مقاومت

This research aims to develop a model of professional operations of resistance-oriented media to maintain the resilience of Palestinian citizens during the Al-Aqsa Storm War. The research method is qualitative. The participants of the qualitative section were experts in the overseas deputy of the Iranian Broadcasting Corporation (IRBC) on the Al-Alam network and the Press TV network, determined by purposive sampling until reaching theoretical saturation, with a sample size of 8 people. The data were analyzed through in-depth statistical interviews and using the grounded theory method. The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed through three stages of open and axial coding, selection, and presentation of a paradigmatic model. This model includes causal conditions (competitive factors, news marketing mix, process factors, technical factors, content factors, and factors related to government and politics), contextual (message management, target market, strategic factors, legal and regulatory factors, information and communication technology, and modernization and developments in the media space), interventional (relational news reporting, core beliefs, and competitive intelligence), mechanisms (actions related to media activities, media-related actions, strategic management-related actions, actions related to cross-border activities), and consequences (competitive advantage, media consequences, consequences related to cross-border networks, socio-cultural consequences, and consequences related to media engagement) that describes the main phenomenon, namely the pattern of conditions of "Al-Alam Global Network's media operations in informing about the Al-Aqsa Storm."

Resistance literature is a branch of literature that embodies the ingrained concepts of struggle and resistance. This genre focuses on combating oppression, tyranny, and despotism with the primary objective of achieving freedom and liberation, with resistance emphasized until this goal is attained. Within this context, the issue of Palestine, the mobilization of Palestinian fighters, the admiration of their resistance, and the depiction of the Zionist occupiers' image are considered some of the most significant manifestations of resistance literature. Numerous poets have addressed this theme in various forms of Persian and Arabic poetry and prose.This study aims to apply the concepts of sustainability and resistance concerning Palestine and to design a pragmatic model in this context. The present research is developmental in its objective and qualitative in its approach, conducted through meta-synthesis. The statistical population includes a collection of articles published from 2013 to 2023 on the subject of resistance literature and the Palestinian struggle. The authors selected 66 articles out of 148 from prominent domestic scientific databases and, after content analysis, extracted the categories and concepts, prioritizing them using Shannon's entropy method.Based on the research findings, 32 concepts were identified and categorized into eight themes, which were further divided into two groups: negative and positive factors. The negative concepts include extensive human rights violations by the Zionists, severe criticism of the international community's silence, rejection of any compromise, and the denial of a heedless society. The positive concepts include the transition from Arab identity to Islamic identity, the expansion of the authority of bravery and martyrdom-seeking, coalition and unity, and the realization of the divine promise (depicting a bright horizon of victory).

The two countries of Iraq and Iran, due to the similarity of their political-historical situation in the late 19th century and early 20th century, have witnessed the introduction of many themes in the field of resistance and libertarianism literature. Two of the famous poets in this field are Mohammad Reza Shabibi and Aref Qazvini, whose thoughts have played a special role in inspiring the spirit of resistance and libertarianism of the nations (Issue). The current research has been carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and based on the American school of comparative literature (method).The results show: the poems of both poets are strongly influenced by the prevailing political and social situation. In the form of using rhetorical tools, both of them have been able to play an important role in provoking the audience and harmonizing it with the speaking situation of the word. Their defense weapon was the weapon of the word and the pen. Unlike Aref, Shabibi looks at issues more like a sage and criticizes the negative effects of the chaotic situation in the form of moral vices. The more practical aspect of calling for unity can be seen in Shabibi's poem; Because he entered practical reform like a prophet (findings).

Power, as one of the important components of civil affairs, has generally been the subject of the theoretical reflections of most political and social philosophers; The question of what and how power and its origin and legitimacy have been considered in these theoretical reflections. In this regard, the main question of this research is what is the position of power in Islamic thought and the modern state. For this purpose, this research has compared two thinkers from two different civilizations and times. The hypothesis of the research is that although the concept of power has a significant place in the epistemological system of these two thinkers, the type of approach and the way of conceptual processing is a function of the different thought bases of the two. According to the Platonic-Aristotelian basis of his philosophy, the end of power in Farabi's utopia political system is true happiness, and in the non-ideal political system it is conquest. While for Foucault, power has a social nature and it analyzes the relationships and the network of different social relationships at all levels, rather than being directed towards civil ends; And it also deals with its systematic alternative, resistance. However, in Farabi's thought, a kind of resistance is proposed in the theory of succession, which, although it is negative for him, can be read in the context of a critical reading approach. The method of interpretative research and data collection was library and documentary.

