تاب آوری

Supplying water and sewage and water services in general is one of the basic needs for human well-being. Municipal water services include water treatment and distribution, wastewater collection, treatment and return to natural waters; Also, directing surface water is one of the other urban water services that cannot be easily controlled and requires guidance from different professions, especially crisis management and water management. The above issues are among the main issues of urban water management in the world, but their importance varies depending on the climatic, political, environmental, economic and water resources conditions of the country and region. The city of Ahvaz suffered a lot from the flooding of the Karun river and the water flowing in the street after the rain in the winter season and the beginning of the spring season. becomes a city; In this regard, this applied research has evaluated the resilience of Ahvaz municipality region 7 against surface runoff with a descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this research is the residents of the region, and using Cochran's formula, 382 questionnaires were distributed among people. In order to analyze the results, the one-sample T-test was used in SPSS and the structural equation method was used in the AMOS software environment. The results of the statistical analysis of this research show that the resilience of region 7 of Ahvaz municipality is in an unfavorable state in terms of physical and infrastructure, institutional, environmental and economic indicators, and only the social resilience of the region is in a favorable state.

Organizational resilience as an effective component, besides contributing to the successful performance of the organization; in critical situations of various organizations, including intelligence-security apparatuses, enables them to manage assigned missions and related challenges. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to identify effective structural factors in improving the organizational resilience of the employees of intelligence society. The current research is of qualitative type and mixed method (contextual case, exploratory), which is intended to achieve the final goal after combining the collected data with the field findings and investigating them. In this research, the views of 10 elite experts in the organizational field were combined with the results obtained from a field survey of 192 people from the statistical population of the employees of intelligence society, and using the descriptive method, the factors were ranked by the Friedman test. Despite  the problems such as the location of the research environment in the field of an intelligence-security apparatus and the limitations associated with this issue, the final result shows the effectiveness of the factors of correct and efficient selection, mutual commitment (common loyalty of the individual and the organization to each other), efficient and effective reward system (punishment and encouragement), and efficient organizational structure (in the structural dimension), in promoting the organizational resilience of the employees of intelligence-security collections.

Recent wars have shown that the first targets to be attacked will be air defense systems, command and control centers (as the mastermind of systems in the command and management of the battlefield) and then vital and sensitive centers. Resilience is one of the most important features of command and control centers from the point of view of passive defense, and the air defense network must always act in a coherent, strong and "resilient" manner in crisis situations. The purpose of the research is to introduce the effective factors on improving the resilience of the command and control centers of the J.A. Army in the face of air threats. The type of research is applied and its method is descriptive with a mixed approach. The statistical population includes commanders and experienced command and control staff, which is 225 people, and the sample population was determined by stratified random method and using Cochran's formula. Data analysis was done through a questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha was used for the reliability of the questionnaire and Friedman's test was used to reach a logical conclusion in order to prioritize the factors. The results of the research show that effective and accurate air defense operations always require the existence of coherent, efficient and dynamic command and control centers, and the optimal resilience of command and control centers will bring the durability and effectiveness of air defense operations. The lower the level of vulnerability and impact of a system in front of the threat and the higher its reversibility in the threat environment, the more resilient it will be. In the end, 33 factors were identified and prioritized in relation to the effective factors on improving the resilience of command and control centers against air attacks.

The main purpose of the current research is to provide a model for improving the resilience of jihadist groups.

Design/methodology/approach:

 In terms of method, this research is an applied research, and in the first step, it was conducted qualitatively using the grounded theory method of the foundation data. The statistical population of the research consists of experts, senior managers and decision-makers of the country who have executive experience in the field of grassroots institutions and jihadi groups in the country's macro-management sector. In the second step, the Dimetal method was used to determine the type and degree of influence of the components on each other.

The results of the implementation and analysis of the interviews conducted with subject matter experts show the impact of 14 core categories on enhancing the resilience of jihadist groups. 14 core categories consist of 66 subcategories and 255 conceptual codes. The most effective categories according to Dimtel's method are: spiritual motivations, revolutionary manager and members, having an independent identity, correct management and planning, combined jihadi groups, promotion of mental and physical health, resilience training, fulfilling the wishes of jihadi groups, permanent recruitment Force, culture building, updating Jihad methods, raising awareness among the people of the target area, popular participation, sustainable financial resources.

