سازمان های اطلاعاتی - امنیتی

Organizational resilience as an effective component, besides contributing to the successful performance of the organization; in critical situations of various organizations, including intelligence-security apparatuses, enables them to manage assigned missions and related challenges. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to identify effective structural factors in improving the organizational resilience of the employees of intelligence society. The current research is of qualitative type and mixed method (contextual case, exploratory), which is intended to achieve the final goal after combining the collected data with the field findings and investigating them. In this research, the views of 10 elite experts in the organizational field were combined with the results obtained from a field survey of 192 people from the statistical population of the employees of intelligence society, and using the descriptive method, the factors were ranked by the Friedman test. Despite  the problems such as the location of the research environment in the field of an intelligence-security apparatus and the limitations associated with this issue, the final result shows the effectiveness of the factors of correct and efficient selection, mutual commitment (common loyalty of the individual and the organization to each other), efficient and effective reward system (punishment and encouragement), and efficient organizational structure (in the structural dimension), in promoting the organizational resilience of the employees of intelligence-security collections.

In today's world, the issue of selecting useful information from among the mass of collected news and information and analyzing it correctly, in order to anticipate the future trend of the phenomena under investigation to reach the position of intelligence elites, is considered the main problem of intelligence organizations. Because the speed, complexity and variety of security phenomena have caused intelligence organizations to face surprises and unexpected events that sometimes lead to intelligence failure; Therefore, as the power of analysis increases in these organizations, the possibility of managing interwoven security changes also increases. Therefore, in order to properly use this efficient tool, its process should be optimized in such a way that it responds to the many changes in the world of intelligence and security over time.

In this research, we aim to analyze the potential harms to intelligence analysis in these organizations through semi-structured interviews with experts and elites of the intelligence society. For this purpose, the database method has been used. The results show that the main harms in the field of intelligence analysis are: lack of doctrine and stable policy in the process of intelligence analysis, politicization and misrecognition, lack of warning system, structural inefficiency, weak knowledge and information technology, weak skills of human resources, haste, everyday life, superficiality and not using intelligence assets.

In the educational policies of the intelligence-security organizations of the country in recent years, learner-oriented educational environments have been considered valuable. The purpose of the current research is to explain and analyze one of these types of learning environments that are designed based on the characteristics of active technological learning. This new approach, known as reverse learning, has been increasingly popular among education professionals; but until now, at the international level, no qualitative research has been presented in this regard in intelligence-security organizations; Therefore, knowing the processes, achievements and challenges in this innovation will help the trainers and beneficiaries of in-service training in these organizations to apply it properly.

This research in the form of three research questions and using the phenomenological research plan and inductive content analysis of 59 Q1 and Q2 English articles indexed in the Web of Science scientific database between 2012 and 2021, to study, categorize and interpret learning environments designed based on The innovation of reverse learning has paid off.

The results show that the reverse classroom processes have positive results for employees, instructors, curriculum and in general for educational centers and can promote and improve learning skills and 21st century competencies of employees as well as the development of learning technologies. And their information literacy is effective. At the same time, the existence of technological and non-technological challenges in these learning environments can make these classes ineffective. Meanwhile, the results of this research highlight the need to do more in-depth research to solve the problems of employees, trainers and training centers of intelligence organizations when applying reverse learning; Based on this, research suggestions for future researches have also been presented.

In the intelligence-security organizations, the categories of making contact, providing and selecting the proper communication tool and securing the security of communications, especially the sensitive communications among assets, agents, liaisons, spotters, sources, informants, agent handlers, customers, corporations, staff and families with the related organization (center) or experts in the all stages of production, preparation, transmission, transfer, receive, extraction, save, distribution or elimination of intelligence is an important issue that ensures the success and survival of that organization. The main purpose of this study is to design a needs assessment model for communication systems in the intelligence-security organizations that has been implemented qualitatively using an approach based on grounded theory. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data and data analysis was performed through the Strauss and Corbin method and paradigm model. Sampling was done through theoretical method with purposeful technique and snowball and based on that, 19 interviews were conducted with university faculty members and experts working in SAHFAJA (Intelligence protection organization of Iran’s army). The results of the data obtained from the interviews during the open, pivotal and selective coding process, led to the creation of grounded theory in the field of needs assessment of communication systems in intelligence organizations. The results of the present study show the extraction of up to 170 codes or the initial concepts from the interviews as well as the counting of 100 sub-categories and 26 categories, which placed in the form of a paradigm model including the optimal needs assessment of the required communication systems in the intelligence-security organizations as central category, causal conditions (3 category), contextual factors (10 category), intervening conditions (6 category), strategies (3 cases) and consequences (3 category). Finally, tables including the main operational components and important technical components were presented as a checklist for announcing the needs assessment of communication systems.

The Armed Forces are always exposed to various security threats due to their key role in ensuring the security of the country, Dealing with such threats within the armed forces is entrusted to the security unit. The security unit's response to the threats takes two main forms. One form of it is a reactionary and typically coercive approach in the form of arresting and expelling violating elements, which, in addition to being costly, is contrary to the philosophy and mission of the security unit and should be kept to a minimum, Another form is to take various measures, including raising the awareness of employees, which in addition to reducing the overt and covert costs, is also more compatible with the beliefs and views of Islam. According to the above, one of the main challenges of the Armed Forces Security Unit is how to raise awareness of the protected complex about the threats and damage to the complex and Since the main communication unit of the security unit with the collection is protection through awareness, information and warning, in all these communication channels, a factor plays a key role and that is the message. Therefore, considering the importance of the elements of the message in raising awareness and advancing security goals, the research is conducted with the aim of "examining the structure and function of the message to promote anti-intelligence awareness”.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method and implementation. First, a library study is performed to understand the structure and function of the message and the indicators of organizational awareness and the factors affecting it and Then, with the method of qualitative, inductive-contextual content analysis, the role of the message in counter-  intelligence awareness is analyzed.

In this research, general and specific functions of the message have been identified in order to raise awareness in two stages by presenting a mode.

The purpose of this study was to identify the challenges and necessities of revolutionary management in security intelligence organizations. To this end, in this research, on the one hand, the aim of this research has been to base on the basis of the dichotomy (structural, behavioral, and ground), while identifying the challenges of revolutionary management in these organizations, and on the other hand, the necessities of realizing revolutionary management in four dimensions of managerial, human and structural approaches were identified.

The present study is based on a descriptive survey. In terms of collecting information, of field research used for collecting statistics and information. The statistical population of this study was 30 experts from security intelligence organizations. Two questionnaires were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and professors. The reliability of the questionnaires was obtained based on Cronbach's alpha of 0.839. In this research, t-test, binomial test, and Friedman test were used for ranking and determining the importance of dimensions and indicators in two parts of the challenges and necessities. The statistical population of the research is security intelligence organizations.

The results showed that the factors of the Behavioral component 2.40 and structural 2.08 are very important and should be properly managed and not a factor in the implementation of revolutionary management in the studied organization and in the section of the necessities of the implementation of revolutionary management. Also, the requirements of approach 2.98, human resources 2.33 and management 2.15 have priority, respectively, and the role of the structure of the necessity of implementing revolutionary management is insignificant. At the end, there are suggestions and solutions to achieve revolutionary management in security intelligence organizations.