Sardar Shahid Soleimani played an important role in America's failures in the region, which many western officials have also acknowledged. Martyr Soleimani was able to institutionalize the discourse of resistance at the regional level through two important characteristics of personal and organizational (management) characteristics, and now the emergence and emergence of Martyr Soleimani's actions can be seen at different levels of the region. By using the foundation data method and in order to qualitatively investigate this issue, this method is used in the article so that a wider number of components can be investigated. This research is designed with the aim of investigating the role of Shahid Soleimani in America's failures in the region, which was used with a non-prospective sampling method based on interviews. One of the most important results of this research is the spread of the discourse of the Islamic revolution, resistance and the school of Martyr Soleimani in all parts of the world and its transformation into a model and the activation and use of the capacity of factors such as policymakers, elites, brokers, non-governmental organizations, political-cultural, military- security and new communication media, in line with the strengthening and promotion of the field and comprehensive resistance-oriented diplomacy. Also, the components and indicators of the role of Martyr Soleimani in America's failures in the region have also been shown in this research.

Based on Trump's foreign policy and security to curb Iran within its borders, it appears that non-binding sanctions would form the main contributor to the Trump policy towards Iran and could potentially have implications for the comprehensive sanctions 2012-2014. The question now is it possible to change the landscape of the game in such a way that it has a reasonable balance and the legitimate rights of the both sides are protected? Such a change requires a shift in the strategic approach to the asymmetric active counteraction to formal diplomatic approaches, and this paper seeks to formulate a strategic turn around in confronting our enemies. The approach of this paper is analytical and its data is often collected from library and online resources. In this paper, after examining some of the necessary preconditions, based on a series of explicit assumptions that has been inspired from the empirical method of development of Shahid Bagheri, a framework in the international arena for use simultaneously The language of diplomacy and resistance is presented. In fact, this paper is helpful in increasing the cost of West adventure which can be obliged enemies for the treaty.

