پیشگیری

The issue of drug-related crimes is a critical challenge for societies worldwide, requiring comprehensive prevention strategies beyond punitive measures. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, traditional criminal justice approaches have proven insufficient in curbing drug-related offenses, necessitating the adoption of advanced predictive and preventive methodologies. This study explores the application of data mining techniques in forecasting and preventing drug-related crimes. By analyzing 1,885 judicial cases from Shahriar’s criminal records, this research assesses the effectiveness of machine learning algorithms in identifying criminal patterns and enabling law enforcement agencies to make data-driven decisions.

The highly infectious respiratory disease called COVID-19 started in Wuhan, a city of more than eleven million people in China, and quickly spread to other parts of the world. The epidemic of the coronavirus has affected the interactions and lifestyle, and the lifestyle has changed concerning the prevention requirements. The lifestyle and observance of health protocols on different scales can disrupt daily routines and significantly alter and disrupt the material conditions in which crime may occur. In general, it seems that lifestyle has a significant effect on the occurrence of crime and deviance, and in order to reduce the occurrence of crimes, lifestyle should be given the attention of those involved in this field in order to prevent the occurrence of crime. In terms of objective, this research is an applied study and, in terms of methodology to collect analytical data the research, from the opinions of one hundred and five scholars and experts in the Ministry of Health, Treatment and Medical Education, Welfare Organization, Deputy of Crime Prevention, Judiciary and Force. Discipline has been used. For data analysis, a combination of "descriptive-analytical-survey" has been carried out based on separate clustering and finally, these results have been obtained that there is a relationship between lifestyle and compliance with health protocols in social communication and prevention of crimes related to COVID-19. There is a significant relationship.

Despite the implementation of such a policy in the Netherlands, this does not mean that drug use has been accepted in general, but on the contrary, the implementation and formulation of numerous laws in this country and the criminalization of new psychoactive substances in recent years show It is from the transformation of this country into a collection of countries with a policy of confrontation and control. However, preventive policies can be seen through recognizing the complications and problems of substances for consumers, which can be effective if they are applied correctly. On the other hand, there are various activities for prevention, which include regulations and policy implementation, awareness, education, monitoring, counseling and support through health systems, as well as attention to the impact of the social and physical environment. The established methods and structures can be seen in the opium law, the plans of the Ministry of Health, municipal actions and the separation of hard and soft drugs and the formulation of similar laws for coffee houses, which include clear dual policies. The application of dual policies in this country has resulted in different results at different levels. On the one hand, legislation aimed at criminalization and control, and on the other hand, preventive policies have not been able to complement each other in some cases in order to reduce harm. Family and social problems caused by drugs and psychotropic substances in this country.

Establishing peace and security and preventing international crimes in the world has been one of the great dreams of mankind, so many efforts have been made in pursuit of this thought. With the occurrence of terrible crimes during the Second World War, the idea of creating the International Criminal Court has been taken into consideration once again, and thus the International Criminal Court came into existence. But the question that arises is what role does the International Criminal Court play in preventing international crimes? which answers this question in a descriptive-analytical way that the establishment of the International Criminal Court as a permanent and universal court is an important step in the process of fighting impunity. The court tries to prevent international crimes by creating a link between international peace and security and criminal justice, which we will discuss in this article. The main finding is that although the ICC can contribute constructively to legal change towards accountability and change in international law, its prospects for direct and meaningful deterrence of future crimes are slim. As a result, the current method of relying on ICC as a crisis management tool will be illogical and unfair.

Negative personality traits have a deep relationship with committing crimes. Each person's personality is formed based on her/her personality traits, and if a negative personality trait grows, it leads a person to do bad things. The purpose of the current research is to examine the jurisprudential and legal effects of Islamic lifestyle in preventing white-collar crimes. Traditionally, white collar crimes in criminology are known as crimes committed by high-ranking people at work. In this research, considering the nature and quality of this research, the research method is document analysis type, and considering the subject of this research, which examines jurisprudential and legal prevention strategies of these crimes, this research is one of the basic researches. The research tool also includes questionnaires and the data has been collected, classified and analyzed using qualitative analysis methods. Some of the findings of this research show  that the high status of white collar criminals in social and economic structures prevents these criminals from being labeled as criminals and Islamic lifestyle plays an important role in preventing these crimes.

