بیداری اسلامی

West Africa has been the scene of new international developments. With the start of coups against previous governments that were dependent on France since 2010, new developments have taken place in this region. Russia, with the aim of harming French interests in the three countries of Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, fully supported the military coups in these countries. Finally, with Russia playing a key role in the three African countries, France’s withdrawal from these countries occurred in a domino effect. These events paved the way for cooperation between countries such as Russia, China, Turkey, and Iran with the three West African countries. Therefore, before any direct political, economic, and security cooperation, it is necessary and essential to understand the internal developments of these three countries. Since, geopolitically, the three countries share a common border and all three have had common social, political, economic, and security crises, an attempt has been made to analyze and evaluate all three countries in this study. The West African region, especially the countries of Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, is like a powder keg that is exploding every day and at any moment. These countries suffer many human losses due to the activities of extremist groups. In a word, it can be said that this region is one of the most unstable regions in the world. Political, economic and social unrest has dimmed the prospects for peace, stability and development in this region. The countries of Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger are facing multiple crises. These countries suffer from poverty and unemployment, a young population, ethnic and tribal conflicts, fragile states, population growth (within 10 years, the population of this region will double) and food shortages. This painful reality has created a favorable environment for terrorist organizations such as Al-Qaeda and ISIS in the region. Takfiri terrorist groups have created terrorist networks throughout this region; so that this region has become one of the most turbulent regions of the African continent in recent years.

This research, titled "Foreign Policy Strategies of Iran towards the United States after the Islamic Awakening: From Ideological Confrontation to Geopolitical Engagement," analyzes Iran's policies during this period and how they have influenced its regional role and international relations. The main research question is: How has Iran managed to balance its ideological principles with geopolitical requirements in its foreign policy? The hypothesis of this study is that Iran's foreign policy in this period is defined as a combination of ideological confrontation with the United States and purposeful geopolitical engagement, aimed at strengthening its regional strategic interests while maintaining national independence. The research method is descriptive-analytical, utilizing library sources and documented data to conduct a comparative analysis of Iran's policies during this period. The findings of the study show that Iran has leveraged the Islamic Awakening to enhance its ideological role in the region, while also engaging in limited geopolitical interactions, such as the JCPOA (Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action), to alleviate the economic and political pressures resulting from confrontation with the United States. This study emphasizes that Iran's foreign policy is a blend of ideology and realism, adjusted according to changing regional and international conditions.

Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran are two influential regional powers in Lebanon. Since the 1980s, with the formation of Hezbollah, Iran established its influential presence in the political atmosphere of Lebanon, and the Saudis managed to maintain their influence after the Lebanese civil war and with the Taif Agreement. This competition continued silently until 2005 and the assassination of Hariri. But from this year onwards, it started in the form of supporting the March 8 and 14 coalitions, continued in the 33-day war in 2006, and reached its peak with the orientation towards the Islamic awakening in 2011. The main purpose of this research is to study the policies of Saudi Arabia in Lebanon regarding the influence of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the process of Islamic awakening and the axis of resistance. The main question is that: what policies did Saudi Arabia adopt and pursue in Lebanon between 2011 till 2022? The main hypothesis is that Saudi Arabia, by supporting the March 14 movement (Hizb Al-Mustaqbal, Al-Kataib and Al-Quwat al-Lebaaniyyah), has tried to increase its influence in the interior of Lebanon and reduce the influence of the resistance movement and Iran. Using the descriptive-explanatory approach and benefiting from library resources, this research explains the Saudi policy in Lebanon and explains how these policies affect the country's relations with Lebanon and the axis of resistance.

Since not much research has been done regarding the position of women in sustainability literature, it was necessary to introduce an Islamic style woman as a role model to the Muslim women of the world by examining the personality of Seyed Saham Mousavi, the wife of Seyed Abbas Mousavi, the former Secretary General of Hezbollah in Lebanon, based on the components of sustainability. The purpose of this article is to introduce and analyze the personality manifestations of Martyr Seyedah Saham Mousavi in different political, cultural and social dimensions based on the components of sustainability literature to the women of the Islamic society. Target). The most important issue of this research is which of the components of stability has been revealed in the personality of Seyedah Saham Mousavi? (Problem) In this research, the authors analyze the most important components of sustainability that are institutionalized in the character of the hero of the novel "Al-Sosol" with descriptive analytical method (method). The findings of the research show that Mousavi's stake had the most important components of stability at a high level, which are: the need to adjust time and place according to the conditions of the struggle; Trust and the spirit of belief in God in the fight; hope and indomitability; honoring the martyrs; Provincialism and provincialism; forgiveness and giving in the way of resistance and support; Sacrifice in the path of truth(findings).

