هستی شناسی

In connection with the ontology of Martyr Soleimani's strategies in the Islamic world, different views are presented. On the one hand, the supporters of the Neo-conservative system believe: Martyr Soleimani's strategies are due to Iran's expansionism to penetrate the Islamic world. The other side of this bipolarity, which is being published by native thinkers in the Islamic world, is based on the principle that the strategies of Martyr Soleimani are not for influence; Rather, it is for the unity of the Islamic world against the Neo-conservatism system (problem); (Study Plan). This article follows the descriptive-analytical method (Method). The Oppression Front (the system of domination) has tried to reverse this Islamic-Iranian method and the most important tool to achieve this goal is to draw the attention of the Islamic world to the ontological issues of Shahid Soleimani's strategies (providing a distorted interpretation of the strategies). Therefore, the most important thing for indigenous thinkers is to make the syntax of these strategies more visible (Findings).

From the point of view of political psychology, the behavior and political ethics of the prophets and imams in forming a desirable society was not the Machiavellian method of Western ideas, which is based on lies, force, corruption, deceit, and deceit. Rather, it is based on the teachings and methods of the Qur'an and divine ontology, and these methods are patient, brave, strong, have high self-confidence, and are also very strong-hearted and hard-hearted towards unbelievers, and are very compassionate and kind to each other. 29. Fatah) This research is qualitative and of the type of library and documentary studies. The information obtained has been qualitatively analyzed using experts.
The findings of the research will show that the application of ontology in the field of political psychology leads to the realization of the ideal society. A practical example of that is Imam Khomeini, who studied political and campaign psychology in the framework of Quranic ontology and succeeded in creating a system and a desirable society in the Iranian revolution. His success was due to two reasons. Divine Knowledge) Secondly, he had made the moral behavior of the prophets and infallible imams his model in establishing a desirable government system, and this was the condition for his success in establishing a desirable system in the Islamic Revolution of Iran.

The field of international relations in the field of theorizing includes a wide range of theories. From the traditional range of theories of international relations to the late theories and reflectionism, which has been a reaction to the traditional and ruling theories in international relations. One of the most important developments in the field of international relations theories is the emergence of meta-theoretical issues in this field. meta-theoretical debates in international relations have been raised since the end of the 20th century, especially in the last international relations debates, which was the debate between rationalists and reflective theories, and this debate is more philosophical in nature, and the field of philosophy of science has been used to examine and evaluate other theories. meta-theory actually examines, analyzes and describes the theory. In other words, meta-theory deals with the ontological, epistemological and methodological dimensions of a theory. One of the recent and reflective theories in the field of international relations is the theory of feminism. Most of the proponents of this theory are inspired by poststructuralism. Feminists also question the dimensions of ontology, epistemology and methodology of traditional theories of international relations, especially realism, and consider them insufficient to analyze the realities of today's world. The purpose of this research is to investigate and familiarize with the ontological, epistemological and methodological dimensions of the theory of feminism and to what extent these dimensions can give us a more accurate and better understanding in the field of international relations and world politics issues.

Theory is the most important tool for analyzing human actions and phenomena of international relations. Practice Theory is one of the most recent efforts in the field of theorizing international relations and has attracted many fans. Rather than being considered as a structured and articulated theory belonging to a specific person, Practice Theory, is considered a new theoretical field with its own metatheoretical issues. Generally; The main focus of This Theory is on the analysis of international political relations by highlighting specific procedures and patterns in which human actions take place. Undoubtedly, the most important metatheoretical element of any theoretical framework; It is its ontological basis. Based on this, in this research, by describing the ontological foundations of the Practice theory, we are trying to answer this basic question: What are the criticisms and in what dimensions are the ontological foundations of the Practice theory and, if possible, how can these flaws be resolved? The tested hypothesis is as follows: despite the claim of its supporters, the Practice Theory does not have an independent ontology and the emphasis on common bodily procedures and standard verbs in international interactions is ultimately another expression of the construction of the social world; By adopting a constructivist approach and basically a deep constructivist understanding, it explains all the ontological claims of Practice Theory well, and in fact, This Theory should be examined under constructivism and not even neo-constructivism. The method of conducting this research is Analytical-Explanatory and with an emphasis on criticizing the views of practicalists.

