the positions and functions of security agents are in the security school of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This is qualitative research in terms of methodology which follows documentary method (content analysis) for data collection and expert judgment (Delphi technique) to design the conceptual model of security school of the Islamic Republic of Iran and identify the position of security agents in two formal and informal dimensions. Based on the method of this research, four layers including governance, social security, security system of the state and sustainable security are designed according to which the position of security agents are identified and explained.

Environment and environmental hazards are no longer the subjects exclusively related to specific geopolitical location, rather becoming a global issue with international consequences. West Asia is distinguished as a dry and semi-dry region, where technological promotion, population growth, water scarcity, dust, regional wars, environmental pollution and problems with international consequences make resilience to environmental hazards as an inevitable necessity in the region. This article poses the question: What is the appropriate policy and mechanism for ecological resilience west of Asia? The researchers believe that military and security attitude based on negative security west of Asia have resulted in lack of an appropriate pattern to ensure ecological resilience. They hold that adoption of a sustainable development strategy for West Asia to bring about sustainable security would result in simultaneously balancing environmental and human conducts, thus helping formation of resilience to environmental problems in the region. The article follows descriptive-analytical method for the research.

Iran has long coastal lanes in the region of South East particularly in the Chabahar and Konarak as the opening position. Other reasons for the geographic importance of the region¡ is also including its communication role in connection north-south¡ geopolitical capacities and Iran''s only ocean port¡ so it is one of the key points along the Mokran coasts in the Sea of Oman. The question is whether the potential geopolitical of Mokran coasts can provide sustainable security for Islamic Republic of Iran? The aim of this study was to explore the potential geopolitical of the region of southeastern coasts and also the causes of the region backwardness¡ despite its capacities¡ ultimately¡ will be provided the ways for go out from this impasse and achieve to the sustainable development. In this study¡ has been used from SWOT analysis. The results indicate that using the Mokran coasts main geopolitical potential bring to development of sustainable security in the region and ultimately in the country.