منطقه خاورمیانه

The current research, employing the explanatory research method, aims to explore the benefits and obstacles associated with the revival of relations between Egypt and Iran. The question that arises is whether Egypt and Iran are moving towards the restoration of diplomatic relations after several decades of disconnection. We propose the following hypothesis in response: despite numerous obstacles, Arab leaders, including Egypt, have chosen to engage in dialogue with Tehran rather than resorting to confrontation. This decision stems from Sisi's foreign policy strategy, which prioritizes safeguarding his regime, enhancing international freedom of action, and broadening Egypt's alliances, despite potential conflicts with other countries' interests. The results of the research indicate that the governments of Egypt and Iran have made progress towards normalizing relations. But the path of Egypt and Iran to restore diplomatic relations seems long and complicated because there is a need for the two countries to agree on some basic issues.

Following the collapse of the bipolar system, many concepts in international relations underwent significant shifts in meaning. Among these, the concept of security experienced a transformation, shifting from a unidimensional military-focused approach to a multidimensional one. This transformation has influenced the foreign policies of various powers, including China, in the Middle East. This study seeks to answer the question: how has the evolution of the concept of security impacted China's foreign policy in the Middle East? The hypothesis proposed is that the transition of the concept of security from a unidimensional military perspective to a multidimensional one has led China to focus on various dimensions of security, such as political, economic, military, and cultural factors in the Middle East. To analyze the changes in China's foreign policy in the region, the study examines four key aspects: the role and significance of energy in China's relations with Middle Eastern countries, China's trade exchanges with the region, China's political strategy in the Middle East, and the significance of the Middle East within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.

With an innovative action, especially in the last decade, the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken a strategy to deal with terrorism, which at the same time deals with the roots and intellectual and religious foundations of terrorism and tries to dry up the roots and causes of terrorism simultaneously in a tactical manner. And the operation has also dealt with manifestations of terrorism and has prevented the spread of terrorist acts, and in this field, it has had extensive cooperation with international organizations such as Interpol and the International Police. The Islamic Republic of Iran as one of the countries where the phenomenon of terrorism is linked to its security and has been damaged by terrorism in a dual way; At the same time, it has used military and tactical tools to deal with the manifestations of terrorism, it has tried to dry up the roots of terrorism and deal with the factors that cause terrorist actions, and it has adopted special policies to deal with terrorism. With an innovative action, especially in the last decade, the Islamic Republic of Iran has taken a strategy to deal with terrorism, which at the same time deals with the roots and intellectual and religious foundations of terrorism and tries to dry up the roots and causes of terrorism simultaneously in a tactical manner. And the operation has also dealt with the manifestations of terrorism and prevented the spread of terrorist acts, and in this field, it has had extensive cooperation with international organizations such as Interpol and the International Police. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the countries where the phenomenon of terrorism is linked with its security, has been damaged by terrorism in a dual way.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research approach. The data collection method is using library and internet sources. Artificial intelligence is a new technology that briefly means the ability of a computer system to perform tasks that usually requires human intelligence. from the point of view of soft balance theoretical approach, we answered this question "What effect does artificial intelligence have on the future of regional competitions?" and for answering the mentioned question, hypotheses in the format: "It seems that with the advancement of artificial intelligence in the Middle East, we will witness a shift in power from the hardware domains to the software domains relying on new technologies" was raised. In this research, the position of artificial intelligence in the Middle East region and the role and impact of artificial intelligence in the following dimensions: military-defense, security-political, economic and environmental in the studied countries including: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Turkey, Israel and the future of regional competitions was studied. The findings of the research indicate that the concept of power and the means of its application have always changed and are currently under the influence of new developments that have emerged in the international system; Including the appearance of new technologies and artificial intelligence, the nature of power has also changed, so to respond to the new developments that have a complex nature; relying only on military weapons will not be enough, but also new technologies should be used in all areas, which has drastically changed the power structure, effective actors and the future of regional competitions.

The effect of changing the strategy of the dominant hegemon in the West Asian region and changing the rules and the playing field is an important and influential issue on Iran's security-political environment. The main question of this research is what is the strategy of the United States in the period of Biden in the West Asian region and what effect does it have on Iran's national security? It seems that Biden's strategy towards Iran has changed from direct balancing to Offshore balancing. This strategy will also create opportunities such as Iran's greater freedom of action and leaving the country's hands free in the axis under its influence, and threats such as Iran's further isolation in its area of influence due to the unification of the Arab countries in the region with Israel (Ibrahim Peace Program). Handing over the West Asian region to regional allies and qualitatively monitoring it and prioritizing the fight against Iran's nuclear program is the most important strategy of the Biden government in the region. The current research was carried out with a descriptive-analytical approach and the method of data collection was library and using reliable internet sources.