The conventional image of Sayyid Jamāl al-Dīn Asadābādī portrays him as a figure primarily concerned with Islam and the revival of religion in opposition to modern thought and civilization, with his staunch anti-colonial stance seen within this framework. However, a closer examination of Asadābādī’s surviving documents and works reveals a lesser-known dimension of his thought. This study aims to explore this aspect in Asadābādī’s ideas and writings. The central question is whether Asadābādī’s main focus and concern were the revival of religion and political Islam in the face of modern civilization, or rather the advancement, progress, and overcoming of the backwardness of Muslim societies. Our hypothesis is that significant and undeniable evidence in Asadābādī’s works indicates that he employed Islamism as a tool to improve the dire conditions of Muslim societies and to bridge their developmental gaps in comparison to the West. The research method is analytical-interpretive, relying on library sources; it also utilizes Strauss’s esoteric writing theory for textual interpretation, given the nature of Asadābādī’s theoretical and practical activities. Based on clear indications from some of Asadābādī’s statements in his essays, speeches, letters, as well as a thorough examination of certain works and his socio-political activities, it can be concluded that Jamāl al-Dīn’s primary goal and motivation were not, as commonly believed, the revival of religion or a confrontation with Western thought and civilization, but rather social reform, addressing backwardness, and promoting progress in Muslim communities.

The developments in the Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa, which began in 2010 and reached its peak in 2011 and became known as the Arab Spring or Islamic Awakening, have attracted the attention of most researchers and experts in political issues regarding the causes, contexts, nature, and outcome. These developments have attracted attention. Preliminary investigations show that these developments were caused by the deep dissatisfaction of the people of the Arab countries in the region towards the inefficiency, corruption and systematic and institutionalized injustice in the structural system and agency of their respective governments. The main goal of these protests, which started due to the chronic inefficiency and systematic and institutionalized corruption in the Arab governments, was to change the nature and shape of the relationship between the society and the state in such a way that social power can have a decisive effect on social power, not a situation in which power The political system determined the entire relationship of the social system. These protests faced the reaction of Arab governments and led to the overthrow of political systems in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and Yemen. But in Syria, Jordan, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia, due to the successful adoption and implementation of policies and strategies to manage and contain the crisis, popular protests did not lead to the fall of the government in these countries. Since these crises in this region will affect the security of other actors in the region, it is necessary to address this issue, therefore, in this article, we set our goal to know the current relations between the society and the government in the countries of West Asia and North Africa and to Looking for an answer to this question: "What effect did the social unrest and popular protests of 2010 and 2011 have on the relations between the government and society in the Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa?" This article has used the descriptive-analytical method to answer the research question and to collect data from library and online sources. In this article, social contract theory is used as a theoretical framework. It should be noted that the scope of the research is limited to the countries of Tunisia, Egypt and Libya in North Africa and Yemen, Jordan, Libya, Syria and Saudi Arabia in West Asia. Street protests have become the main way for people to achieve their demands and fight against corruption, injustice and inefficiency in the region of West Asia and North Africa. In the last decade, political-social dissatisfaction and demands for justice have been the driving force of many protest movements in the region of West Asia and North Africa. If we consider the three factors of corruption, inefficiency and injustice as the causes of protests in the region of West Asia and North Africa, considering the existence of these three factors in all the studied countries and even the deterioration of the situation of these factors, it should be said that these factors, The remaining factors of popular protests are also considered and the roots and grounds of protest still exist. In the countries under review, the unemployment rate is high, especially among young people. Meanwhile, the young population in these countries (except Lebanon) is increasing. The population explosion will exacerbate the problem of youth unemployment. Meanwhile, the governments under review have not yet been able to create adequate and adequate job opportunities for young people or improve living conditions for large sections of the population. In addition, public infrastructure, health care, medical, educational and transportation services are not in good condition in these countries. Therefore, the increase in the rate of poverty, unemployment and the spread of inequalities, the feeling of marginalization, injustice and hopelessness are deeply rooted among the people of the countries under review. Widespread corruption and more importantly, the emergence of the perception and feeling of the existence of widespread corruption in the people has led to the increasing mistrust of the society towards the government and government institutions and the emergence of widespread or scattered protests. While social unrest in many societies can lead to the modification or renewal of the social contract, the unrest in West Asia and North Africa did not lead to changes in the relationship between society and the state. The studied governments prevented the conclusion of a social contract between the government and society by suppressing protests or creating relative prosperity or a combination of the two. In some countries such as Lebanon, Iraq and Jordan, governments tried to prevent structural changes by sacrificing agents and changing them in a targeted and controlled manner. In countries such as Tunisia and Egypt, although the bureaucratic system collapsed through nationwide popular protests, the structures remained intact and caused the return of bureaucrats loyal to the previous order. The governments of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain, by adopting the twin policy of repression and creating relative prosperity, prevented the change of structures and agents. In Libya and Yemen, although the structures and agents changed in tandem, due to foreign intervention and internal divisions, a new social contract that would lead to the establishment of an inclusive government was not practically concluded. In Syria, after suppressing protests in its early days, the government promised to reform the existing social contract and changed the country's constitution. But extensive foreign intervention and the presence of takfiri extremists from all over the world failed the reform process. Considering that, on the one hand, due to social protests in the eight studied countries, a new social contract has not been formed between the society and the government, and on the other hand, there are still structural and operational problems in these countries, such as corruption, inefficiency, injustice, etc. It is predicted that popular protests will rise again in the studied countries in the future. In fact, the causes of protests and unrest that ignited the studied countries in 2010 and 2011 are still there, and these countries are susceptible to a new round of popular protests.