The world is undergoing rapid and profound changes. These transformations have occurred and emerged in various aspects and levels. in the post-Cold War era and the beginning of the 21st century, Greater opportunities have emerged for the resistance movements in shaping events and activism for non-state actors in international relations. So, the need for the production of literature and the authoring of new works on these topics has been felt more than ever before. However, there is still a noticeable gap in most scientific and academic writings about subjects like "resistance" in its contemporary dimensions. In this regard, this research aims to show whether it is possible to present a novel framework of resistance in international relations in the context of history of the present of international relations? What are the characteristics of this framework of resistance, and what will they be? The argument of this research is that in the present and the future that is unfolding, resistance in the form of a collective and international linkage, with the possibility of being in common without being common is facilitated among its actors; a form of “the International-to-come”. In this regard, the concept of collective agency is considered, which does not imply uniformity or homogenization, but rather a shared purpose without erasing the distinct characteristics of different groups and individuals. This research, based on the approach of Jacques Derrida, examines and analyzes resistance in international relations. The method employed in this study is a qualitative case study. In this regard, the "People's Climate Movement" will be investigated.Based on the proposed content, this research is a modest attempt to examine resistance in the contemporary era. It aims to strengthen dialogues and, consequently, foster interdisciplinary discussions about the theoretical, inclusive, and international dimensions of this concept. Given that orthodox perspectives and narrow views in mainstream international relations hinder such reflections, this research seeks to take a different path and analyze the issue through an interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, it delves into the examination and analysis of resistance in international relations, drawing upon the approach of Jacques Derrida.This research delves into the important aspects of Derrida's views that are relevant to the present study. Specters of Marx is a 1993 book by Jacques Derrida. According to Derrida, the spirit of Marx holds even greater relevance in the aftermath of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the decline of communism. With the demise of communism, the specter of communism begins to reappear on Earth. Derrida seeks to inherit from Marx, not communism itself, but rather the philosophy of responsibility and Marx's spirit of radical critique. In his work, Derrida identifies ten plagues of the global system and presents an account of the emergence of a new form of activism called the "New International". This research emphasizes two concepts in Derrida's approach to analyzing resistance in international relations: the "New International" and "Spectrality".International activism, as a specter-like action, is constantly evolving and changing. Therefore, it represents a collective framework that does not lead to uniformity or homogenization, but rather signifies a shared action based on the diverse characteristics of groups and individuals. International activism forms a bond of kinship, shared suffering, and hope. Specters of "the International-to-come" do not allow us to forget that any imposed unity carries within it a multiplicity. Essentially, anything left out of the defining process returns as a spectral presence in a different form. Therefore, "the International-to-come" lacks a coherent center and a regulated periphery. It is a collection of diverse and uncoordinated struggles and organizations that prioritize points of connection with common objectives. They are of the nature of Communitas (being in common without being common). In accordance with Derrida's interpretation, "the International-to-come" must leave an empty space for unknown and anonymous activism. This act of leaving an empty space signifies a form of indeterminacy and anonymity that implies hospitality for what is yet to come in the future.In a specific case study within the research, the "People's Climate Movement" was examined. The People's Climate Movement was a global climate movement that took place in over 400 cities worldwide in 2014 and has continued to evolve. It is important to note that this uprising is not the ultimate representation and embodiment of resistance in the form of " International-to-come". Rather, it serves as an example that, if we want to see how "the International-to-come" can manifest in the real world, this movement demonstrates a part of its shaping and formulation. Within the research's topic and theoretical framework, the People's Climate Movement can be understood as a metaphorical call to accept the responsibility of ancestral heritage by the survivors and strive for reform through reliance on the revelations of the specter of resistance. The "people," as the primary center of the climate movement, play a crucial role in protests, global demonstrations, whistleblowing, coordination among various institutions, and exerting pressure on governments and international organizations for collaboration, it is evident in the example of the climate movement's key role in the United Nations Climate Conference in 2014. This ultimately led to the Paris Agreement on climate change. On the other hand, the People's Climate Movement fulfills the role of the promised activism of past generations. This movement represents a resistance born out of the present, and it is not waiting for the appearance of a promised messiah. Furthermore, it does not hesitate to seize any opportunity for activism, ranging from large-scale gatherings to unconventional and occasionally controversial actions, such as spraying paint on valuable artworks and buildings, and other similar acts. These instances allude to the hidden capacities of the movement in the realm of resistance, which may exist like a specter in our world, seeking an opportunity to emerge based on the exigencies of time and place. Furthermore, the movement has charted a long-term trajectory, namely the fight against climate change, but it restricts the short-term actions of leadership.Ultimately, the activists of "the International-to-come" do not seek to seize power or dominate the future and the prevailing discourse in international relations. Instead, they demand recognition of their concerns and anxieties.

Identity is those characteristics according to them an individual or a society distinguishes her/him or itself from the others. Ayt. Khamemeei at the position of the leader of I.R.Iran is responsible to appoint social strategies and foreign policies of the country, according to the constitution. Therefor his attitude toward Iranian national identity is very crucial. The aim of this article is to find his opinion toward Iranian national identity, referring to his writings and speeches, and to evaluate his viewpoints in respond to the ideas of the experts of the field. Research method is documentary. Findings show that his declarations are in the field of social policy. He views identity as a cultural matter. According to him, the main axiom of the Iranian national identity is belief in Islam; Persian language, poems and witting in Farsi alfabets are very important parts of this identity. He considers national enthusiasm as a product of national identity, and counts morals and virtues, national dress, architecture and city planning and professional sports as important parts of it.