The diversity and multiplicity of meanings and the transformation of concepts is one of the main features of the knowledge of international relations. In the age of globalization, there has been a tremendous change in the sources and types of threats, and power as a tool to repel threats is considered one of the most important and central concepts of international relations. Despite the fact that the traditional understanding of the concept of power (especially in realist theories and influenced by them) in international relations has been a mostly hardware and static understanding, but nowadays the concept of power has faced serious changes. Today, with the intensification of international interactions, the acceleration of institutional changes, the development of the process of global interconnection, the importance of norms and the increase in the role of non-governmental actors, and the development of information and communication technology, the way of perception of power and the mechanisms of its application have also changed and become more complicated. Based on this, despite the predominance of the realism approach in international relations, the definition of power as an ability focused on force has been seriously criticized and a new evolution has been created in the concept and application of power. In this regard, concepts such as soft power and smart power have been proposed. Considering this issue, the main goal of the current research is to review the evolution of the concept of power and its effect on the regional security strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this article, with a descriptive-analytical method, we are looking for an answer to the question, what effect did the evolution of the concept of power have on the regional security strategy of the Islamic Republic of Iran? The findings of the research show that the evolution of power and the ineffectiveness of hard and soft power have led the Islamic Republic of Iran to multiple sources of power and their intelligent combination in the international arena, and the simultaneous pursuit of these two dimensions of power (hard and soft) It has provided the ground to improve the status of this country and deal with regional threats.

In the new arena of international politics, one of the tools that political units use to achieve their national and strategic goals and interests is soft power. In recent years, due to the importance of soft power in achieving the national goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it has tried to increase and increase the efficiency of its soft power capacities in line with its strategic goals in the developments of Syria. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the actors in the region that could not remain indifferent to the developments in Syria, has used a special soft strategy to influence these developments. By raising the question of what position soft power has had in Iran's foreign policy in relation to the developments in Syria, the upcoming research has proposed the hypothesis that the foreign policy component in the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran with an emphasis on central security and the role of the people in determining sovereignty It has had a greater impact on the developments in Syria. With the occurrence of the Islamic revolution in Iran and the formation of the Islamic Republic, relations between Iran and Syria have entered a new phase. The method used in this research is analytical and descriptive.

In recent decades, the United States has been trying to expand its influence and interventions in various parts of the world, especially the Middle East. Therefore, the Middle East has always been of American interest due to its geopolitical and geostrategic importance. Using its centers of study and strategists, it architectures the geometry of power in the region in line with its foreign strategies and policies. Nowadays phenomena such as Islamophobia, arms race, ethnic and religious conflicts, sectarianism, disintegration, undermining resistance to traditional goals (vital US interests, maintaining Israeli security, ensuring free energy flow) Has caused instability in the Middle East. So, in light of this fact, in the explanatory-analytical way, we seek to answer the question of how and to what extent American strategists have been instrumental in constructing religious wars in the Middle East. Accordingly, our hypothesis is that American strategists in think tanks and theories through theorizing and reflecting on US statesmen and political elites, along with presenting how they execute, delineate models and strategies, Religious wars have been instrumental in the Middle East. The scientific findings of the present study indicate that the strengthening of these extremist currents has been an important catalyst for the religious wars in the region that have led to sectarianism, deterrence from Israel and Islamophobia. US strategists appear to be playing a role in creating widespread instability and reviving the thirty-year European wars in the Middle East.

The unique geographical location and established social factors have made the Middle East a strategically important region, as it lies at the center of the three continents of Asia, Europe, and Africa, offering the shortest air and water routes to Europe and Asia. It is therefore essential to study the various dimensions and effects of outer space on the region. The term outer space was first coined by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and has been extensively researched in recent decades. The present era is therefore the period of advent of high technology, which is rapidly expanding, thus making it possible to reach ultra-atmospheric spaces. In the present Middle East landscape, there is a great deal of tension between countries. Any nation, which is able to possess a variety of science particularly control over outer space will enjoy a particular status. For this reason, conducting studies in this regard is of utmost importance especially for Iran, given its search for technological advances and pursuit of aerospace programs. Such studies will enhance Iran’s sociopolitical influence, boosting its regional and even international power.

Fundamental change in security concept and its concentration on non-military dimension in addition to globalization and promotion of interdependence between countries have some consequences such as economic importance in foreign policy and its impact on priorities and instruments of foreign policy. In addition, some other factors like livelihood factors as base of legitimate foundations of political systems and regionalism trends have helped to focus on economic diplomacy in the region. This article with assumption of economic diplomacy importance is seek to analysis challenges and obstacles of this diplomacy in the middle east. The question is what challenges are before I.R of Iran s economic diplomacy? As a hypothesis and rely on descriptive- explanative method, this article argues Iran economic diplomacy in the middle east is encounter some multiple challenges in national, regional and global level. Findings of the article shows these challenges in national level are lack of visible definition from the concept, different and invisible models of development, lack of main and single agency, security-military view dominance on foreign policy, securitization milieu of middle east, similar economies not complementary, multilateralism weakness in regional level and finally great powers interventions in the regional and consequences of global economic crisis are main challenges in global level.