Finally, based on the obtained model, the central category, causal conditions, contextual conditions, strategic conditions, and intervening factors and the consequences of enhancing resilience in jihadist groups were extracted from the texts of the interviews.

Social resilience, which refers to the capacity and power of community members, social groups, and communities in facing and fighting with adversities and the possibility of overcoming hardships; It is connected with other social concepts and while being affected by them and has an effect on them. By asking the question, "What role did the reduction of social resilience have in the emergence of the unrest in the fall of 1401 in the Islamic Republic of Iran?", the present research has investigated the role of the reduction of social resilience in the formation and occurrence of the unrest in the fall of 1401 in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research has collected relevant data using the documentary method and analyzed the collected data by adopting the case study method and in the framework of trend analysis. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of social resilience in the formation of social unrest in the fall of 1401 in the Islamic Republic of Iran; the negative effect of social resilience components; As social capital, political participation, public trust, the pressure of imposed political and economic sanctions, the qualitative level of social resilience has been considered. The lack of the mentioned components, on the one hand, has reduced the quality level of social resilience and has become the basis for the creation of some of the causes of social unrest in the fall of 1401 in the Islamic Republic.

The use of gas energy covers a very wide range of industrial, power plant, commercial and domestic uses, and this wide range of interconnected activities that take place at different stages of production, transmission and distribution in the field of the gas network faces various risks. The supply chain of the gas industry has three basic parts: production, transmission and distribution, and each of these three parts has its own challenges. One of the most important challenges in the supply chain management of the gas industry is the issue of resilience and continuity of gas production, transmission and distribution, and this issue is of vital importance for the country.
Resilience and continuity in each of the three sectors play a strategic and essential role in the country's stability. In addition to identifying the effective factors on improving the resilience and continuity of production, transmission and distribution of the gas network, the present research has focused on prioritizing the strengths and opportunities that are effective on the research. This research is practical in terms of purpose, qualitative and quantitative in terms of the type of data, and case-specific in terms of implementation. The statistical population includes 50 people with special characteristics for the distribution of the questionnaire and the expert community consists of 12 experts. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure the reliability of the tool. At first, 48 strength and opportunity factors were carefully examined. Then, by combining and reducing as well as prioritizing the factors, 40 strength and opportunity factors were prioritized using the Friedman test, and finally suggestions were presented in line with the research topic.

During the last one or two decades, with the increase in crises, the resilience of cities and regions against natural and human hazards has received particular attention. The aim of this research is the spatial analysis of the components affecting the urban resilience of the metropolis of Tehran (the political and economic capital of Iran) in the form of ecological indicators and identifying the most important factors affecting them. In this research, firstly, indicators in 7 categories include water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution in the GIS software environment using resilience state overlay tools. It showed the areas. The future research discussion of this article consists of two parts. In the first part, in order to create a base of existing primary factors about the components of spatial resilience, from the environmental scanning technique (examination of articles and printed sources, interviews with experts, and monitoring of conventions and conferences) and review of the literature background. In the second part, experts and elites were asked to identify the most important factors affecting the ecological resilience of the environment within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and Mic Mac software was used for data analysis. The findings showed that the spatial analysis of the resilience of Tehran city in the ecological dimension of the environment is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram. Based on the findings, the variables of fault zones and earthquake intensity, drought, establishment of production and industrial resources (power plants and industries), proximity of risk centers, soil quality, quality and quantity of water reserves, environmental pollution, threats of geomorphological origin (landslide, subsidence) and..) has the highest influencing factor on the ecological dimension of the resilience of Tehran city.

Today, societies are trying to achieve conditions that will provide them with a quick return to the pre-crisis situation in case of various accidents and damages. Therefore, in recent studies particular emphasis has been placed on resilience and the promotion of resilience against various accidents and crises has become an important and broad field, so the simultaneous and mutual movement of sustainable development and increasing resilience is currently being discussed. Urban resilience is one of the most important and key approaches that guarantee the survival of human settlements. Unfortunately, in recent years, the vulnerability of Iranian cities to unexpected incidents and accidents has increased, which has made the need for foresight in this field even more important. The ever-increasing speed of changes in the first decade of the 21st century has led to the emergence of an era called uncertainty and has placed an environment full of opportunities and threats in front of the current complex systems. In this unstable and rapidly changing environment, the traditional tools of planning will not be responsible for the medium and long term. During the last two centuries, and especially from the 20th century until now, a completely different approach has emerged in urban and regional planning, but the nature of planning, i.e. purposefulness, systematicity, and having future guidelines, remains intact. The important point is that the type of attitude and intellectual foundations that prevailed in different times have changed in the category of planning, which has caused the creation of different styles in planning. One of these approaches is planning based on the future research scenario. The importance of the issue comes from the fact that the city of Tehran has a population of 8,693,706 people, and this city, as the capital and the first metropolis of Iran, faces many challenges, including the ever-increasing population and the subsequent abnormal development of the urban body (in the event of an earthquake, witnessing a human disaster and fewer casualties in the world) we will be). The purpose of this article is to evaluate the spatial resilience of Tehran city from an ecological perspective and to provide suggestions and solutions by examining the current situation.