One of the most important tasks of any political system is to draw efficient strategies for drawing the geometry of interactions inside the country and facing political units in the field of international relations. For such a confrontation, the strategy of the second step of the Islamic revolution, based on the statement of the supreme leader of the revolution, is known as resistance. Examining the jurisprudential foundations of resistance in the Islamic Republic can determine the way of interaction with countries, institutions and international organizations. Therefore, the main problem of the research is, what is the position of the foundations of resistance desired by Ayatollah Khamenei in the system of Shia jurisprudence and which of the jurisprudential chapters can it be explained? The most important achievement of the present research is the explanation of the jurisprudential foundations of resistance as a determining component in the political and economic equations of the Islamic society and overcoming the challenges caused by the power seeking of the global domination system. The present research pursues this hypothesis that the concept of resistance intended by Ayatollah Khamenei can be explained with different chapters of jurisprudence such as defensive jihad, taqiyyah, amrba-maaruf, and the like. This research, with a descriptive and analytical method, during discussions and topics such as confronting tyranny inside the country and negation of domination, independence, achieving modern Islamic civilization in the field of international relations, deals with the jurisprudential explanation of the foundations of resistance in order to be able to provide a reasonable and comprehensive explanation of it. Muslims and intellectuals of the Islamic world.

The discourses have identity components in two dimensions, positive and negative, which is the factor of their ideological continuity and cohesion and their power of equivalence  chain. The equivalence chain of the discourse of resistance in the Middle East has a special dispersion and diversity in terms of politics, ethnicity and religion. The purpose of this research is to identify the identity-giving components of the equivalence chain of the resistance discourse in order to strengthen the ideological coherence and strengthen its identity and strength. Considering the continuity of the discourse of resistance with the discourse of shahid Soleimani and his irreplaceable role in the organization of resistance in the Middle East region, in the research, an effort is made to identify the elements of identity, which are the factors of cohesion and strength of this discourse. The research method is text analysis, extraction and classification of components into two categories of positive and negative identity based on the discourse theory of  Laclau and  Mouffe. Based on the speech of shahid Soleimani, resistance against aggression and, defense- based on Islam, the policy of the leader of the Islamic Revolution, fighting against oppression, emphasizing the culture of sacrifice, parts of the positive dimension and alienation with America. , the Zionist regime and their agents are the identity components of the equivalence chain of the axis of Islamic resistance in the West Asia region. Paying attention to them will strengthen its ideology, meaning system and identity of the equivalence chain.

The Islamic Revolution, as a civilization-building phenomenon, faced many fields of poetry and literature with profound development. The post-revolutionary poetry could not be a poem with aesthetic principles or preserve the social symbolism of the 1970s. Educative and moral themes emerged along with justice-seeking and identity-seeking themes, and the poets of the Islamic revolution such as Sabzevari, Harati, Azizi, Aminpour, etc. tried to crystallize popular ideals and the revolution in contemporary literature. Based on this, the present article tried to examine, analyze, and classify the revolutionary motivations in the poems of four poets of the revolution (Tahereh Saffarzadeh, Seyed Ali Mousavi Garmaroudi, Gheisar Aminpour, and Hamid Sebzevari) while examining the roots of revolution and resistance poetry. The hypothesis of the article is an emphasis on the fact that educational, stable, and critical motivations were the most important reasons for writing post-revolutionary poems in the poetry of these four. The methodology of this article is descriptive-analytical. The findings showed that among the three components of revolutionary motives (educational, stability-resistance, and criticism), the most frequent revolutionary motive among post-Islamic revolution poets is the educational motive.