The thought and way of looking at the world of nations affects their lifestyle and Iranian society has spent many centuries under the influence of deep thought and ideology. How effective is ideology in the approach of societies and the occurrence of revolutions? And that the ideological view is an obstacle to thinking and transformation and freedom in behavior? Or, on the contrary, is it based on thinking and evolution, which is generative and exalting for societies? It is a controversial issue that, as an answer to the analytical-descriptive method, after referring to the system of fourth-generation revolutions from the perspective of thinkers, the effect of the divine worldview on the occurrence of the Iranian revolution and how to achieve freedom and dismantle the authoritarian system based on thinking and ideology We explain divinely. Iran is one of the revolutionary societies that, while being influenced by the general current of awakening in the past, with its great and lasting ideological revolution, has become a strong explanation for the elevation of Islamic nations. In this article, it is examined that real religious ideology can provide the causes of ideological and political transformation against tyranny and dependence, and Iran's pioneering in confronting tyranny and colonialism was an expression of the high capacity of the spirit of freedom in Iran, and the history of the Islamic Revolution is an explanation. And the main inducer of authoritarianism is in the form of awakening in the Islamic world.

Islamic Awakening is the continuity of “Prophecy/Imamate" and their emergence as a civilization. The research method is "qualitative" based on "descriptive-analytical" data. Objective is applicative and developmental. Data collection was done with library/field methods. SWOT was used for desired strategy. Data analysis was performed via mean-rank method using Friedman test with SPSS and the validity of the research was measured by Cronbach's alpha. The research findings are the result of interviews/questionnaire by 57 Islamic awakening experts: "Karbala paradigm/Ashura culture", "Localization of the Islamic model for the Resistance, the Islamic World and The Oppressed", "Development of technical and infrastructural capacity for Islamic Internet”, “Staffing of local leaders", "Creating unity for Palestinian", "Developing social interactions of the Resistance Front with Muslims/Oppressed", "Correcting the eclectic, extremist and sectarian approaches of Shiites/Sunnis", "Strengthening Muslim world against Infidelity”, "Organizing Scientific Movements in the Islamic World", "Confronting the Cultural NATO/International Zionism in Engineering of Muslim Beliefs", "Exposing, Intelligence Influence of the US, UK and the Zionist Regime over Islamic countries” ; are among the desired strategies within the framework of "Resistance Theory "; and They rely on interaction with" Muslims and The Oppressed”. Keywords: Islamic Revolution, Islamic Awakening, The Oppressed, Theory of Resistance, Strategy.