In terms of the purpose, the research is of an applied type, which was carried out by a descriptive-analytical method based on documentary library studies and field investigations. Considering the nature of the data and the impossibility of controlling the behavior of the effective variables in the problem, this research was of a non-experimental type and was carried out within the framework of the case-analytic model. The investigated community was the statistical block and all urban and residential uses of Tehran city, and the main data was obtained mainly by using the data of the urban blocks of the Iranian Statistics Center and the available documents, including the comprehensive and detailed plan. Available information layers, field observations, targeted questioning of municipal experts, and specific data produced in the software environment of the GIS geographic information system, as well as document and library study, have provided another part of the required information for the article. To achieve the objectives of the research, indicators in 7 categories including water transfer reservoirs, waste collection centers, water and wastewater treatment centers, green use and parks, brown and barren lands, fault lines, and air pollution based on existing land use studies and revision The detailed plan of Tehran city areas was extracted. In the following, for the spatialization of the studied indicators at the level of the texture of the regions, the method (Tracking Analyst Tools) has been used in the network analysis process (Spline Tools) in the ArcGIS software environment. In the second part, experts and elites (25 people) were asked to identify the most important components affecting Determining environmental-ecological resilience within the next 10 years. Finally, 18 variables were determined by Delphi, and MIC MAC software is used for data analysis.

In the analysis of the effect-dependency matrix, it is necessary to pay attention to the arrangement and ecological spatial distribution of the metropolis of Tehran with the model of future research in the framework of Figure 5(t). The pattern of this distribution will have a very direct relationship with the stability or instability of the environmental-ecological resilience system in the Tehran metropolis with a forward-looking approach; In such a way that stable systems, while having indicators with a high degree of influence and effectiveness, the variables also have a normal distribution in other levels of the diagram.
And in unstable systems, the distribution of variables does not have the same normal pattern, and most of the indicators tend to be high or low. Therefore, according to the analysis, it can be found that the environmental-ecological resilience system of the Tehran metropolis is in an unstable state by considering the effect-dependency analysis diagram, and it indicates the instability of the influencing variables and the continuity of their influence on other variables. Each of the variables is placed in a certain place in the diagram according to the degree of influence. According to Figure 5(t), the position of the variables in the diagram indicates their status in the system and their role in the dynamics and evolution of the system in the future.

The results of the evaluation, while at a high level, comply with the realities surrounding urban resilience in Tehran, in such a way that in the framework of prospective studies and by using the scenario approach, it is possible to measure the general state of resilience, and model Its stability or instability was also found from how the variables are spatially distributed on the level of graphs and figures output from Mic Mac software. Also, the almost high percentage of the filling factor (98%) in the research variables confirms the validity and reliability of the research tools at an almost high level.
The information obtained from Figure 5(p) confirms the fact that ecological environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis is unstable and in such a way that the continuation of the current situation will lead to the formation of a disaster scenario and in the best case, if the current situation continues, the environmental resilience in Tehran metropolis and the continuation of the current drought situation, limited attention to the water resources management situation, the continuation of the current unfavorable situation and the destruction of the region's ecosystem, the ecological pressure on the resources, the continuation of the current situation of planning to improve the state of land use management and the growth of incompatible industrial uses within the regions which will ultimately lead to the continuation of the unfavorable situation of instability.