Since about 200 years ago, the Islamic world has shown many reactions after encountering the western civilization and observing their growth and progress, as well as being aware of its backwardness. Each of these reactions, while being based on the basics, are trying to overcome backwardness and reach development and prosperity. From the point of view of the historical sequence, at the beginning, the modernist thought flow was formed, which, while giving authenticity to the "Islamic tradition", tried to reconstruct it in the land of "Western modernity"; Rafa Tahtawi, Khairuddin Tounsi were examples of this movement. The contradiction between the duality of Islamic tradition and Western modernity caused reactions. Modernism was the manifestation of this reaction, which actually turned towards western modernity to get rid of backwardness. The modernist gave originality to the western civilization and rejected the Islamic tradition. Malkam Khan and Ali Abdul Razaq were the manifestation of this current. This stream also faced a crisis of acceptance among Muslim communities. In response to this crisis, the flow of traditionalism is formed, which, on the contrary, gives authenticity to tradition and rejects modernity. Seyyed Qutb among the Sunnis and Imam Khomeini (RA) among the Shiites were among the founders of this thought, who took the flag of resistance against the West and all its manifestations. In this research, while analyzing these three currents with a paradigmatic approach, we explain the confrontation of the thought of resistance against the domination of the West.

Not so long ago, countries and their rulers sought to achieve their goals and open up to prove their superiority and superiority through military methods and war, but gradually, the importance of military operations diminished and the spread of mass media and their presence in the realm of life. He made persuasion the best and most effective tool for resolving relations between rulers and different people.The aim of this study was to identify persuasion techniques in Al-Manar resistance network. This research was an applied research and the research method was qualitative with a content analysis approach. Based on this, 10 news reports in 2020 were selected from Al-Manar TV programs, including news, political commentaries, and were systematically studied using coding and classification processes.The research findings were classified based on the principles of persuasion of Patos, Logos and Itos.The results showed that Al-Manar network has tried to convince the audience in a logical and reasoned manner by using more than 70% of Logos techniques and only about 22% of Al-Manar reports have been presented to the audience in the form of pathos techniques. As the network's reports on the Resistance Front news are insecure in the region, the Itos index occupies a small share of them.

The current article is looking for the basic question, what is the relationship between the "concept of Islamic resistance" and the fifth decade of the Islamic revolution, considering the contemporary developments in West Asia and North Africa? In other words, are the developments at two levels synergistic and converging, or can the developments be analyzed in another format.(question) The current research is a qualitative study type and the research method is the future research-scenario method. The collection of information in this article has been done by using documentary and library sources including books, articles and internet data.(method)According to the results obtained from the research findings, the relationship between the idea of Islamic resistance and the developments of the fifth decade of the Islamic Revolution can be formulated as follows: First, the transition from the approach of the linear impact of the Islamic Revolution on the idea of resistance and the emergence of mutual and non-linear relationships. two discourses on each other, secondly, creating relative stability in relations instead of previous unstable ups and downs, thirdly, transitioning from previous simple relations and entering a kind of complexity in the level and depth of communication between the two discourses and fourthly, aligning formal and informal diplomacy to Achieving specific goals in both discourses. It seems that the Islamic revolution in the fifth decade, due to the fact that the ideal of the Islamic revolution is a divine and human-building ideal and in fact global, will be in a serious confrontation with the modern western civilization in the trans-regional arena, in a way that Strengthening the resistance front in the West Asia region, the foundations for the extension of this axis in the world arena will be provided under the two indicators of "revival of human identity through the negation of the domination system" and "waiting for the emergence of a savior (perfect human being)".(findings)

Resistance does not happen only through guns and bullets, but literature can also become a form of resistance. National literature can be seen as the representation of feelings, thoughts and ideas of a nation about its homeland. When this issue is accompanied by war, occupation, revolution, chaos, etc., it becomes more tragic and becomes one of the means of resistance against the enemy. Among the different types of literature in Palestine from the past until now, what has been more colorful than other types of literature are poetry, which shows that poetry has more depth than stories, plays, novels and other literary forms, and also has a great difference in terms of diversity with other forms. This article tries to investigate the emergence of Palestinian resistance literature by examining the contemporary history of Palestine and find out how social phenomena have caused the formation of Palestinian resistance literature. Literature that has played a serious role in the resistance of the people of this country. Based on this and considering the compatibility of Skinner's hermeneutic method with sociology of knowledge, both of which seek to establish a link between social and political context and time with concepts and ideas, Skinner's hermeneutic method has been used in this article.