Islamic awakening refers to the set of intellectual, social and political developments of Islamic societies in the direction of returning to the rule of the Qur'an and Islamic values in political and social life and the building of Islamic civilization, then it spread in other Arab and Islamic countries, and today its effects can be seen at the international level. Mustafa Sadegh Al-Rafi, a committed and revolutionary Egyptian poet and writer, Rafi's poems are in the field of Islamic awakening and in the form of various political and social topics such as: choosing Islam as the ideology of struggle, trying to establish Islamic government, the, opposition dominant groups and calling for promoting awareness. (Question) The present research, conducted with the descriptive-analytical method and using library sources (method), came to the conclusion that the poet, in order to expand and promote the Islamic awakening movement and institutionalize it as an effective factor to deal with tyranny and colonialists and their norm-breaking behaviors, he has taken advantage of the various components of Islamic awakening, including topics such as education and education of the young generation, self-confidence and faith in God, seriousness and perseverance, increasing knowledge and rendering service to the homeland, intelligence. By addressing such new issues that are rooted in religion, the poet shows his religious and political commitment to the Islamic society and its awakening. (findings).

After the Islamic awakening in Tunisia, the collapse of the dictatorship of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, the President of this country and the formation of a democratic and parliamentary political system, the two influential political factions in this country began to cooperate and converge with each other. The Ennahda movement, as the most important political trend in Tunisia, played a decisive role in political developments and other parties, including secular parties, welcomed the formation of a coalition government with the Ennahda. The participation of Islamists with the opposition (secular) parties in Tunisia and the formation of coalition governments was successful at first, but with the intensification of the differences between the two political factions, did not continue and reached a dead end. In this research work, the reasons for persuading Islamists and secular parties to form a coalition government and then refusing to do so are investigated. The question of the article is what were the grounds of the initial political alliance between Islamists and secularists after the Islamic awakening in Tunisia and why did this alliance collapse? The hypothesis of this research shows that "Al-Ghannoushi and the leaders of the Ennahda movement towards moderate Islam and democracy made it possible to form a coalition and political partnership with the opposition (secular) parties, but the disagreement over the approval of the constitution and the activities of the Salafist groups made these two factions refuse to form a coalition, which resulted in the formation of an authoritarian political system in this country. This article is a theoretical research that was written by studying primary sources such as books and articles, and data collection was based on the library method.

The recent wave of Islamic awakening, which has covered a large part of the Islamic world since the beginning of the 2010s, caused new models of governance in the Islamic countries. The most rigid model of governance has been presented by the Neosalafi movement, which has resulted in the development of violence in the Islamic countries. This violence has had different effects on different dimensions of security in the Islamic countries in the age of Islamic awakening, which can be analyzed in the form of the concept of human security. In this context, the main question of this research is that what effect did the spread of NeoSalafiism during the Islamic awakening have on human security in Islamic countries? (Issue). The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and library and internet information collection tool (method). The results of the research show that the expansion of the activities of Neosalafi currents in Islamic countries after the Islamic awakening, various aspects of human security in these countries have been weakened in the fields of economy, health, personal security, political security and environmental security. Therefore, the growth of Neoalafiism can be conceptualized as an important element in weakening of Islamic awakening (Findings)

The place as a meaningful structure in inducing the ideas of stability and Islamic awakening has been noticed by contemporary poets. This phenomenon, which has existed in literary works for a long time, plays a significant role in sustainability poems today. Khazar Muhammad Abu Juhjuh is one of the poets of the stable and was born in Palestine. In composing his poems, he has put the place and its different dimensions as a means of conveying and highlighting the concepts of sustainability. (Problem) The present essay aims to explain the functions of the element of place in the representation of the ideas of stability and Islamic awakening in the ode "Lel Aqsa Anzefo Shaghafi" by Khezr Mohammad Abu Johjouh, using a descriptive-analytical method, and from this passage, literary and national purposes To examine the poet's adherence to meaningful spatial phenomena. (Method) In the mentioned ode, Abu Jahjuh's intellectual approach with the focus on sustainability is generally visible, and the "place" element in his poem with political, religious, historical, national and natural colors, inculcating concepts such as authority and glory , in order to achieve this, it aims to convey ideas through image schemas derived from simile, metaphor and irony, as well as literary mechanisms such as exaggerated description, highlighting concepts and allusions to historical places and events. and provide a better understanding of sustainability concerns for the audience (findings).

