جهانی شدن

The political aspect of globalization has its own importance because it affects the nation-state system and has been raised since the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648. As a result of globalization, the borders of the states have disappeared due to the introduction of information technology. TV channels have destroyed the "Iron Curtain". Political globalization "may create a more peaceful world order and reduce the propensity for violent conflict by limiting the capacity and autonomy of states. As a result of globalization,  to the introduction of information technology. TV channels have destroyed the "Iron Curtain". Political globalization "may create a more peaceful world order and reduce the propensity for violent conflict by limiting the capacity and autonomy of states. Globalization is a process that has emerged following some global developments and scientific and technical developments in the field of communication and media and the facilitation and intensification of relations and interactions between nations in various fields. This flow has involved human societies in common and comprehensive issues and various challenges in a comprehensive way in social, economic, political and cultural dimensions and has made man face a changing, fluid, confusing, permeable and indeterminate and unfamiliar and borderless and uncontrollable world, and It is complicated. The present research was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis of the effects of the globalization process on political culture and with a descriptive-analytical approach in order to answer the question of how the sociological analysis of the effects of the globalization process on political culture is and the findings of the research indicate that The results of identifying the effects of the globalization process indicate that a set of components in the form of educational (cultural), social, economic and political dimensions can indicate the effects of globalization. Categories related to these dimensions in the cultural field can include education during office hours; laying the groundwork for growth and development; virtual training workshops; participation in educational decisions and evaluations; the process of internationalization of education; educational quality and improvement of teaching processes; freedom of action in education; Equipping and training skilled and trained workforce.

The current research was conducted with the aim of sociological analysis of the effects of the globalization process on political culture from the perspective of Iranian women (1402-1392). In this research, a qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenological method were used, and its statistical population consisted of working women between 20 and 50 years of age during the years 2012 to 2014. In this regard, 12 people were interviewed using the purposeful sampling method. Data collection was done through in-depth semi-structured interviews and the obtained data were analyzed using the foundational data theory and the three-step coding method of Strauss and Corbin (1990). Based on the results obtained, 11 main categories (increasing awareness, challenging traditional norms, educational opportunities, economic security, pressure for legal reforms, cultural exchange, changes in political participation, social activism, information sharing, gender equality and discovering latent talents) They were recognized in the form of 4 educational-cultural, social, economic and political dimensions and 50 codes. The findings support the theoretical view that globalization has had an impact on traditional beliefs, social and political issues, cultural exchanges, cultural homogenization, national identity, digital activism, educational opportunities, and their level of awareness. In fact, according to the results, the phenomenon of globalization is a force that has helped women to be protected from harm in the field of political and social rights.

The relationship between tradition and modernity significantly affects society, culture and development discoursee. This research examines the three critical views of tradition as imitation, transmission and transformation, and along with the analysis of their influencing components, it obtains the coordinates of development in effective connection with historical achievements. The main question and goal of this research is the coordinates of Iran's economic development in the era of globalization according to the development plan. Development is a multi-dimensional process that has evolved over time with conceptual challenges and has undergone various dimensions to complete the word. One of its important dimensions is attention to social justice in the framew-agricultural private sector in Iran, which is less industrial and traditional. Dispersion and decentralization of industries to achieve lower income inequality between provinces will create a level of loss, but less loss than in Western countries. Large wage variations explained by economic geography can cause significant internal migration, beyond what is seen in Western countries. In fact, significant internal migration has been observed in Iran in recent years. In fact, the coordinates of Iran's economic development according to the development plan can be pointed out in components such as the lack of balance, disregard for regional and global requirements, the dominance of political and non-scientific views on development, and the lack of long-term strength in the plans.

In the post-Cold War era, western liberal governments gradually became more inclined to use the economic sanctions against opposing states, considering the experiences they gained from the costly wars of the Cold War period. This process affected the international order in different ways. Despite the various motivations that have been announced about sanctions, most of them have been established in order to protect the liberal international order. The positive effect of sanctions on international security and consequently the stability of the liberal order could not be denied. But at the same time, there have been consequences that indicate the complexity of the effects of sanctions. The question of the article is the effects of the expansion of Western economic sanctions in the post-Cold War era on the liberal international order. The primary answer is that the expansion of economic sanctions has had a dual impact on the liberal international order. They have helped to strengthen the liberal order, but at the same time, they create losses in the long run. This research has carried out with mixed methods research.