Political Islam, which re-emerged at the same time and following the victory of the Islamic Revolution in the last decades of the 20th century. With proposing Islamic foundations and teachings toward civilizational identity, it affected various dimensions of today's societies, including the international system, as the official environment and framework of the activities of activists. The current research, using the descriptive-analytical method studies the question: which are the theoretical foundations and structure of the international system from the view of this discourse? The results of the research show that political Islam puts Islamic identity at the center of political action in the direction of civilization and defines the international system in relation to the goal of creating the world and man by emphasizing spirituality, rationality and justice. This discourse, for the sake of a just world order, opposes the structural logic of the current system both in terms of its focus on material interests and emphasizes the sovereignty of divine and human values, and by forming transnational loyalty, it makes the international system based on arrogant/poor based on the opposition of right and wrong.

Iqbal Lahori is one of the leaders in the revival of religious thought, as a painstaking thinker in the Islamic field, he is of great importance. While familiar with Islam and its thought , he has had deep studies on Western philosophy, and these deep studies allowed him to Follow the construction of the political system from the heart of Islamic principle .In this article, Iqbal's theoretical and political foundations are examined; In order to answer this question, what kind of government is he considering in his theoretical foundations? Iqbal explains in detail the choice and freedom of action of man in the light of monotheistic view and the presence of intuitive knowledge along with other elements of knowledge according to Islamic principles .According to these principles, in the examination of politics and government from Iqbal's point of view, we come to his democratic statement. In this article, we seek to examine the progress of this thinking. In this article, we have used the documentary method by referring to library sources.

 The main purpose of this study is to identify the foundations of the ontology of mystical education in the education system of the Islamic Republic of Iran according to the document of fundamental change in education and the national curriculum of the Islamic Republic. The research method was applied descriptive in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection with a qualitative approach and statistical population, the document of fundamental change and the curriculum of the Islamic Republic. The data collection tool is a checklist for recording the concepts of categories related to the components of monotheistic ontology (principle of unity of existence) and love, which has been approved by experts in the field of education. The collected data are first summarized, then presented and interpreted for conclusion. The results of the research have shown: the philosophical foundations of mystical education in the ontology component, in the framework of the principle of unity of existence and love in the document of transformation and national curriculum, With the attitude of monotheistic ontology, the trainer considers the trainer as a shadow and manifestation of the true manifestation and deals with education and upbringing with perfection, love and compassion, and considers the growth of the trainer in all dimensions of identity as his own growth, that this style of emotional education, a new perspective It is global in the field of education.Keywords: Philosophical Foundations, Mystical Education, Document of Fundamental Transformation of Education, National Curriculum of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The holy Quran describes God's will as the genesis and wellspring of any and all power in the universe. Therefore, it is necessary to interpret the concept of power ontologically and to analyse its essence, function, and constituent elements, as well as its substantial or abstract features. In this regard, the research addresses the following question: "What are the Quran's and international relations' viewpoints on the notion of power?" The descriptive-analytical method has been used to answer this question, and a desk research strategy to collect data from the library and the Internet. The fundamental result is that theories of international relations separate power components into substantial and abstract structures, such as militaristic, economic, and ideological, and see it negatively when it becomes operational. Unlike international relations theories of power, however, the holy Quran gives the abstract components of power priority over its substantial components and praises them. International relations theories see power as a means of achieving domination over others and self-satisfaction. Furthermore, such views promote war and see peace as a peripheral and temporary phenomenon. According to the holy Quran, people who receive power from God (whether individuals or society members) and employ this God-given power to please the almighty God will never dominate others in any period or location.

The influence of modern ideas in Qajar era Iran gradually forced different social groups to react against this emerging cultural wave. The empirical accumulation in contemporary Iran along with the transformation that occurred during the constitutional revolution in political concepts led to the production of two general theories in facing the West and backwardness. In fact, these two theories emerged in response to three important issues of backwardness, colonialism, and tyranny. In this research, we are trying to answer the question of what is the idea of "transcendence" and what are its foundations as a competing theory of the western progressive theory in the political and social thought of contemporary Iran. Has science and epistemology benefited in the face of tyranny and colonialism? The answer to this question will be possible by identifying the angle of view, separating the cognitive factors and referring to the details of the theory of transcendence; Therefore, understanding the concepts and analyzing the trajectory of the theory of transcendence in contemporary Iranian political thought and explaining the foundations and forces affecting the formation of the theory of transcendence in the two dimensions of ontology and epistemology are among the goals of this research. In order to discuss ontology in the thought of transcendence, it is necessary to pay attention to the view of this thought about identity, Islam, the West, history and civilization. By defining and expecting these concepts, transcendental politics builds the foundation of its epistemology and by criticizing western theories, it tries to protect the independent Iranian Islamic existence against all kinds of competing intellectual systems as a grand narrative. The concepts of ontology of the thought of transcendence build their ideal model based on the criticism of three readings of religion, modernity and history.