The developments known as the Arab Spring began in 2011 with the popular uprising of Tunisia in the Horn of Africa and quickly spread to other countries in the region and led to dramatic changes in the political and social structures of some countries in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. In the meantime, in particular, the country of Saudi Arabia, which has a closed system of the royal type, considered its existence to be seriously exposed to the damage caused by this wave of transformation in both domestic and foreign spheres. As Umm al-Qari, the Islamic world has defined the continuity, expansion of its presence and influence in the region, and specifically "Syria and Yemen" in line with the strategic interests of Iran, as a result of which the emotional and non-constructive reaction in It appeared before the This country, which is known for adopting conservative policies in its foreign policy, has tried to protect its interests, expand its influence in the region and maintain its position as the leader of the Islamic world by adopting an aggressive approach. In this article, the author tries to is to compare the foreign policy of Saudi Arabia in the crisis of Yemen and Syria by using the approach of aggressive realism. The findings of the research show that: "The two countries of Syria and Yemen are the focus of strategic competition between the two countries, Saudi Arabia by transferring terrorist groups "Takfiri to Syria and direct attack on Yemen has appeared in the role of an actor in the atmosphere of conflict, and with an aggressive dynamic approach, it is acting in maximum conflict with the strategic interests of J.A. Iran".Middle East developments

A decade has passed since the Arab Spring or Islamic Awakening (2011-2023) in West Asia, but this region is still facing social crises, and it can be acknowledged that crises are always one of the most serious challenges facing the governments of this region. This article with a descriptive-analytical method seeks to answer the question of why the crises of the Islamic world are still going on after a decade of Islamic awakening? The hypothesis of the article is that the unwillingness of governments to change the system of power has led to the spread of crises in the Islamic world since the formation of the Islamic awakening until now (in four countries). The general result of the article shows that what has caused social crises to be stable in the region for more than ten years is the lack of transformative changes in the relations between the government and the society. Social problems that have led to widespread crises in the region still exist in most countries besides, governments do not want to share their power with the people, and this course of developments has provided calls for social crises in this region. The method of data collection was library, using specialized magazines and reliable internet sources.

In the last few centuries in the Islamic world, Islamic awakening campaigns have led to huge movements at different periods of time by reformists and Muslim nations.  Since 2010 Islamic awakening which is the starting point Tunisia and the overthrow of its dictatorial system by Zain al-Abdin bin Ali caused many of the Arab dictatorial political systems in the Islamic world to undergo domino-like transformation and collapse. In some countries, these uprisings were accompanied by violent suppression of political systems, and in some other countries, despite the presence of conditions for the desired outcome of these uprisings, these movements did not reach their ultimate goal, which is to change for the benefit of nations and establishment of democratic systems. One of the reasons for the failure of the Islamic awakening is the identity conflicts and divergences, the roots of which go back to historical and sociological issues in the Islamic world. The present study, with a descriptive-analytical approach, intends to answer these questions, what are the roots of identity conflicts and divergences in the Islamic world from the perspective of historical sociology; how these conflicts have affected the deviation of Islamic awakening in the last decade in the Islamic world. The research results show the petrified readings of religion and the growth of religious extremism, Arab ethnicity and sectarianism, the influence of foreign ideas in the Islamic world and the growth of eclectic thinking, the weakness of rationality in creating a common religious identity and existence conflict between national and religious loyalties, etc. are among the most important roots and influential factors in identity conflicts and deviation in Islamic awakening.