The Middle East, like other regions of the world, based on the characteristics arising from its history, tradition, value system, and of course its own political structures, is bound to face the reality of globalization as a process of interaction between micro and macro players in the global arena and in economic, social, and political dimensions. And it has been cultural. Especially since a significant part of the requirements of development and macro policies in the region have necessarily been intertwined and related to the issues and issues related to the reality of globalization. The result of the influence of various socio-political forces inside, the regulation of foreign policy, the diversification of economic capacities, and finally the management of security, political, economic and social consequences have been part of the headlines of the governments of the region facing the reality of globalization after 1990. Kuwait and Jordan, as two pioneer kingdoms in the region, faced the globalization process directly. Based on this, in this research, we are trying to answer the question, how has the mutual influence of development and globalization been in the two countries of Kuwait and Jordan? The authors of the article, rely on a comparative and comparative method and focus on the two governments of Kuwait and Jordan as a representative examples of two groups of oil-rich states lacking natural resources in the region under the liberal theoretical framework, as a proposal of the globalization phenomenon,

The pharmaceutical market is one of the most important and lucrative industries in the trade world. The expansion of non-oil exports and shifting away from the mono-product economy and its problems (high volatility in the oil market and, consequently, the country's revenue, as well as the issue of sanctions on Iran's oil sales by the West) have made it inevitable for Iran to expand its export of pharmaceutical products. Meanwhile, the Russian Federation, for historical reasons, has a high potential to become a destination for Iran's pharmaceutical products due to the geographical proximity of the two countries and the possibility of direct shipment of goods to Russia via the Caspian Sea. Russia is a large consuming market with the population of 145 million and high volume of pharmaceutical imports (over 10.5$ billion in 2018). The article analyses the pharmaceutical export potential of Iran to the Russian Federation using the indicators of revealed comparative advantage index, cosine index and trade plan index. The findings of this study indicate the high potential of Iranian pharmaceutical products for export to the Russian consuming market and the lack of utilization and the neglect of the Iranian pharmaceutical manufacturers and exporters from the Russian market. As policy implications, the authors recommend making pharmaceutical products a priority for export to the Russian market, which will lead to more efficient use of Iran's productive potential.

This article examines artificial intelligence technology as a modern and challenging phenomenon over the past decade. This technology has had a significant impact on the economic, political, and socio-cultural life in many countries. In this review article by using the descriptive-analytical method, the authors strive to define artificial intelligence within modern scientific discourse and introduce two practical applications of AI technologies. They discuss the "practical mode", which is used for effective management and accident prevention in industrial machinery, medicine, transportation, construction, oil and gas industries, mining, the nuclear sector, and more. Additionally, they introduce "generative AI", which is used for translating large texts, predicting business processes, evaluating financial and commodity markets, assessing societal feedback to any economic, political, and social changes, mastering risk management, and more. The article also explores the main challenges and risks of AI for modern society, including the creation of fake narratives, information bubbles, saturation, and other manipulation tools employed by technocratic elites in their quest for dominance. The concentration and distribution of AI development centers in specific areas could lead to increased inequality and tension between the North and South regions. Controlling the AI domain to protect national interests and maintain modern international relations poses a fundamental challenge for political and economic groups, institutions, and society. Researchers attempt to make predictions about the impact on energy, which will intensify with increased energy consumption and competition over rare elements. This rapidly growing demand cannot be met by "clean energy", so the energy transition might be slowed down by AI. This research proposes international actions for control, risk assessment, and an in-depth analysis of AI's impact on the development of other sectors.