Today, in all the tax systems of the world, the importance of issues related to the income tax of commercial companies and its impact on the economy of governments, as well as its role in the free economy and legitimate competition, is undeniable, and even special attention is paid to the financial reports of joint-stock companies, and the process of measuring basic indicators It is very important, including profit, tax, cash, etc. The income of commercial companies is one of the most important tax sources of governments. In terms of commercial law, there is no essential difference between anonymous shares and other types of shares so that they are not subject to taxation. If the problem is to be looked at from an economic point of view and anonymous shares are considered tax-exempt, it needs a clear text and justification in dealing with the principle of equality of taxation on similar incomes. On the other hand, practical companies use their non-recognition by the government as an excuse for big tax evasions, and because of tax discrimination, they lead to the dissatisfaction of other taxpayers. Tax is not only an important part of the government's income, but at the same time it is used as one of the most important financial policy tools to achieve economic and social goals. The tax collected from legal entities and specifically from companies constitutes an important part of the government's source of income, so that the government, by creating tax laws to collect and collect taxes, and directing them towards infrastructure investment, actually plays an important role in economic development. It acts as a complement to the activities of the private sector in investment. Tax policies are an effective and efficient tool in developing the economic and creating a dynamic and productive direction for the country's economy, and it has an effect on the behavior of economic agents, especially companies.

The phenomenon of the stability of juvenile delinquency in the present era and the need to deal with the inflation of the criminal population has made the policymakers in the field of criminal laws to reconsider the same treatment with adults and soften the social reactions to the delinquency of this group. Based on the criminological studies, one of the main reasons for the persistence of juvenile delinquency is imprisonment, followed by the influence of the prison culture on the formation of the adolescent's personality. Changing the approach of the criminal justice system from criminalization to decriminalization makes it possible to reduce the persistence of juvenile delinquency. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of research. Decriminalization of juvenile delinquency is a technical solution that, as a differential criminal policy, promises to reduce delinquency statistics and reductionism in the continuation of this stratum in the criminal population at the level of society and its destructive effects on social life. The absolute decriminalization of juvenile delinquency means ending the criminal justice mechanism and decriminalizing the law-breaking behavior of this group, which certainly cannot not only prevent the persistence of delinquency of this group, but also lead to its escalation. Behaviors and even the transformation of criminal behaviors from micro to macro. Iran's legislature has shown its willingness to support and be friendlier to juvenile delinquents by accepting friendly institutions such as filing of criminal case, suspension of prosecution, referral to mediation, postponement of sentencing and suspension of execution of punishment.

One of the factors that increase drug trafficking in Iran is the proximity of the country's borders with production and trafficking centers. As dealing with this matter, it is necessary to present a coherent plan and apply criminal policies in harmony with executive operations. Iran's perspective and legal criminal policy against narcotics, in contrast to England's criminal policy, is based on repression and punishment-oriented and punishing with the intensification of disproportionate punishments and lacks a corrective and preventive attitude. While in English law, this policy is lenient and the maximum punishments in the laws of this country are life imprisonment only in exceptional cases and there is no mention of corporal punishment. This research is descriptive-analytical with the aim of explaining the legal and operational criminal policy of Iran and England in the spiritual agent of drug crime. The findings of this research, in accordance with the English legal system, indicate that in the criminal policy of Iran and England, in relation to the spiritual agent, although the term spiritual agent is not explicitly used, and in terms of the jurisdiction and specialization of the investigating courts and the amount of punishment and There are similarities and differences in the type of punishment, and in terms of preventive measures, both systems emphasize resorting to criminal mechanisms, and non-criminal reactions are sometimes observed in a case-by-case and ineffective manner, which are mostly outside the mission of the judicial system.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the place and role of civil responsibility in economic deterrence in Iran. Civil liability has specific goals and functions both in relation to the victim, in relation to the causer of harm and in relation to the society. Civil liability is effective in deterring the perpetrators of damage and preventing future incidents. Due to the reactive and backward nature of civil liability and its limitations in realizing deterrence, as well as the importance of proactive and preventive measures, especially in relation to extremely dangerous accidents and accidents that have many victims, which has caused various disagreements. Based on this, the main question of the research is, how can the position of civil responsibility in economic deterrence be explained? The main hypothesis of the article is that civil liability can play an important role in punishing the person causing the damage and preventing him from committing the harmful act again in the future, and suppressing the victim's sense of revenge. The results of the research show that the regulations embedded in the relationships between people and, accordingly, the rules governing civil responsibility in order to protect the public order in society and the relationships of people, is one of the factors that can reduce the problem of damage to people. to be Civil liability plays an important role in economic deterrence by forcing people to reduce the costs of accidents and preventing these incidents and causing damages to people in their interactions. The method of the current research is descriptive-analytical, which has been used to collect information through the study of documentary and library sources.