The issue of Good-and-Evil is one of the important problem that has always been the thoughts of the thinkers of different religions as well as the people. It also attracts ordinary people. in ancient China, it was also very important. As we can say that this two conflicting sides in this land have a central role for the sustainability of society and the moral system and order.According to the teachings of Tao,Te,Ching and in many of Elyotseh's moral excellence, the role of these two menstrual (Good-and-Evil) can be seen clearly. In fact, the origin of these two rules, are the same contradiction between the most basic structure of nature, namely, Two Complementary Elements, )yin(earth, negative, female (yang) heaven, positive, Male.These are the sources of change and symbols of creation. And the harmony between them brings order to the world So the question can be stated, that these two forces - to what extent do,- play an essential role in the Taoys' individual conduct and his view to the world And how can there be a balance between them?Thus, the present study discusses the role of good and evil forces in the Ontology and anthropology of Taoism based on Taoist Qing texts.Keywords: Ontology, Anthropology, Good and Evil, Te,Ching , Yin and Yang

Practice Theory (PT) is one of the latest theoretical achievements in International Relations. This theory consists of different theoretical approaches that focus on studying international practices as stuff of international politics. This article argues that Practice Theory is based on specific meta-theoretical and philosophical foundations, that make it a distinct theory from other International Relations theories. Then, the main objective is to explore and explain the ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations of Practice Theory. It is argued that Practice Theory is based on “foundational pluralism”; a pluralistic and eclectic ontology, epistemology and methodology that go beyond dualistic metatheory of some other International Relations theories like Constructivism. So that, in relational ontology of Practice Theory dichotomies of reality/mind, theory/practice, structure/agency, constitution/causation, and materialism/ideationalism are all dissolved. Practice Theory epistemology is a pluralistic on implying explanation and understanding, simultaneously. Pluralistic methodology of Practice Theory is a combination of experimentalism, interpretivism and abduction or inference to the best explanation.

The purpose of this study is to identify the ontological and epistemological foundations of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the holy defense. The main question of the article is "What are the nuclear and epistemological signs of Iran's foreign policy during the holy defense?" The research hypothesis points to the fact that "the ontological forms of the foreign policy of sacred defense are based on the teachings of Islamism and on the signs of jihad and resistance, religious leadership and promise." "While the epistemological forms of foreign policy have been a function of the necessities of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in the field of revolutionary diplomacy, securing legitimacy and tactical expediency."The research is of applied type and has been done using descriptive and historical methods. The method of data collection is field and the tool of documents has been used to collect data and the collected data has been analyzed by content analysis method. The results of the research show that the hypothesis has been confirmed.

The concept of Islamic society and its theoretical foundations in this article are important in at least from two dimensions: First, this concept is one of the ways to differentiate it from other societies (such as liberal society, communist society, or even non-Islamic religious communities). Secondly, in the five stages of attaining Islamic civilization (Islamic Revolution, Islamic system, Islamic State, Islamic society and Islamic civilization) depicted by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Islamic society as the fourth stage of civilization is very important. The main question of the present study is what are the most important fundamental factors influencing Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's view of Islamic society and How does this affect it? In order to understand this particular notion and to discover the position of Islamic society in Khamenei's intellectual system, it is necessary to understand the a priori foundations of Islamic society in his views. The hypothesis of this paper is that Ayatollah Ali Khamenei's a priori thoughts foundations have a decisive impact on his perception and attitude towards Islamic society. The findings of this study – have gained by descriptive-analytical methods- show that the four fundamental concepts of "Tawhid (monotheism)", "Velayat (guardianship)", "Islamic ontology" and "Islamic anthropology" have a particular effect on the formation of the position of Islamic society in Ayatollah Khamenei's attitude.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the theoretical foundations of the International Semantic System of Islam (ISSI) considering the concept of "Soft Power". such a system has the capacity to and analyze global phenomena; For example, War, Power in its hard or soft forms. The question of the present study is, what is the position of the Soft Power in the semantic system of Islamic international relations?" The research hypothesis is that "the position of soft power is, in the foundations of attitude, ontological teachings and the epistemological system of Islam, which rely mainly on the elements of Soft Power. By applying Sadr's systematization method and presenting the elements of the Islamic system, it is clear that the concept of soft power is located in four levels:Especially in the foundations of the ISSI and the semantic system has been transferred to other layers as well and the four principles of "methodology", "ontology", "epistemology" and "anthropology" of this system are arranged in such a way that, it has the necessary capacity to deal with different types of power. The research finding emphasizes that in the international semantic system of Islam, the role of Muslims in international dynamics stems from their adherence to spiritual forces and soft power; Although Muslims do not have much hard power in the current situation; But with a belief in Islamic values such as " No compulsion in religion, martyrdom and patience"; They have a good soft power lever to play role in global dynamics.