The globalization of communication technologies simultaneously offers multifaceted opportunities for human societies while posing significant threats to political powers. The undeniable revolution brought about by virtual social networks in the realm of communications is both an asset and a challenge. However, the boundless expansion, easy accessibility, and overall globalization of these networks in recent years have brought consequences that have posed unprecedented challenges to governments on an international level. On one hand, virtual social networks have provided the highest levels of communication between individuals by creating a platform for the free exchange of ideas and opinions, positioning themselves as tools in the service of democracy. On the other hand, by removing the monopoly on news and information control from governments, enabling rapid and instant dissemination, and emphasizing the protection of individual privacy, these networks have significantly limited governments’ authority to intervene and control them.In other words, governments are unable to fully dominate all aspects of communication technologies, which are inherently transnational. Even if such power existed, they would face critical questions about individual privacy, freedom of speech, and the expression of opinions. As a result, virtual communication spaces have shattered traditional frameworks of state control, monitoring, and restriction. The Iranian government is no exception to this phenomenon. Communication technologies have entered the lives of Iranians alongside other parts of the world, and every day, the number of Iranian users continues to grow.

Conceptual Framework:

In today’s world, the growth of new technologies and their accessibility in the realm of communications has led to a profound impact on the global village. The massive volume and high speed of information transfer have redefined the boundaries of exchange, not only between governments but also among individuals across the globe. This has led to the rapid spread of news related to internal crises, transnational tensions, terrorist attacks, political demands, and human rights violations on a global scale, generating spontaneous reactions both individually and collectively. Political decision-makers and actors are thus compelled to respond swiftly.While the diverse applications of information technology in social, economic, and professional life are undeniable, the challenge for governments lies in this new technological-political environment, where "democratized" security means that governments lose their exclusive control over information. In this sense, governments, which have traditionally acted autonomously within their national borders, now face intervention from global public opinion, whether from other governments, political actors, or individual citizens. This loss of control over the proliferation of information leaves states vulnerable. As a result, "the threat to the sovereignty of states posed by the information technology phenomenon in the 21st century appears even more serious than that posed by colonialism in the past."Human Rights Implications of Communication Technology Globalization for IranLike other societies, the increasing number of users and the multifaceted expansion of activities—including professional, economic, and political—pose new challenges for the Iranian government in terms of monitoring, controlling, and regulating these technologies. In recent years, the political and security challenges presented by these technologies have at times been very serious, as communication technologies have played a significant role in public mobilization and shaping public opinion.Decline in Political Participation: Some theorists argue that with increasing social interactions and the rise in political awareness, the likelihood of political participation also increases. However, Amir Siyahpoosh, in a study on social capital in Iran, has demonstrated that in Iran, higher levels of education and social welfare lead to a decrease in trust and political participation.The Role of Virtual Communication in Soft War during Social Movements: Like other societies, Iran has experienced unrest, protests, and movements involving groups that are in conflict with the government over ideological differences. These movements, while recognized as legitimate under the constitution and requiring permission from the Ministry of Interior, inherently reflect the citizens' right to freedom of speech. However, since the events following the 2009 elections, these movements are often analyzed through the lens of soft war, where media and communication networks serve as the primary tools.Erosion of National and Religious Identity: National identity is often threatened by the globalization of values, cultures, and lifestyles. Globalization, driven by virtual networks, promotes transnational and subnational identities, potentially weakening local cultures and values. This phenomenon explains why national identities adapt to other, more globally promoted identities.The issue of human rights in Iran, regardless of its nature, has become highly politicized. Today, virtual social networks serve as key tools for opposition groups, individuals, media, and foreign governments to advocate against Iran’s government. These actors use political events, economic problems, and peaceful protests to frame Iran’s human rights issues for global public opinion. Consequently, human rights have become a political weapon used to scrutinize Iran's actions, especially when it enacts restrictive measures on communication technologies, which are viewed as human rights violations.

Governments worldwide are facing serious challenges in the era of communication technology globalization, with their absolute power becoming increasingly fragile. The Islamic Republic of Iran is no exception. In Iran, human rights implications are particularly pronounced. On one hand, the Iranian political and judicial system does not permit the absolute freedom of speech and opinion within these virtual networks, especially when national security is threatened. On the other hand, the restrictive and censorial actions taken by the government are seen as human rights violations. The political status of Iran in the international arena, coupled with its human rights record, has transformed communication networks into a propaganda tool against the state. This dual situation results from both the restrictive policies implemented by the government and the biased utilization of human rights discourse to advance political agendas through communication technology.