Identifying and analyzing trends affecting the future of crime and strategies for crime preventionThe increase in crime, the emergence of new forms of crime, the use of new measures in crime and the rapid advancement of technology have led to the expansion of criminal activities in the last decade and at the same time, increased feelings of insecurity and fear in society. Therefore, the need for a correct understanding and sufficient knowledge of the direction of crime trends in the future is quite obvious.This research has looked at the field of crime with a trend analysis approach. Based on this approach, identifying and analyzing crime formation trends in the future will greatly help managers and planners to identify ways to deal with and develop crime prevention methods.In this study and 6 drivers affecting future crimes and 22 global trends affecting future crimes in 5 categories along with their consequences are identified, extracted and reviewed in a panel of experts consisting of 5 people and the titles of each trend were approved. Also, 7 main trends in future crimes are identified and validated during interviews with experts. Content analysis is performed on the results of the interview and explained in the form of a trend analysis report. Finally, based on these identified trends, 10 strategies are presented to prevent crime.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation of safety-culture indices and the participation of employees of in for establishing a safe military community. To accomplish the task, the descriptive research was conducted by a geodesic approach. The study population are full-time employees of the MSU who have at least 5 years’ experience without taking into account their training course. The sample method applied here is a classified-randomization divided into three categories of commissioned officers, enlisted officer and noncommissioned employees. Robins and Hofstede’s model, Denison’s model and Quinn’s model and the opinion of university experts by Delphi’s approach, have been used to determine university culture indices. Using existing theories and expert’s opinions made 11 safety culture indexes and the participation of employees were identified for the purpose of researching a safe military society, which were tested by AMOS software in the form of assumptions using the path analysis method. Moreover, all indicators except the participation of employees in order to control affect the establishment of a safe military community. using Friedman’s test In rating military safety indexes at Military University, shows that training, safety instructions, discipline and reward system ranked 1,2,3 respectively. leadership and guidance, management support and systematic and non-systematic control of the category of safety culture gained the next ranks. Also, the results of the research show the indicators of the safety culture from the viewpoint of the commanders and staff of the University are effective in institutionalizing the participation of employees in reducing incidents.

Phenomena, trends and situations that are created in a society in some cases have the ability to become a security crisis and if these phenomena and situations are estimated in a logical process and by mentioning all the dimensions, details, levels and... are carefully analyzed, that this action (continuous assessment of phenomena) is also one of the main and undeniable missions of intelligence institutions, the governing body will be able to estimate security crises and prevent them from occurring. Considering the high importance of information estimation in the prevention of security crises, in this research, an attempt has been made to analyze the role of information estimation in the prevention of security crises in the Islamic Republic of Iran by using library studies. It was found that information estimation is not just based on speculation, but a serious, rational process, containing impartial research, accurate information activity and a clear and clear statement of the latest state of phenomena that can be converted based on evidence and evidence. to the crisis, and in the Islamic Republic of Iran, information assessment should play its real role as an important factor in preventing security crises.

Compensation will serve as a lesson to the cause of damage and other members of society and will be a strong motivation to prevent harmful behavior in the future. Condemning rioters to pay damages is one of the ways to prevent street riots. According to many jurists, the main goal of compensation is to deter and prevent future losses, and restoring the previous situation is the next priority. The lack of a legal text causes the damages of riots not to be compensated, which, in addition to causing undue damage to the victim, distorts the necessary deterrence at the scene of the riots. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to draw legal solutions to compensate for the damages caused by riots as a preventive solution for the occurrence of riots. The method of achieving this goal is descriptive and analytical, and the collection of data and information is documents, scientific documents and questionnaires. The summary findings of the research indicate that the compensation order has a deterrent role in riots and the adoption of a law containing solutions and methods of compensation will be of great help in preventing riots and damages. According to the researchers of this research, issuing a compensation order can be a means to prevent the interference of foreign governments and a deterrent element in the behavior of parties, groups, managers and officials. Deprivation of the people involved in the disturbance and referral of the paying institutions to the cause of the loss are among the effective mechanisms in preventing the occurrence of losses. It also appears from the legal texts of other legal systems that compensation has been used as a tool to control and prevent riots.

due to the importance of preventing employees' financial corruption (intelligence), since the victory of the Islamic Revolution, many measures have been taken in the field of criminalizing cases of employee financial corruption. Based on this, the purpose of writing this article is to explain and examine the effect of the law's components in the prevention of financial corruption of (intelligence) employees.