In recent decades, terrorism increasingly has made business environment more insecure, and thus policy makers faced with two key questions: First, what are the economic forces for the emergence of terrorism? Second, how terrorism does influence business environment? We focus on MENA countries. According to literature, global trade and foreign investments need to raise and maintain the economic security. In some countries, terrorism can increase political risks and lead to isolation of these countries in the world. Present study tries to explore about terrorism originated in economic causes and its relationship with business environment in MENA countries. This research is an applied research according to its nature and its method of data collection is a descriptive study. In First section, we assess terrorism around the world and MENA. In second section, we study the effects of terrorism on business environment. Our results suggest that regional terrorism in the recent decade has had significant negative impact on indicators such as country risk level, investment and foreign trade in MENA region.

Knowledge is one of the sources of power and power, is determining many of the relationships, so study as the most important basis for awareness generation, it will promote the general knowledge of society and this itself makes human relationships, see the least tensions. Study has an important role in helping to make a sustainable peace culture. Increasing awareness and expanding the study culture is prerequisites creation and the spread of the culture of peace. Therefore, current study is trying to by explaining the state of peace and studying in different parts of the world with emphasizing The Middle East region to pay compare the status of these two components and their ratio in the world and especially in the Middle East. This research done in the library method. It is also done based on the statistics gathered from official sources, comparison between countries in peace indicators happened and study and necessary parsing and analysis done. Findings show middle east is the world's most unforgiving region which despite its precious historical background in the field of line, writing and library, today's in per capita study index and other related cultural indicators, have not an appropriate situation. The appropriate situation in both components is mainly belongs to developed countries. Peace and study have a two-way relationship. Preliminary study and in other words, is an important component in the creation and expansion of peace in the world. Study will help to create and expand peace in the security of the community. Peace also by creating calm conditions (peaceful security and economics) in the community and strengthening and establish information centers and information's producer provides conditions for the promotion of knowledge and the expansion of the study culture.

From a realistic perspective, how to earn, retain, and increase power is always the most important goal of countries in the international arena. Regardless of other domestic considerations, the Islamic Republic of Iran is no exception to this general rule. Power, besides being a goal, can be considered as an instrument of the foreign policy device of our country. In this study, with emphasis on Intelligent Power Theory, Susan Nassl, is concerned with how smart power plays a role in increasing Iran's position in the Middle East? And how can it be used to promote the status of Iran in the region.According to the hypothesis of the article, according to the content of the 20-year vision document and the major targets for Iran in the year 1404, the application of intelligent power as a way of converting goals to desired results can be in the twentieth-century international conditions. And the first one that exercising power "with others" has replaced the exercise of power "against others", is also effective and effective in increasing the dignity of Iran. The present research, while analyzing the theoretical foundations of intelligent power and its dimensions, uses a descriptive-analytical method to explain Iran's position in the Middle East.

Islamic Awakening in the Arabic countries in 2011 with the revolution entered a new phase, with the wide implications. The hope was that with a growing wave of popular revolutions, the new order, regional and endogenous form ; But with unfinished revolution and diverting the Islamic Awakening, the situation of conflict, animosity and civil war in some countries in the region and the fate of nations in the region was faced with serious challenges. Field study and risk factors In the process, opportunities and threats in the form of Islamic awakening, could be an important step in understanding the current situation and outlining possible strategies to take advantage of opportunities in Iran's foreign policy and threat control. In this article Is trying to use the SWAT model (swot) Islamic Awakening Mtalhshvd opportunities and threats. And the question to be answered, Threats against Iran's Islamic awakening in the Middle East what opportunities Iran is facing in relation to the Islamic awakening in the Middle East? The results showed that circumstances have created opportunities presented by the Islamic Republic could The spread of Islamic Awakening in the foreign policy arena and also can take the threats.

The changes which occurred in late 1990s had considerable impacts on the world geopolitics and international system as well. After the end of the cold war, the world order has undergone some changes and a new world order has emerged. This paper examines the whiteness of these developments and their impacts on the Middle East in 1990s. American victory in the Persian Gulf paved the way for the United States to unilaterally expand its influence in the Middle East and to promote the idea of new world order. In the American perception, coordination and military power are equal and a world obedient to the U.S is considered as a world having both coordination and order. This is the case in the Middle East. America’s influence in the region lets the Americans manage the conflicts and forge order and coordination as well. The main question is that what was the impact of adopting the new world order policy by the U.S.A in the Middle East from 1991 to 2000 and the hypotheses will be as following: adopting the policy of the new world order after the cold war caused the expansion of America’s influence in the Middle East.

Currently، a major manifestation of soft power influence in foreign policy is soft power of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. As a political unite Islamic republic of Iran has an identity. This identity is consisted of national، Islamic، revolutionary، and Eastern elements which lead its behavior in international arena. In the light of soft power and values such as martyrdom، moralities، justice، independence، and confrontation with west and Zionism، Iran managed to initiate re-believing and awakening process in region and show its soft power abilities in the Middle East. In this paper we try to study the effects of the Iranian soft power on the Islamic awaking in Northern Africa specially Egypt، Tunisia، and Libya.