فساد

Corruption has been one of the difficulties of all societies throughout history. Corruption in its internationally accepted concept means the abuse of government power and facilities for personal benefits, and in this sense, it weakens the various divisions of human rights, sustainable development, economic and social stability in countries. In the introduction of Resolution 8/6 of the sixth meeting of member states of the Anti-Corruption Convention, mentioned: "Corruption is one of the factors that hinders comprehensive and sustainable socio-economic development and causes violence, insecurity and injustice". To the extent that corruption has spread in different layers of the government structure, including the executive, legislative and judicial structures, people's anger and dissatisfaction have increased and this issue can lead to protests, riots and even internal conflicts. The present article examines the question of how corruption in its international meaning has led to civil wars and what is the relationship between civil wars and the threat or violation of international peace and security. In this regard and to clarify the discussion, the present article studies the situation of 4 countries in which internal armed conflicts have been going on due to corruption.

Conflict of interest is the conflict between the duties and responsibilities of a person in relation to the process of examining the private, professional, commercial or public interests of that person. Managing conflict of interest is one of the methods of preventing corruption, increasing transparency, efficiency, accountability and public trust in the government. The conflict between personal interests and public interests is something that most government officials face; Therefore, it must be properly managed, otherwise it can lead to corruption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the policy of the Canadian government in the field of conflict of interest, which has been studied in the period of 2016-2023 in the government of Justin Trudeau. This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of research method, and in terms of the purpose of The type of research is applied and based on library research and review of documents and records. The review of the trends presented in the annual conflict of interest reports showed that, according to the policies adopted by Justin Trudeau's government in 2015, the codes and indicators presented in the studied time frame, the reduction of the conflict of interest in several sectors, including ethical norms, It has shown social and value that the performance of this structure has been well objectified in the performance of government officials.

This study seeks to explain the effect of corruption on innovation in current scientific sources and conceptualizes the components and aspects of the effects of corruption on innovation for future research in this field.In this research, a meta-Synthesis method with qualitative content analysis strategy was used in the research-documentary framework, and by applying systematic review and qualitative meta-Synthesis approach, the results and findings of previous researchers were analyzed, and a conceptual model of the effects of corruption on innovation was presented.Based on the coding, the effective factors in the direction of the effects of corruption on innovation were analyzed and categorized into 44 main categories and 2 core codes. The positive consequences of corruption on innovation include 23 factors and its negative consequences include 21 factors. The results show that corruption in countries affects innovation and economic growth. The direction of these effects is sometimes positive and negative, but in the long run, this effect is negative.

Bureaucratic health and the fight against corruption is a vital issue in many developing countries, including Iran. The bedrock of corruption is the administration of government affairs and in the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, due to its role in the country's economic system, the existence of bureaucratic health and knowledge of the factors affecting it is important. Therefore, the main purpose is to study the factors affecting bureaucratic health and all employees and managers of this ministry as a statistical population (1100 people). The sample size was 285 people and simple random sampling method was used. Data analysis was performed in the form of descriptive and inferential statistics from of SPSS 23 software. As a result of research, that the most important factors affecting administrative health that lead to reducing corruption in the mining sector of the Ministry mentioned are: efficient supervision, meritocracy in appointments, staff accountability, organizational justice, organizational trust, satisfaction Job, Employees 'organizational commitment, Existence of fair reward and punishment system, Employees' livelihood, Lack of accountability to exploiters. these factors explain a total of 21.4% of the dependent variable, (bureaucratic health), At Overall the effectiveness of these factors in increasing bureaucratic health and reducing corruption is 21.4%, which should be considered by Officials and planners, be placed in this area.

The present study aims to answer this question, what are the themes of dealing with corruption in Iran's administrative system, and in this regard, seven documents related to the issue of corruption in Iran were identified, and the researcher, by carefully examining and studying these documents, first counted the related concepts and the integration of concepts that had a common semantic load, paid attention to the explanation of the main themes and then the organizing and inclusive themes. The current research is fundamental in terms of its purpose, in terms of the method of qualitative research, which can be included in interpretive research, and in terms of strategy, thematic analysis method was used, and the method of data collection was through the study and review of documents. Based on the findings of the research, the number of 52 concepts, 18 main themes, 13 organizing themes and 7 comprehensive themes regarding the fight against corruption were explained and then the network of themes that shows the relationship between the fundamental concept on which the research is based and the inclusive and organizing themes, was designed.