Numerous studies have been conducted on movements and socio-political unrest, examining them from multiple perspectives. In Iran, many studies have focused on social transformations, often identifying identity as one of the causes of such changes. The central question of this article is the relationship between identity pluralism and political and social tensions in Iran, with a focus on the period after the reform era. The hypothesis suggests that identity in Iran today is not monolithic, given that it has manifested at subnational, national, and transnational levels, and that identity has become fragmented, globalized, and virtualized. As a result, during social tensions, each dimension of identity can align with or be influenced by competing ideologies or discourses. The findings of this study reveal that in various instances of social unrest, one or more aspects of existing identities become activated, playing a pivotal role in driving tensions. The study adopts a discourse analysis approach, with data collection conducted through library research.

Recent political developments in Europe show different characteristics of political currents. The increase in popularity of extreme right parties compared to extreme left parties is one of these cases. This article examines the factors that have led to this difference. The main question of this realization is what factors have contributed to the success of extreme right parties compared to extreme left parties in attracting the support of European people? In response to this question, we hypothesize that extreme right parties have been able to build a base by using economic crises and unemployment, concerns about immigration and national identity, economic consequences of globalization, cultural concerns, and terrorist attacks get a wider social. But on the other hand, extreme left parties have focused more on social issues and justice. These may attract fewer people. In this article, the method of qualitative research and causal explanation is used. The data has also been collected from various library sources. These data are analyzed using content analysis and interpretation of success factors of extreme right parties.

In the contemporary era, independent states, whose most obvious feature is Westphalian sovereignty, form the core of the international system. These states are characterized by the principle of non-interference in their internal affairs and a formal equality with other states, regardless of size, power, or wealth. This state concept, which has its roots in the 1648 “Peace of Westphalia” continues to shape international relations by emphasizing the legal and political independence of states. As a result, states continue to see themselves as the main actors in this system, interacting on the basis of mutual recognition and formal equality. However, the realities of the international system, especially in the Post-Cold War era, show that the practical application of sovereignty is often far from this theoretical ideal. Our goal in this article is to critically evaluate the concept of independence as manifested in Moscow's foreign policy toward Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the creation of the CIS was intended to provide a framework for cooperation for the newly independent states while maintaining some degree of connection with Russia. However, the nature of this relationship has raised important questions about the actual extent of sovereignty that these countries enjoy. This study examines how Russia's foreign policy has maintained a delicate balance between its strategic interests and the autonomy of these countries, assessing whether Moscow genuinely respects their independence or seeks to maintain its sphere of influence in the region. A key aspect of this analysis is the historical context that has shaped the relationship between Russia and the CIS countries. The legacy of the Soviet Union, along with Russia's perception of itself as a regional hegemon, continues to influence its approach to these nations. Many of the CIS countries, while formally independent, have inherited deep political, economic, and security ties with Moscow. Over the years, Russia has used these connections to exert influence, raising concerns about whether these countries can fully exercise their sovereignty without interference. This historical background is crucial for understanding the dynamics of modern Russian foreign policy toward the CIS and the enduring tensions surrounding the concept of independence.The consequences of Moscow’s policies for regional stability and international relations are another important area of ​​investigation. Russia’s approach to the CIS has often caused tensions with both the CIS countries and foreign powers, especially the west. By maintaining a sphere of influence, Moscow has contributed to conflicts and frozen disputes in regions like Georgia, Ukraine, and Moldova, where aspirations for greater autonomy and closer ties with the West conflict with Russian interests. This study will examine how Russia’s foreign policy affects not only the domestic dynamics of the CIS member states but also broader geopolitical relations, including the role of international organizations such as the European Union and NATO.This research seeks to determine the extent to which Russian foreign policy aligns with or undermines the autonomy of CIS member states. While Moscow often presents itself as respecting the independence of these countries, its actions often suggest otherwise. By critically examining these policies and their effects, the study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complex relationship between Russia and the CIS, providing insights into the broader issue of state sovereignty in a world where power dynamics are increasingly interdependent. This assessment will provide a clearer picture of whether Russia's engagement with the CIS promotes true independence or perpetuates a new form of dependence that challenges the traditional concept of state sovereignty.