The formation of strategic changes in regional domains can be attributed mainly to technological advancements and geopolitical transformations. The need for knowledge of security issues in a strategic context indicates that any sign of a regional crisis could lead to the rise of security threats. Recent developments over the past decade have demonstrated that the world order has encountered significant geopolitical changes that have altered the regional balance. In this line, the main question of the present article is: What are the signs of crisis and chaos in world politics? What components have affected it? And how could it be handled? Moreover, the present research poses the hypothesis that encountering regional and geopolitical threats in the age of crisis and chaotic politics requires mechanisms of geopolitical turns to control the regional context. The hypothesis is tested in terms of Richard Haass’s theory of dangerous decades and chaotic politics. Haass believes that many emerging regional crises arise from the puzzle of declining world order. To encounter the strategic threats of the new age, countries like Iran need to deploy the mechanisms of geopolitical turn in their regional contexts. It is predicted that the multilateral maneuvers of Asian actors like Iran, China, Russia, and Turkey will not remain limited to the security context. For further establishment, it will tend towards increased diplomatic and economic interactions as well as exchanges of human forces. In this new operational context, the actors need to prepare their domestic environment for the new processes.

With the aim of consolidating the theoretical foundation of Islamic resistance (goal), this article has tried to extract the model of Islamic resistance from the transcendental perspective of Imam Ali (a.s.) by referring to Nahj al-Balagheh (source). In this regard, it seemed that the general view of the historical philosophy of Imam Ali (AS) and its theoretical elements provide a very suitable platform for the explanation of resistance. Based on this issue, the present article is "Knowledge of the place of resistance in the theory of historical philosophy of Imam Ali (AS)" (Problem) By applying the analytical and inferential method and exploring the thematic correlation of the research data (Method), this conclusion was reached that Imam Ali (AS) ) consider history to be purposeful and law-based and the divine traditions governing history as the only valid measure for analyzing history. Historical traditions show a kind of circulation in the course of history with the axis of opposition between right and wrong (reason and ignorance) and resistance plays a role as an irreplaceable element in this pattern. The resistance can be divided into two major stages before the death (prior resistance) and after it (posterior resistance) and the abandonment of resistance is the cause of the downward movement of history and the return of faith societies to ignorance. (Findings)

Sardar Shahid Soleimani played an important role in America's failures in the region, which even many Western officials have acknowledged. Shahid Soleimani was able to institutionalize the discourse of resistance at the regional level with two important personal and organizational (management) characteristics; so today, the reflection of Martyr Soleimani's actions can be seen at different levels in the region. In this article, the database method has been used to qualitatively examine the subject of the article so that more components can be examined. To investigate the role of Shahid Soleimani in America's failures in the region, a non-targeted and interview-based sampling method has been used. One of the most important results of this research is the expansion of the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, the resistance and the school of Martyr Soleimani in all parts of the world and that it is possible to use the capacity of factors such as policymakers, elites, agents, non-governmental organizations, political-cultural, military-security currents and new communication media to strengthen and promote comprehensive resistance-oriented diplomacy. The components and indicators of Martyr Soleimani's role in America's failures in the region are also shown in this research.

The present study analyzes the impact of the Islamic Revolution discourse on the vulnerability of the Zionist regime (Objective). Given the importance of the discourse impact of the Islamic Revolution on the weakening of the Zionist regime and the existence of internal challenges of the regime, this issue can still be discussed (issue). The research question is, what effect has the Islamic Revolution had on the weakness and vulnerability of the Zionist regime, and how will its internal factors play a role in the future of the regime? (Question) The revolutionary discourse will cause the legitimation of the regime and the internal problems of the Zionist regime will also weaken it (hypothesis). The discourse of the Islamic Revolution has led to regional influence and development and increased deterrence on the part of the resistance against the Zionist regime, which has resulted in pressure on the regime in various political, military and social spheres. It will also increase the regime's internal challenges at various political, social, and cultural levels, and the disruption of demographic balance and incoherence, which will be serious obstacles to its survival (Yafteh). The article is done by descriptive-analytical method (research method) and its results show; The Islamic Revolution has changed the political, cultural and social principles and values ​​of society and has had an impact on the region.