This research is based on the purpose, applied type and based on the nature and method, descriptive and analytical based on the study of library sources, documents and collecting information related to the background and literature of the research.

The findings of the research show that paying attention to the preventive components, including the familiarization of the employees (intelligence) with the laws and regulations regarding the prevention of financial corruption "Constitution" and ordinary laws "Laws approved in the Islamic Parliament" and amending or removing the approvals And unnecessary laws, increasing communication and information technology systems in the provision of administrative services, supporting the participation of people and civil institutions in the matter of reporting employee financial corruption, will undoubtedly lead to the reduction of financial corruption.The results of this research show that the effective components of laws and regulations in preventing financial corruption of employees (intelligence) are hidden in the legal and legal system of Iran, despite the numerous legislative authorities and the plurality of laws in various fields, including dealing with employee financial corruption. Due to the lack of necessary logic and coherence in the laws and their conflict and overlapping, dealing with the phenomenon of corruption has not only been unsuccessful, but the inflation of laws and the plurality of law-making authorities is itself one of the causes of financial corruption.

the administrative system of any society is the executive arm of the political system of that society, and its correct or incorrect performance can perpetuate or delegitimize the political system; Therefore, fundamental attention to the administrative system of each society and its detailed pathology, especially the prevention of financial corruption, can be a great help to the policy makers of that society, who can think of the necessary solutions with timely diagnosis. Organizational culture is one of the best ways to recognize people, and due to its effective and strong nature, it plays an important role in restraining the internal behavior of employees and preventing financial corruption by them.

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of its nature and method, which was conducted with a researcher-made questionnaire tool. In this way, two separate questionnaires were designed. After its reliability and validity were checked and confirmed, it was distributed among 35 employees and managers of financial and accounting affairs of FARAJA as a statistical population of the research. The findings obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed with SPSS software. In order to analyze statistical data, descriptive and inferential methods, Pearson's correlation coefficient and linear regression were used.

Our main hypothesis in this research was "there is a significant relationship between organizational culture and prevention and corruption among employees" and the correlation coefficient between organizational culture and prevention and corruption among employees is 0.977 and the significance level is 000 It is 0.05 percent which is acceptable. In order to check the effect of the regression model, it was analyzed and confirmed. Eight hypotheses were also confirmed.

The main priority of security organizations is "prevention" of damage and threats that, if they are not paid attention to, may create serious challenges for the target community; Considering the importance of the issue and the need to pay attention to understand what it is, this research seeks to understand the comprehensive prevention in security organizations in order to discover and identify the main elements of this issue in the light of it; Therefore, the main goal is to expand the concept of "prevention" and strive to understand its comprehensiveness in the form of a scientific effort.

This research is based on a qualitative approach and qualitative content analysis in terms of its fundamental purpose and research method. An approach in which by analyzing the textual data taken from the interviews; Always looking for data reduction. The participants of this research purposefully include 25 experts from one of the security organizations; The reliability of the data has been done at several levels through the use of an interview guide, an exchange of opinions about the implementation of interpretation and coding, also in the discussion of the validity of the research, the validity assessment method has been used in the communicative (expert) method; In other words, the interviewees confirmed the consistency of the contents of the analyzed texts with their own statements.

The results of this research show that mainstreaming comprehensive prevention in security organizations requires the attention of managers of these organizations to different aspects related to the missions of these organizations. Paying attention to work processes, structural factors, behavioral factors and background factors are considered the main dimensions of comprehensive prevention. Among the structural factors, the sub-category of human resources structure; Among the behavioral factors; The subcategory of accountability towards the mission as well as capacity building and among the background factors, attention to social capital (especially trust building and participation) are the main categories of comprehensive prevention. Parallel to the results of this research, practical suggestions related to four areas related to security organizations including structure, processes, behavior and environment (context) have been presented.