Research question: 

How have the phenomena of globalization, the end of the Cold War, and the collapse of the Eastern Bloc affected the key determinants of national independence in international relations in general, and Russia's foreign policy towards the countries that separated from the Soviet Union in particular?Research hypothesis: The Hypothesis of the article is no view or theory that supports the concept of state independence or the theory of independence in the foreign policy of a state. The findings of this research show that with the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's perception of the independence of the newly independent states was not fully compatible with the classical and standard concept of sovereignty.

This study is essentially a qualitative one in nature, utilizing an exploratory method. The process of gathering data is based on documents and library resources, including articles, books, research papers, and reports.

Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia's perception and understanding of the independence of the newly established post-Soviet states diverged from the conventional concept of full sovereignty defined by international norms. Rather than recognizing these states as entirely autonomous entities with complete control over their internal and external affairs, Russia maintained a more nuanced and often limited interpretation of their independence. This view was characterized by an implicit expectation of continued influence on the political, economic, and security decisions of these countries, which reflects a deviation from the classical understanding of sovereignty, which emphasizes non-intervention and the full exercise of state authority. In other words, Russia viewed the independence of these states through a lens that allowed for its continuous regional domination and intervention.

Moscow's interpretation of the independence of these newly established post-Soviet states was significantly restrictive, effectively denying them the full exercise of sovereignty over their political and strategic trajectories. Instead of recognizing their right to make independent decisions, Russia has asked these countries to make a tacit commitment to prioritize and align their interests with Russia in a range of critical areas, including political governance, security policies, and economic development.

Abstract Globalization of rights, at least in some areas such as human rights, is taking place as an indisputable fact. This globalization is shaped based on the closeness of human beings culturally to each other and the acceptance of the presence of values, beliefs and awareness of the common behaviors and natures of human beings to each other throughout the world. Democracy is a new model that the United Nations, governments and states have considered in the last decade of the twentieth century and the beginning of the new century to avoid war and bloodshed as well as the establishment of international peace and security. In the democratization approach, the war, insecurity and global conflict stems from lack of democracy. In fact, democracy is a necessity of time and modern world is moving towards it. The UN Security Council, which is primarily responsible for maintaining the international peace and security,.

Entering the third millennium, it seems that everything is changing and evolving and even evolving, and globalization casts a shadow on everything like the rising of the sun, so that all relationships, interactions, and communications of governments and nations have changed and this process is still continuing. In the meantime, the science of public law is witnessing many new approaches, including the establishment of electronic government and good governance. It has been said that during the last millennium, the world has witnessed three main waves in the life of humanity, which is the first wave of agriculture, the second wave of industry, and the third wave of computers and the Internet. In this article, we are trying to describe the software and hardware developments of public law in the era of globalization, the most important goal of this article is to harmonize the basic and fundamental standards of public law with the process of globalization. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical, and the findings and results prove that public law is slowly moving towards the uniformity of the rules and principles governing public law in all countries, and the content values of public law are actually changing. It is becoming a uniform and harmonious international custom, the result of which will be the promotion of the high status of human rights in all continents.

Globalization has various aspects and fields, one of the most prominent aspects of which is the globalization of art and culture. Meanwhile, the investigation of contemporary art is of interest as one of the most powerful and influential tools and one of the components of cultural flow in the context of globalization. In the contemporary era and in line with the phenomenon of globalization, the definitions and interpretations of art have completely changed. The purpose of this article is to study the importance of studying the ability of contemporary arts in the discourse of cultural identity and to answer the question of what role Iranian contemporary art has played in the cultural discourse in the field of globalization. The research method is based on the descriptive-analytical nature and the method of collecting information is library and documentary. The method of information analysis is also qualitative. The results show that Iran's art has a high economic potential so that it can play an important role in increasing the national GDP. Based on this, the global cultural supermarket will take the place of local cultural elements by offering different cultural and media goods, and the cultural identity will become the identity of the market. The feeling of belonging to a nation or tradition, with the idea of free choice in the market economy. is replaced Of course, it should be noted that languages, personal relationships, and religious, ethnic, and political ties stand in the way of the expansion of global integrated culture, and it must be said that cultural globalization affects popular culture and political culture. It is on each other and has the ability to play an important role in the globalization of contemporary Iranian arts by influencing the discussion of cultural identity.