The question and idea of the present article is a mixture of the attitude of resilient social drivers against the earthquake crisis; A matter that is colored by the increase in the population of urbanization and urban development, so that in this way the organizations in charge of urban management pay attention to the management of the earthquake crisis. At the same time, the dimensions of this problem have been expanding, and one of its characteristics is the conflict between the drivers involved in organizing this phenomenon, which has increased its importance; Therefore, the aim of the research was to apply this concept to the geographical context of Tabriz metropolis, so that by identifying the parameters that affect the resilience of the region against the risk of earthquake, it can analyze the path of access to it. Based on the purpose, the current research is in the category of applied research, in terms of its nature and method, it is a descriptive-analytical research. The statistical population of the current research includes experts in the field of crisis management and urban resilience, based on the opinions of 35 experts who are available and familiar with crisis management and urban resilience, the final questionnaire is entered into the Micmac software and the SWAT method is used to identify the key points of knowing the factors in It is used to achieve social resilience in the identified susceptible areas of Tabriz metropolis. The results of the research showed that knowledge and social awareness, education and skills, and ability and access to services are the most important drivers for creating resilient communities in Tabriz. It is very important to use the power of awareness in the direction of active participation to deal with natural disasters such as earthquakes and increase resilience. Why, if people have enough knowledge and skills and are empowered, we can hope that when an earthquake occurs, they will be able to save their lives and those of their loved ones by reacting and behaving appropriately, and will suffer less physical, financial and emotional damage.

Resilience, which is defined by less vulnerability and more flexibility, faster and more responsive to conditions, and less vulnerability, goes deeper into conceptual areas. Considering the applicability of the objectives of the present paper, explaining the spatial effects of regional equilibrium on regional resilience is the aim of this research. With this description, the strategic question is, to what extent has regional equilibrium been effective in regional resilience? A deductive strategy based on quantitative methodology was used to answer the research question. In this regard, the study’s statistical population, a total of 30 experts and scientific-executive elites working in scientific societies and development institutions, was chosen as a sample using a stratified and systematic sampling method and based on sampling logic. The data collection was done based on a field method, using a researcher-made questionnaire, a data analysis tool, and an inferential method based on the fit indices of the measurement model, structural model, and Smart PLS software. The results show that the indicators of the measurement model are regional equilibrium (6 indices), regional equilibrium (9 indices), and regional resilience (8 indices) with a factor load higher than 0.40, and the data confirm the model. In the study structural model, the accuracy of the relationship between the study structural/latent variables was examined based on the statistics (T-value), which was higher than 1.96%. The intensity of the relationship based on the coefficient of determination (R2) and the measure of impact size (F2) between endogenous and exogenous variables has shown that the relationship between regional equilibrium and regional resilience is confirmed with the accuracy of 0.6%, intensity, and the relationship between the regional equilibrium and regional resilience with the accuracy of 0.65%. Also, the goodness of fit (GOF) = 0.47 of model showed that the model has a strong fit, and the data confirm the study experimental model.

In order to face external pressures and sanctions, resistance economy was introduced as an effective strategy by the leader of the revolution as an approach that can guarantee the consistency and strength of the internal structure of the country. In the current research, in the framework of the principles and foundations of resistance economy, it was tried to extract and explain the components of resistant people based on the leader`s sayings. With regard to the goal, the research method is qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. The results show that, based on the statements of the leadership, for stability and resistance for establishing the principles of resistance economy, the model of a resistant man consists of four main categories and eight sub-categories, including belief (piety and trust), cognitive (insight and independent identity), psychological (self-confidence and hope for the future) and behavioral (avoidance of extravagance, persistence). Strengthening these categories in the individual layers of society can help to institutionalize the components of resistance economy.

Resilience in start-ups is a challenging issue that has caught the attention of policymakers and business owners. The present study is an attempt to provide a model for designing the resilience model of start-up businesses as a path to the future of start-up businesses.

This research is practical in terms of purpose and from the perspective of data collection is a qualitative research that has been done by content analysis method. The data collection method is semi-structured interview. Interviews with participants continued until they reached the theoretical saturation point, which was achieved by conducting 15 interviews. Participants were selected by snowball and purposeful method and data analysis was done through three coding steps (open, axial, selective) with MAXQDA2020 software.

Based on the research results, the components of "cognitive resilience, financial resilience, adaptive resilience" as well as the effective organizational factors of "precedent, drivers and boys and resilience consequences" were identified. In this research, foresight and futures studies were identified as the drivers of resilience of start-up businesses.

Resilience enables businesses to respond effectively to the dynamic conditions of their environment and maximize their competencies through strategic foresight and as a result gain more value than their competitors in the field of business. In this regard, the integration of foresight in the process of business resilience can be suggested as a facilitator of drivers.