Good governance is a successful model for public institutions, and the efficiency of the political system is one of its characteristics, which includes the interaction of public institutions related to the affairs of citizens. The existence of corruption disrupts this interaction and the inefficiency of the political system and is a serious obstacle to development, democracy and good governance. In this regard, the main question of the present study is what are the main obstacles to the realization of good governance in the fight against corruption in the city of Galikesh? . The research methodology is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The required data were collected through field research and completing a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software and evaluation of variables using Likert scale based on Friedman test. The statistical population included employees of government departments in Galikesh city, which was completed with a sample size of 103 questionnaires. Findings indicate that the variables of accountability with a score of 1.83, participation with a score of 2.53, rule of law with a score of 2.63, transparency with a score of 3.00 are in the last place and 76% of employees believe in good governance in Galikesh. It is not in a good position and to address it, accountability, participation, the rule of law and transparency must be prioritized, respectively. In other words, by strengthening the civil society dimension, a new paradigm in the fight against corruption can be achieved.

Corruption is one of the most important vulnerabilities of countries that strongly affects the durability and consistency of government, the quality and manner of government and governance. When corruption in the state spreads, the relations between the government and the society or the state and the nation are shaken, the legitimacy of the state is weakened and its acceptance among its citizens decreases. Corruption occurs at the micro and macro levels. The former affects high levels of government and leaders to erode good governance, the rule of law, and economic stability, as well as the overall state of government, and fosters government fragility, while the latter affects bribery in exchanges for better services, benefits, or hiring friends. Related to reliable jobs. The purpose of this study was to identify the causes of government fragility and to understand the most important areas active in the field of corruption in the country and to investigate and find the reasons for the increase in corruption in Iran in the ninth and tenth governments and whether the conditions and characteristics of a fragile government in Iran are visible. And if approved, how much the fragility of the government has been affected by this issue. In writing the article, a descriptive-analytical method is used and the hypothesis of the article is that the increase of corruption in the studied periods; It has intensified the fragility of the government.

 Guidance prohibition and its related issues have been proposed by scholars of the principles of jurisprudence, and they have discussed the signs and examples of this issue. The present article, which has been written in an analytical-descriptive method, has organized its discussions based on two hypotheses by stating the nature of the instructional ban;First, the criteria for recognizing the instructional prohibition are different from other prohibitions, and secondly, the instructional prohibition has effects such as proving the Shari'a ruling, corruption of action, and discovery of the status quo. The result of this research is that the criterion of guidance is to observe the expedient duty and prevent him from being in the worldly corruptor and practical harms that are forbidden from it, and for this reason, committing it has no afterlife. In addition, the effect of prohibitive guidance, whether it is guidance in detail, conditionality or obstruction, and whether it belongs to worship or transactions, is corruption.Keywords: Prohibition, Guidance, Expediency, Corruption, Imami Jurisprudence

The research aims to study the rise and fall reasons of the Qajar dynasty, with historical study and the descriptive-analytical method. Its emphasis is on the causes and factors of the decline and fall of this government based on Ibn Khaldoun's theory. Ibn Khaldun's theory has been chosen as a theoretical framework; By mentioning this point that in explaining the rise and fall of contemporary governments, including Qajar, it is necessary to revise this theory and consider new factors in this regard. For this purpose, in addition to evaluating and updating Ibn Khaldun's theoretical indicators such as nervousness, patronage, and types of corruption, attention has been paid to the new factors that are effective in the stability and especially in the fall of governments in the contemporary era, including foreign intervention and new technologies. The findings of the research compiled based on authentic historical documents show that the origin and continuation of Qajar with Ibn Khaldun's theory and its decline and fall with Neo-Khaldun's theory can be studied and explained more accurately, and they are more compatible with the existing facts and historical evidence.

The subject of this research is to examine the approach and position of the Islamic Consultative Assembly to reduce corruption in the field of non-criminal laws. Therefore, the research question is what is the approach of the parliament to non-criminal laws in the field of anti-corruption. The hypothesis of the research is that the hypothesis of this research is that despite the minimal care of the legislature on these two issues and its sub-indicators such as transparency of the budget system, review of property and assets of officials and legal protection of corruption disclosure, sufficient attention and There is no merit for the institution in these areas. The results of the research show that although the Islamic Consultative Assembly in recent decades has paid more attention to issues such as transparency and the right of public access to information and conflict of interest, in practice what has been achieved is far from the standard and desirable conditions. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical qualitative and the data is collected in a library method by taking notes.