Today, international migration has become one of the biggest issues and challenges facing the countries of the world in the age of globalization. On the one hand, the presence of immigrants in the social, economic and political structures of immigrant-receiving countries has become a special capacity for the development of those countries and to achieve a colorful role in global governance, and on the other hand, it has become a factor for the weakening of security and economic stability indicators. has been This research, using a descriptive-analytical approach based on the analysis of available statistics, examines the change in the approach to the migration issue from the social dimension to political, economic and security opportunities and challenges, with an emphasis on the Islamic Republic of Iran and its effects on the global geopolitical environment in The era of globalization has paid off. In order to achieve this result, in this article, identifying the factors affecting the migration process and examining the views of developed countries from this point of view, and finally, a perspective based on the analysis of trends for prioritizing management and strategic policy making in this regard. The domain is provided.

The study has investigated the perception of Iranian EFL teachers and policymakers towards the phenomenon of linguistic imperialism and globalization in the English language teaching curriculum and the relationship between contextual factors and the attitude toward linguistic imperialism. To conduct this research, 674 Iranian EFL teachers and eight high-ranking officials of Iran who are responsible for designing and compiling national documents in the Expediency Recognition Council, the Cultural Revolution Council, and the Ministry of Science, Research, and Information Technology were invited to participate in the research. Using structural equation modeling, the collected quantitative data was analyzed and the content analysis method was used for qualitative data. The findings showed the significant influence of cultural and contextual factors in shaping the attitude of educators and policymakers toward linguistic imperialism. To preserve the cultural and linguistic identity of students along with learning English as a global language, this approach can help students to increase their language skills and at the same time facilitate international communication. Therefore, the members of society specifically the planners, teachers, language learners, and parents should pay attention to the nature and cultural, social, and political consequences of this language and not consider it as a neutral communication tool.

In political science and terrorism studies, the main emphasis has traditionally been on comprehending the nature of terrorism and its progression. Yet, the study of how terrorism evolves and the modus operandi of terrorist organizations has become increasingly crucial in today's world, sparking a significant increase in dialogue and exchange of views on this topic. This is because terrorist organizations are becoming increasingly sophisticated each day, compared to their predecessors. They adapt to environmental changes and various counter-terrorism strategies and techniques, preventing their collapse and enabling their proliferation in any environment. In light of this, the present paper aims to elucidate the concept of "postmodern terrorism", and chart the evolution of terrorist activity models in Iranian society from the traditional model (from the 1960s to the 1980s) to the postmodern model (from the late 1980s to the present). Here, we also discuss strategies suitable for “postmodern counter-terrorism” within the context of terrorism studies. For an operational definition, one could state that the features that set postmodern terrorism apart from earlier forms include a focus on identity in motivation, a global perspective in the scope of action, and an organizational structure that is both networked and virtual.

This explanatory paper employs a library data collection method for research and utilizes a qualitative approach for data analysis. The research methodology is explanatory in nature as it aims to explain the transition from traditional terrorism (spanning the 1960s to the 1980s) to postmodern terrorism (from the late 1980s to the present) within Iranian society. The qualitative data analysis method is chosen due to the nature of the study, which is largely focused on the influence of ideology, religion, culture, politics, ethics, and similar factors on human behavior. Such studies typically require qualitative and rational analysis methods. The article further delves into the evolution of terrorist patterns in Iranian society, analyzing the impact of ideological and semantic issues to explain the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of this evolution.