The method that has been used in this study is an applied research method in terms of the purpose, a qualitative method considering data and it is a data-driven approach regarding the method for conducting research. The statistical population of this study in the qualitative section includes all experts and managers of the Export Development Bank of Iran in the year 1399 (Solar Hijri Calendar equals to 2019-2020) . Considering the sampling method from the desired community, it was purposeful and Snowball sampling method. Based on this type of sampling method, 21 people were selected as the sample. Furtheremore, in the quantitative part, the population of this study was all employees of the branches of the Export Development Bank of Iran in the mentioned year (1399 SH) in a way that based on the Cochran's formula, 250 people were selected as the sample for this investigation. A data-driven approach was used for data analysis by using SPSS and AMOS software. The results of this study were about the validation of the organizational resilience model in the banking network in the conditions of sanctions. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the values of contextual factors, causal conditions, intervening conditions and strategies and interactions on organizational resilience

As one of the most important factors of life, water is one of the commonly uses of humans and has affected their life. Drinking water supply infrastructures are considered one of important infrastructures and both in normal and emergency conditions is a vital part of lifelines. This extra and unprecedented sensitivity is result of increasing demand and scarcity of water resources with appropriate quantity and quality. Now, with the emergence of natural disasters including drought and climate change in our country, the enemy can incite people against the government and sovereignty by abusing these threats and carrying out hostile actions such as psychological operations and creating disruption or eliminating the functioning of drinking water infrastructures to achieve their goals faster and with better results. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to drinking water infrastructure to increase resilience against threats with the approach of homeland security.This study aims to identify components and indicators of resilience of the country's drinking water infrastructure and seeks to find an answer to the question "resilience of the country's drinking water infrastructure with the approach of passive defense ". It is an applied and developmental study with mixed approach, which was carried out using the survey method and expert experiences. In order to achieve the goals of this research, first the most important components and indicators affecting the resilience of the country's drinking water infrastructure is identified by reviewing the research literature, upstream documents, conducting interviews and hold meetings with experts, and then by collecting data and with using structural equations method, the proposed framework was designed through a questionnaire and was presented to the available statistical population of 73 people in a purposeful manner and finally the final research model was presented.Data analysis using structural equations method and based on research findings show that the robustness components (with a path coefficient of 0.684) has the highest effect on the resilience of drinking water infrastructure in the country and after that, the recovery components (with a path coefficient of 0.473), preparedness components (with a path coefficient of 0.416) and stability components (with a path coefficient of 0.306) respectively have the greatest impact.

Due to the occurrence of Covid-19epidemic &thecreation of conditions contrary to the normal routine of life,examining the effects of the presence of this virus worldwide &methods of managing this crisis can pave the way for studies &planning in these conditions. Due to the dispersion in the approaches andissues raised in this field &the lack of integration in the structure andorder in the results of these studies;The present article is based on a meta-analysis strategy. 45 articles,according to theopinions of experts,were the basis of the present study.The results ofthe research indicate the need to create resilience in different parts of theworld due to the increase in disasters &epidemics.Information &spatial technology is an effective step towards controlling &managing this crisis by collecting spatial data &providing information using spatial counters andinformation software.Also,most of thearticles donot offer practical suggestions &solutions;Therefore,basic research is needed to obtain sufficient knowledge andapplied research to achieve the desired solutions.

National resilience is one of the issues that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years; One of the research concerns of political scientists has been the extent to which international systems can withstand international pressures and based on what indicators they can withstand and how they can return to their systemic equilibrium. Considering the application of a complex system of international sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran, this article seeks to examine the factors influencing the country's national resilience in the international arena.For this purpose, using the thematic analysis method, the existing literature was examined and all existing works in the field of research, including books, articles and doctoral thesis, were examined, which according to three indicators: The scientific validity of the place of publication, 17 research works were selected and studied.The findings of this study indicate that the basic components of Iran's resilience to the International Sanctions Organization are the three areas of discourse, Iran's actions and the environmental characteristics of the international system. The main claim of this study is that each of these components has strong and constructive aspects, as well as reducing and destructively affecting national resilience. Economic, strengthening good governance, strengthening military deterrence, strengthening social capital, strengthening resistance discourse, making maximum use of multilateralist capacities in the international system, and weakening aspects of national resilience such as the spread of corruption in the national economy, and Western coalition power against Iran Find.