فناوری دیجیتال

This article aims to understand and recognize the role of digital media in addressing cognitive warfare in Iraq, as well as explore how digital media can effectively confront and navigate the ongoing conflicts in the country. Given Iraq's history of external occupation and current interventions by Western nations, the Iraqi society has become a prime target for cognitive warfare attacks.
To address this research question, thematic analysis of interviews with 20 media and cognitive warfare experts in Iraq was conducted, including professors from Mazaya, Imam Kazem, Farahidi, Baghdad, and Dhiqar universities, until theoretical saturation was achieved.
The analysis of the primary themes derived from the interviews indicates that audience-oriented approaches and professionalism are fundamental strategies that digital media should adopt to effectively address cognitive warfare. In this context, education and awareness-raising, mobilizing public opinion, promoting knowledge and self-confidence within society, and fostering community cohesion are essential components that contribute to audience-centeredness. Furthermore, to achieve professionalism, it is crucial to focus on digital capacity building and the advancement of persuasive journalism within Iraqi society.
To effectively address cognitive warfare, both traditional and new media in Iraq must devote significant attention to this issue. It is essential for these media outlets to fully comprehend the complexities of cognitive warfare and to prioritize informing and educating the public. By considering the needs and interests of the Iraqi audience, media discussions can become more impactful, enabling the Iraqi people and public opinion to better understand the issue at hand.

This article focuses on the experience of the Chinese government in using digital technologies to collect and analyze data related to its citizens to demonstrate the effects of using these technologies in governance. The article shows that over the past two decades, the Chinese government has created a mass surveillance system by combining several digital technology-based programs, whose primary function is to collect and analyze massive amounts of data related to the visible and hidden activities of Chinese citizens in various areas of their lives. This mega program aims to create the basis for intelligent governance based on accurate data from citizens. In the discussion of the consequences of this mass surveillance system, the article emphasizes two categories of positive and negative effects resulting from implementing this plan. The positive side provides a basis for designing specific policies and efficient implementation in various areas of governance. On the other hand, it lays the groundwork for realizing a mechanism for the intelligent suppression of citizens that gives unprecedented dimensions to communist authoritarianism. The article emphasizes that these two positive and negative sides are intertwined and inseparable from each other.

Digital technology today, from a passive defense standpoint, on the one hand, is an integral part of individuals, community and political system’s life, and on the other hands, the lack of digital capabilities or literacy has prevented everyone from entering the digital world, which creates a digital gap in the society. This emerging gap affects the existing cultural gap. That’s why it is necessary to examine the consequences of the digital gap on the cultural gap. In order to answer the question that; how the digital gap has an impact on the cultural gap, it was hypothesized that the digital gap, in addition to the creation of a new digital gap, would have a positive or negative effect on the cultural gap of the community, with the intersection or density of existing cultural gaps. The data were analyzed in the theoretical framework of the sociology of social gaps by descriptive-analytic method. The findings revealed that if the cultural gap caused by the digital gap bridges the cross cultural gaps, it would cause active cultural conflicts, and imposes huge costs on individuals, society and the government