انقلاب صنعتی

The relative power of the first-class countries in the world was never stable, and since the 18th century, the international system has undergone many profound developments and redistributions of power among developed states. This article aims to explain the evolution of new technologies and the conditions for changing the power curve of the international system and to disclose the nature of the technological competition between China and the United States of America in the era of the fourth industrial revolution, and to try to answer the question of how the acquisition of new technologies during industrial revolutions influenced the change in the power curve of states? In response to this question, it is assumed that technological developments have changed the power curve of the international system by creating unequal growth patterns caused by industrialization while accelerating economic development and strengthening the power of developing countries through deepening technological capacity. The method of this research is descriptive-explanatory, and its findings show that technological innovations are considered one of the most important parameters for measuring the degree of power, and since the main goal of states during industrial revolutions is to achieve the latest technology, are considered to strengthen the political and economic power and catch-up the rival powers, strengthening the technological capacity of China as the most important competitor of the United States will drastically endanger its leadership position in the arena of the international system.

Along with the establishment of newspaper, the issue of establishing new schools was one of the most crucial educational-cultural concerns of the Iran modernization, before the Constitutional Revolution. The latter was a response to inefficiency of traditional education for Iran to enter the modern world. This is why this issue was considered in the newspapers of that time as a serious issue. Among the newspapers concerned the issue was Hekmat newspaper. So, the research question is that «which goals were pursued by Hekmat newspaper, through supposition of establishing new schools necessity?» According to the author, with an incomplete and one-sided understanding of the modernity foundations, and without an accurate understanding of the effects of the efficient objective conditions (economic, social and political) in education development in the West, the newspaper assumed that Establishing New Schools Movement would provide the country with advancement platforms. To understand the supposition ofHekmat newspaper›s approach, the Skinner›s Intentional Hermeneuticsmethod will be used.