Order and justice are the most important concepts of thought that are rooted in the worldview and ideology of each nation. Accordingly, the idea of Tensor, the Zoroastrian priest of the Sassanid era, is influenced by the religion of Zoroaster and his mythological view of the universe. In his view, myths direct and regulate the view of the pious and religious man towards himself and nature. A cosmic order in which everything has an end and everyone acts in his own duty under the supervision of Ahura Mazda in the battle of good and evil. The mirror of this upright view on earth becomes the chief-centered system in which the three elements of the ideal king, the universal religion, and the social hierarchy, establish order and justice according to the eternity law called Ashe. Justice is transmitted from the individual to society, and all its details correspond exactly to religion and the cosmic order. The Tensor Letter is one of the classic texts in which the outlines of the political thought of ancient Iran are drawn. Political thought reflected in this text reflects the norms of the political and social environment of this period and the author has theorized in the prevailing religious intellectual space, namely the Zoroastrian worldview. The method used in this article, based on Tensor's letter, is Skinner's text-context-based method. In this article, an attempt was made to represent the role of mythology in the formation of the cosmic order in Tensor's letter.

Univocalism in differentiating material material causes very serious differences in the dimensions, levels, and methods of security, which, by focusing on each one, can also distinguish between two different attitudes towards security. Based on these two types of attitudes, the foundations of ontology, epistemology and a different methodology have been formed. After examining these attitudes, one can study the security foundations of monotheistic and teaching schools based on these levels.The need to address this is to examine the challenges in the real world of security of the world and the confrontation between different security approaches and, consequently, to identify the exact cause of these differences and contradictions in the context of the ruling space of today's international relations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to become familiar with the fundamental and The basis of the worldview is the intellectual and theological ideology of various security schools ruling the world and examining the various components of the most important security schools of the ruling and analyzing the objective and practical outcomes of these schools in different scenes of individual and social life of humans as well as on the international scene.The study of the main cause of the difference in meaning and concept of security, the purpose of security, the origin of security, the issue of security, the dimensions of security and mechanisms for achieving security in the divine books and the question of this research. By analyzing and comparing the theoretical foundations and the security approach, the examples of material schools (realism, liberalism) and the study of the divine school (Islam) revealed that the difference in the security approach of these three streams originated from the difference in their ontology constraints.
This research has been developed in a descriptive-analytical manner and with the use of credible library resources.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the evolution of the foundations of Iranian political thought in the face of modernity and to measure its consequences in the political life of Iranians during the Qajar period. The main question is what are the basic epistemological propositions based on the prevailing epistemological principles in Iran before confrontation with modernity, and how did these propositions change after the confrontation? In this study, the impact of modernity on the field of ontology, epistemology and anthropology of Iranian political thought during the Qajar period was investigated and the extent of developments in each of these three sectors and their results were examined. Also, the evolution of the principles of the evolutionary and legislative rule of God and the knowledge of man on the one hand, and the study of the effects of these changes on political thought on the other were explored. The data of this research have been analyzed with a historical approach and within the framework of qualitative analysis method; the desired information was also collected by library-documentary method. The results show that in the beginning, this confrontation was active and the change in political thought and its structures took place while maintaining the general principles of political thought; therefore, we rarely encounter letters that indicate a violation of the established principles of this confrontation.

Consultation as one of the social and political concepts of the Qur'an and of the prophetic traditions has strengthened the religious democracy. On the other hand, it is also an intrinsic component of the theory of deliberative democracy. Thus, a brief examination of the concept in both theories can reveal the nature of these theories and the mechanism of their governance. At the same time, the concept of consultation, although common in both theories, exists on the ontological, epistemological, and anthropological grounds, and there are substantial differences between them that can be attributed to being monotheistic and humanistic. The present study has attempted to briefly explain the aforementioned distinctions and the two theories from the perspective of the scholars in this field and explain the place of consultation in each of them. At the end a table of similarities and differences in the concept of deliberation is presented in the two theories of religious democracy and deliberative democracy