Since today the scope of the concept of security in the environment has taken root and there is no coherent practical method for the preventive management of possible future threats and the lack of explanation of the optimal cycle of preventing surprises in the management of security crises; It can face serious challenges to the infrastructure of the desired development of security; Therefore, in this research, which was conducted with the aim of providing an optimal cycle, the researcher aims to achieve this goal, to obtain the dimensions, components and indicators of the optimal cycle of preventing surprises in the management of security crises.

This research is "applied" in terms of purpose and "combined" in terms of implementation method; In this regard, according to the theoretical foundations of the research and the method used, in the qualitative method of research, using available targeted sampling and conducting in-depth interviews with experts and experts in this field (9 people), the number of 128 categories related to the subject of discovery and According to the factor load analysis test, the impact intensity of each index was calculated.

After refining and removing irrelevant or less influential indicators, the number was adjusted to 83 indicators. In the next step, the indicators were compared in terms of similarities and differences, and then the indicators that were located around a common axis and could be parts of a component. , organization and discovered components were categorized in "behavioral, structural and contextual" dimensions; The result is that: a) the indicators related to the behavioral dimension, in the optimal cycle of preventing surprises in the management of security crises, have a high position among the mentioned dimensions, so that 46% of the categories extracted from the interviews with experts, related to this It was later; b) The gap between "existing" and "desired" status in the dimension of "structural factors" is more than other dimensions, in addition, the necessary suggestions have been presented at the end of the project in accordance with the measurement of the sample size.

Security is a gift in the shadow of which life flows and with its absence the pulse of existence slows down and life dies in its absence. In recent decades, under the influence of rapid and tremendous economic, social and cultural transformations around the world and the occurrence of the information and communication technology revolution, which is the basic feature of today's world; On the one hand, the opportunities and conditions and the amount of social anomalies have increased, and on the other hand, the possibility and ability to fight against these deviations has become much greater than in the past. The importance of policies, programs and measures to prevent crimes due to the ineffectiveness of the criminal justice system it is undeniable with crimes. In preventive criminology, prevention means that; by using different techniques to prevent delinquency, it welcomed the crime and surpassed it. The question raised in this article is to what extent the punishment compiled in the Islamic Penal Code has been effective and in which direction has its approach moved? This article is written in a descriptive research method.

Crime and fighting with crime, are very important in the Islamic Penal Code. In this Code, the legislator has raised various topics regarding the multiplicity and repetition of crimes, but the main issue is what factors lead criminals to the multiplicity and repetition of crimes? This has caused the authors to study and analyze the causes and effective factors in the occurrence of multiplicity and repetition of crimes in societies by criminals from the perspective of criminologists and criminal sociologists, as well as presenting strategies and theories that can be used to reduce the commission of criminals by criminals and as a result the repetition and multiplicity of crime is manifested; have placed. On the other hand, the reasons for the intensification of the punishment and the ways to prevent these two entities in the Islamic penal system are of particular importance because the determination of the punishment in proportion to the crime committed ensures the observance of humane and Islamic principles, such as the principle of criminal justice and the proportionality between crime and punishment, and this It provides more mental health to the society. In the present research, another aspect of these two criminal institutions has been discussed and their foundations in terms of criminological doctrines have been mentioned.

The development of differential criminal and criminal policy in any country is one of the current needs of today's societies. If this development is based on the three principles of following the constitution and paying attention to the macro policies of each society, observing the principle of certainty and certainty in the implementation of regulations, of course, taking into account their goals and finally taking education seriously at all levels of life, it can help the society to reach approach the goal of having a safe society. Especially the work in the field of children and adolescents, who are the future builders of society, certainly needs more effort to be a guarantee for society, especially if this adolescent is a delinquent. Religious teachings have paid special attention to the above principles because research shows that the issue of differential criminal and penal policy in the field of children and adolescents in these teachings has a security-oriented approach and reconciliation for them. It seems that this work will only be realized through continuous education so that prevention can be realized in the society. This research has been conducted through fieldwork through interviews with 30 people seeking help and also studying examples of delinquent people in the society in order to understand the role of the effects of education in the realization of the development of a differentiated criminal and penal policy whose purpose is prevention, rehabilitation and security-oriented. cover up