One of the challenges of Islamic awakening is to understand more Islamic basics with the aim of improving the social, political and cultural situation of Islamic societies. Therefore, Islamic awakening requires the creation of a solid culture for the management of society, and provincial management can be one of its goals (problem). This research is of a mixed type. In the qualitative part, using semi-structured interviews of experts and thematic analysis method, four main components out of 11 components identified from the Holy Quran, hadiths and books were extracted to identify provincial management strategies. In the quantitative part, using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed, it was used to check the correlation coefficients between the indicators of provincial management strategies and human resources development. In order to achieve this, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among high school teachers. To analyze data from spss software and tables of frequency, mean and standard deviation and at the level of inferential statistics, Kolmogorov Smironov test, one-sample t-test, regression and Sobel test were used for mediating variables (method). In the study of provincial management strategies for the development of human resources, the four strategies of anti-authoritarianism, religious democracy, provision of public interest and active political participation have the highest weights, respectively, and the variable of responsibility has shown an influential role as a mediating variable more than performance(findings).

The Islamic awakening movements during the years 2010 and 2011 raised alarm bells for some governments of the Arab world, which often suffered from political stagnation due to the authoritarianism of the ruling regime and were always afraid of any large-scale changes in their surroundings, especially changes from above and uprisings. People were very scared, he shouted. Although these developments in the short term could not create deep and structural changes equally and fundamentally in all countries, but they were able to provide the grounds for the fall of the government in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, which ignored the emerging developments, and in some countries The protest gatherings brought a wave of changes from above by the governments and led to a structural review of the policies applied to the citizens. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this article addressed the question of what reasons for the formation of the Islamic Awakening Movement and what consequences did it have in Arab countries? (Issue) In response to this hypothesis, it was proposed that the deterioration of the economic situation, the Islamic nature of the movement, the role of the media and the structure of the government played a large role in the formation of the movement, and so far there have been consequences strengthening the resistance front, There has been a new region and the reproduction of Shiite power in the region (findings).

The protest movement began in Tunisia in late 2010. It became the pattern of Arab societies' practice and quickly overthrew other Arab countries. These social-political developments, with the disintegration character, led to the overthrow of Hosni Mubarak in Egypt; But in Syria, there is a unique characteristic that did not fit the concepts expressed by Islamic awakening scholars in the Muslim world. Therefore, the necessity to review the developments of these two countries and study their similarities and differences as a research issue was reinforced again. Aimed at a comparative study of the Egyptian -Syrian protest movement, in the structural and institutional changes, the role of scholars and elites and people, violent or peaceful, the interference of the foreigners, and the results, this study has taken into account the question that if the Egyptian protests in comparison to the events of Syria are similar or different on the components of Islamic awakening. The hypothesis of the article states that achieving different results in Syria and Egypt is due to the difference in the components of Islamic awakening. The subject was done using a comparative-comparable study method using valid library and internet resources. The findings based on the conceptual framework of the research indicate that Egyptian developments, due to dictatorship reasons, Mubarak's strong dependence on the West and its relationship with the Zionist regime, have been similar to the indicators of Islamic awakening; Despite the preceding protests and based on the Syrian government independence from the Western-Arab axis and acting on the front of the Zionist regime, Syria has been managed from abroad. As a result, Egyptian developments have been close to the concept of Islamic awakening and its common components; But in Syria, there are a lot of differences with these indicators

The Middle East region experienced various revolutions and protests after the 2011 Tunisian revolution. The country of Yemen is one of these cases that experienced the phenomenon of revolution to some extent during the revolutions of Islamic countries. Yemen has a strategic position for the Islamic Republic of Iran due to its  geopolitic location and its large population of Shiites. In order to analyze and understand the Yemeni revolution more, it is necessary to deal with the events of 2011 in that country from the perspective of different theories. This research, with descriptive-analytical method and using library resources, seeks to answer the question: To what extent are the contexts and factors of the 2011 Yemeni revolution compatible with Chalmers Johnson's theory? The main hypothesis of this research is based on the fact that Chalmers Johnson's theory can help to understand some of the revolutionary factors of 2011 in Yemen. The findings of the research show that out of the three factors of the revolution from Johnson's point of view, only two factors, imbalance and acceleration-producing factors, are applicable to the revolutionary developments in Yemen.