حکمروایی

Unsustainable development and imbalance between water supply and demand and its exacerbation in climate change conditions are among the important issues in the country's water resources management. In this regard, the need to pay attention to the development of a program compatible with climate change in the water and agriculture sector, considering various environmental, social and economic dimensions, seems inevitable. Considering the wide range of potential effects of climate change and at the same time their inherent uncertainty, the adaptation plan should be developed in a way that has maximum flexibility and side effects. For this reason, the issue of claimatization of governance should be included in many programs and documents of the country and in the discourse of different governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran, regardless of their political orientations, because the nature of the impact and effects from the point of view of social and environmental issues, the side of climatization of governance has received little attention from different governments, and today it seems necessary to pay attention to this issue. Based on this, the present study investigates the opportunities and challenges of the climatization of governance in the discourse of different governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran with a descriptive-analytical method. Based on the findings of the research, in the section of the climatization challenges of governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran, it was found that the economic challenges have been assigned the highest rank. In the next order, placed political-security challenges, which is ranked second with a score of 0.812. The third rank of challenges is assigned to environmental challenges with a score of 0.730, and the lowest rank is assigned to social challenges with a score of 0.415.

Based on the governance approach, the effective administration of affairs in various fields requires the constructive participation of other stakeholders and the development and promotion of their institutional capacity in the successful administration of affairs, the accurate implementation of measures, and the resolution of problems in achieving the goals. The article aims to provide a framework for improving the institutional capacity of the private sector in the development of Iran's upstream oil and gas industries, emphasizing the governance approach. Article in terms of practical purpose and from the point of view of the method; It is qualitative in its approach to documentary scanning. The statistical population was all the upstream documents related to the oil and gas industries, which were selected using a targeted method. The resulting data have been analyzed using the theme analysis method and theme network approach. The results of the findings have shown that the improvement of the institutional capacity framework of the private sector depends on the interaction of various factors at three levels: A) Individuals, including: 1) investors; 2) executive bodies; 3) senior managers in policy-making authorities; 4) mutual obligations of the parties; 5) partnership working groups; B) Organization, including: 1) technical infrastructure; 2) political-legal requirements in policy-making; 3) strong contractual mechanisms; 4) financial mechanisms; 5) approval of relevant authorities; 6) facilitation mechanisms; C) contextual, including: 1) the areas of partnership; 2) functions of the partnership; 3) modes of partnership; 4) preservation of values; and 5) areas of utilizing the capabilities of the private sector.

With codification of the constitution, the Islamic Republic has passed the stage of making system and is in the stage of the Islamic State. This research attempts to clarify the layers, dimensions, components, and principles of supreme ruling (prime sovereignty) based on monotheistic system and religious democracy. The resulting exemplar could provide a basis for redesigning the Islamic State. This research, first, presents a basic and codified theory based on documentary studies in the field of ruling and sovereignty, especially in Islamic thought, which then has been reviewed, criticized, revised and finalized through additional interviews and at the end in the meeting of experts. In the exemplar of prime sovereignty, the Vali e Faqih (supreme leader who is a Jurist) is the ruler and has three responsibilities: leading the Islamic nation, leading Islamic Republic and demanding the discourse of the Islamic Revolution. The exemplar prime sovereignty has two layers, the leadership (Imam) and the social system (Islamic nation/ Ummah), and the components of each layer are divided into two parts: The components of Islamic Republic and the components of Islamic Revolution (monitoring and evaluation). In the exemplar prime sovereignty there are 33 components for the Islamic Republic, divided into the leadership layer (fifteen components) and the social system layer (eighteen components) and 22 components for the Islamic Revolution, focusing on right, justice and people's satisfaction. Principles of the prime sovereignty are specified into 37 principles: Objective (six principles), Units (five principles), Relationships (seven principles), Resources (six principles), Mode (five principles), Environment (four principles) and Hierarchy and Complexity (four principles).

Many activities of daily living take place in urban public spaces and some of these activities are inevitable. An ideal urban space is one in which civil justice is observed and all citizens and even vulnerable sections of society can use this space. Respect and respect for culture is one of the most important issues for the elderly. The presence of the elderly in management and citizenship participation can also play a very important role. The issue of neighborhood houses, mosques in the administration of neighborhoods, and helping to solve urban problems are also very important issues. The purpose of this study is to investigate the problems and challenges of the elderly in urban areas. The research was applied in terms of purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of research method. The components are evaluated in six sections. Mean and regression tests were used to assess the challenges of the elderly in urban areas. The statistical population includes the elderly in District 13 of Tehran, 120 people were selected by available non-random sampling method. Findings show that the coefficients of the regression model of respect and culture are rejected at the level of 0.05, but the other variables are not rejected at the level of 0.05. Elderly satisfaction varies according to the degree of respect and culture, so respect and culture at the same time predict the satisfaction of the elderly. But safety, transportation, ease of access, respect and culture, the establishment of smart homes, and the allocation of government funds at the same time are not predictors of elderly satisfaction, so the most important predictor of elderly satisfaction is respect and culture. The results show that there is a significant linear relationship between the criteria of problems and challenges of the elderly in urban space with the satisfaction of the elderly in Tehran. The most important predictors of elderly satisfaction are transportation and government budget allocation, respectively.

With codification of the constitution, the Islamic Republic has passed the stage of making system and is in the stage of the Islamic State. This research attempts to clarify the layers, dimensions, components, and principles of supreme ruling (prime sovereignty) based on monotheistic system and religious democracy. The resulting exemplar could provide a basis for redesigning the Islamic State. This research, first, presents a basic and codified theory based on documentary studies in the field of ruling and sovereignty, especially in Islamic thought, which then has been reviewed, criticized, revised and finalized through additional interviews and at the end in the meeting of experts. In the exemplar of prime sovereignty, the Vali e Faqih (supreme leader who is a Jurist) is the ruler and has three responsibilities: leading the Islamic nation, leading Islamic Republic and demanding the discourse of the Islamic Revolution. The exemplar prime sovereignty has two layers, the leadership (Imam) and the social system (Islamic nation/ Ummah), and the components of each layer are divided into two parts: The components of Islamic Republic and the components of Islamic Revolution (monitoring and evaluation). In the exemplar prime sovereignty there are 33 components for the Islamic Republic, divided into the leadership layer (fifteen components) and the social system layer (eighteen components) and 22 components for the Islamic Revolution, focusing on right, justice and people's satisfaction. Principles of the prime sovereignty are specified into 37 principles: Objective (six principles), Units (five principles), Relationships (seven principles), Resources (six principles), Mode (five principles), Environment (four principles) and Hierarchy and Complexity (four principles).

Institutional organizing of metropolitan regions is one of the controversial topics in political science, regional economics, and regional management that many problems in the management of metropolitan regions depends on it. This study with recognizing new need for global processes as well as isolated thoughts, policy- program segregation, functional segregation and territorial segregation metropolitan regions in Iran, has studied the structure of this system (metropolitan regions). In fact, this article with analytical method analyze management structure of metropolitan regions, and investigate modern and optimal structure for metropolitan regions. The results indicates vacuum of metropolitan regions management and the need for a restructuring at the local and provincial governments for formation of this management level, that this restructuring can be described as government of metropolitan region within a range of regionalism.