The emergence of any new threat to national security invariably necessitates the creation of new institutional structures or the revision of existing ones. This is primarily because past institutions were typically designed and regulated to counter and manage previous threats, rendering them ineffective against new threats. Given the multifaceted nature of postmodern terrorism, particularly the intertwined nature of its hardware and software aspects, this need is more pronounced than ever. Furthermore, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which, according to available evidence, is under the threat of postmodern terrorism, requires this institutional development more than any other political system in the region.Primarily, the new structures must ensure coordination among all relevant and responsible organizations to prevent duplication or lack of cooperation. This is crucial to avoid any loopholes that could lead to system penetration or malfunction, as these could result in unexpected outcomes and strategic failures. Secondly, it is essential to devise a long-term strategy that takes into account the various aspects of postmodern terrorism. This strategy should be designed in a way that accommodates both the software and hardware dimensions of this form of terrorism, and is applicable at internal, regional, and global levels. Hence, it is crucial to have security-intelligence and military collaboration with other nations in this battle. The new structures should incorporate a robust and professional department dedicated to monitoring, collecting, and analyzing electronic and virtual data of these groups globally, with a particular emphasis on virtual social networks. A key aspect of post-modern counter-terrorism is that the intelligence gathering about these groups should encompass human, social, and technical dimensions in a balanced and simultaneous manner. The past experiences have shown that many surprises and strategic failures in combating terrorism have resulted from an over-reliance on technical and telecommunication intelligence while neglecting human and social intelligence.In general, intelligence agencies require social awareness to effectively combat postmodern terrorism. This is primarily because nascent terrorist groups initially develop and recruit members within a specific social context, and they also employ a distinct social strategy. Specifically, their strategy involves integrating the group into society and establishing a social foundation for themselves, making it challenging for intelligence and security organizations to fight them. In the event of any setback or blow, these groups can retreat to their supportive social bases and reorganize themselves.

In one hand, this research accepts the inevitable developments in international environment due to globalization and on the other hand, recognizing the state as the most important international actor, tries to explain one of the most influential state’s acts in the globalized space. The purpose of this research is to explain the impact of globalization on dynamics of status seeking of Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. This research is done with descriptive-analytical method. Findings of this research show that in lack of collective security system in the Middle East, the strategy of social competition is an attractive option for Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia. The competitive relations among states in the Middle East have been an obstacle toward creating inclusive institutions and common concept of security. Consequently, the strategy of social mobility has not been a functional one in the region. Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia in order to utilize the strategy of social creativity should demonstrate more compliance with global values and norms.

Political sociology has experienced many changes throughout history, and the latest example of these changes is the cultural turn. The cultural turn in political sociology may not be the same in all societies and may differ from one society to another. The article seeks to show to what extent the cultural turn in Iran's political sociology has occurred in the last two decades and what components it depends on. If a cultural turn has occurred in Iran's political sociology, to what extent does political and social construction contribute to it? The data of this research has been collected by using various new theories, semi-structured interviews, expert questionnaires, writing slips from texts and documents. Also, the fuzzy Delphi technique is used as the methodological framework of the article. The evaluations showed that the cultural turn in Iran has occurred and 21 components have been identified. These components can be used as a model in measuring the degree of cultural turn in Iran's political sociology. If we consider political sociology as the relationship between government and social construction, 20 of the 21 identified components are related to social construction and 1 component is related to political construction. The results of the research show that in Iran's political sociology, the fundamental change and transformation that happened was in the social structure and the political structure did not undergo fundamental changes.

National identity is one of the important fields that any government can manage in a way by adopting strategic policies and policies, and thus, the tendency of the members of the scientific, academic and student community, to strengthen awareness and knowledge about it; Because the issue of national identity is important for society in different ways. The first important point is that national identity can provide reasons for strengthening solidarity and cohesion in the country. Second, dealing with the challenges of national identity requires taking into account the changes and developments that require knowledge and awareness. Meanwhile, one of the important tools and mechanisms of the government to develop and strengthen the national identity, through the channel of awareness, is the institution of higher education. The university education system in the channel and path of education can transfer the concepts and proper understanding of the challenges and issues of national identity in the changing conditions and the need to adopt a suitable scientific strategy for it. So that, as a result, the grounds for strengthening people's sense of belonging to their national identity through science and knowledge are provided, which ultimately leads to the consolidation of solidarity and social cohesion. Considering the importance of this issue and the complex challenges that have arisen in connection with the national identity, the necessity of using this capacity is felt more and more. The State of the Islamic Republic of Iran is also forced to make better use of higher education in order to train students in order to strengthen their orientation towards their national identity. Considering the fact that a large part of Iran's population is young and in the era of globalization, and the role of this phenomenon in weakening the tendency of many Iranian students towards their national identity, this issue has become more necessary. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical and the findings indicate a change in some orientations towards new challenging situations.