کارآفرینی

This study examines and analyzes the application of the "Entrepreneurial State" theory in Iran. The main objective of the research is to identify the challenges and opportunities for implementing this theory in the country’s government policies. Using a qualitative research method and content analysis of documents and previous studies, the research investigates the current state of the Entrepreneurial State in Iran and compares it with the successful experiences of other countries. Data collection was conducted through library studies, document analysis, reports, and the examination of international experiences. Content analysis was employed as the method for analyzing the data. The findings indicate that the Entrepreneurial State, as a novel model in public administration, plays an active role in economic development and the support of innovations. In contrast to traditional approaches, which recognize the government merely as a regulatory and supervisory entity, this theory views the government as a facilitator and executor of innovations and economic projects. Examining the experiences of other countries also reveals that adopting the principles of the Entrepreneurial State in policymaking can contribute to improving government efficiency and enhancing economic competitiveness. In Iran, although challenges such as complex bureaucracy, centralization, and cultural resistance to change exist, embracing this model could help improve the performance of public institutions. Proposed solutions include reforming bureaucratic structures, decentralizing decision-making, changing organizational culture to encourage innovation and risk-taking in the public sector, and creating incentive systems for public employees and managers. Furthermore, to support entrepreneurial projects in the public sector, the establishment of financial resources and facilitating cooperation between the public and private sectors can help accelerate innovative processes.

In today's evolving world, success is one of those societies that establish a meaningful relationship between scarce resources and the managerial and entrepreneurial abilities of their human resources. Naturally, the realization of Islamic civilization and the path of forward movement and all-round development will be possible when, by understanding the importance of entrepreneurship and creating the necessary platforms, human resources are equipped with productive entrepreneurial knowledge and skills, so that by using this valuable ability, other resources of the society To create value and achieve growth and development, to be managed and guided. Expanding the spirit of entrepreneurship and educating entrepreneurs in society has a positive effect on economic and social growth. This research, which is a descriptive-exploratory fundamental research, based on the "theme analysis" method in fundamental studies, according to the research methodology, the factors and characteristics of the model of "Iranian Islamic entrepreneurship" from the perspective of Ayatollah Khamene. to present The research, corresponding to the identification and introduction of the main themes that emerged from the data, has been studied by using the statements of the Supreme Leader in full reading until saturation is reached. From the coding (conceptualization) of 284 codes and concepts, 29 organizing themes and 5 main themes were formed in the form of "Islamic Iranian model" .

Today, the development of women's businesses is recognized in the world as a source of job creation and entrepreneurship, if it is possible to complete the chain of clothing production of military organizations through housewives and in the form of small and small businesses. While creating entrepreneurship and job creation, it is possible to help the household economy and reduce the costs of military organizations. In this research, a combined and exploratory design has been used. The research method is the qualitative part of the basic theory and the quantitative part is descriptive-survey. The study population of this study includes; Elites and experts of one of the military organizations, specialists in the field of business and university entrepreneurship and housewives are tailors of military organizations personnel who were selected using theoretical sampling and snowballs. The data were continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The results showed that 63 concepts were extracted in 14 sub-categories and 6 dimensions including; Causal factors, contextual conditions, intervention conditions, phenomena, strategies and consequences were classified. The extracted model was also confirmed using factor analysis to confirm the structural equations and it was found that among the categories, the most weight was allocated to group and network activities with 69. and government and armed forces support with 60.

Governments play a significant role in building a constructive environment for the emergence and development of entrepreneurship, which can be achieved through the implementation of entrepreneurship policy. Policy implementation is a link between the formulation and the results of the expected policies. This applied research has been conducted with the aim of designing a model for implementing entrepreneurial policies in Iran. The statistical population of the study consists of experts in the field of entrepreneurship policy, who have been selected by judgmental sampling. The data collection tool is an interview and in order to design this model, we first interviewed 14 experts and implementers of entrepreneurship policies, in order to achieve in-depth theoretical saturation. After collecting and summarizing the interview information, using the theme analysis technique, and open and central coding, 32 indicators to measure 7 factors of standardization, participation in the performance, presenters, performance environment, performance conditions, performance evaluation, and Feedback was identified. Then, in another interview with the same experts who were present in the previous stage of the interview, the pair relationship and two factors were identified and analyzed using the interpretive-structural modeling (ISM) technique, and finally, the relationship and sequence of factors were extracted in a model including 7 dimensions in 5 levels. The obtained results demonstrated that standardization is the basis of the model of implementation of entrepreneurial policies in Iran, which should receive much attention. Moreover, according to the results of this section, the factors of participation in implementation, conditions of implementation, and evaluation in implementation are among the dependent factors, which have a weak influence but high dependence. The feedback factor is the link variable and the standardization factors, executives and implementation environment are independent variables that have high influence and low dependence and are named key variables. According to the factors identified in the research, it is suggested that a national entrepreneurship document and its implementation roadmap be compiled, and in this regard, the opinions and suggestions of executives and beneficiaries should be used both in the actual identification of issues and in providing successful implementation solutions for entrepreneurship programs.

Today, one of the most prominent goals of education in the country is the development of sustainable entrepreneurship. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to design and explain the model of entrepreneurship development based on sustainable development in education with the studied sample of schools in Alborz province. A research that is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The method of data collection is exploratory, which was analyzed with a mixed (qualitative-quantitative) approach.The statistical population in the qualitative part is university experts, 20 people were selected in a targeted way, and in the quantitative part, 361 people from the statistical population of administrators, experts and teachers of Alborz province were determined by Cochran's formula and randomly stratified. The questionnaire was collected. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, whose validity and reliability were confirmed. Qualitative part data analysis was done by coding method using Atlas TI software and quantitative part data analysis was done by qualitative content analysis method, structural equation modeling and comparative tests. The results of the research indicate the identification of dimensions and components of entrepreneurship development and sustainable development in the education system and show that the designed model has an acceptable fit. There is a significant difference between the current state of these dimensions and components and their desired state. Also, the results indicate that sustainable development has a positive and significant effect on the development of entrepreneurship.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how to create entrepreneurship opportunities for soldiers during their military service. To achieve this goal, with a qualitative approach and analytical descriptive method, collecting information through a library study and by summarizing and consensus of points of view and based on the collective wisdom of a number of professors and experts, the appropriate framework considering the innovative approach in solving problems On the one hand, and on the other hand, increasing skills and increasing the spirit of entrepreneurship, two basic criteria of "knowing the problem" and having the necessary "capacity" to solve it were counted. The findings show that the military period, on the one hand, is a good opportunity to use their knowledge capacity and capability due to diversity and plurality in creating opportunities or solving the problems of the armed forces, and on the other hand, by providing the necessary platforms by the armed forces, it can increase knowledge, skills , ability and capacity of entrepreneurship and employment of soldiers. From this point of view, while presenting a three-stage model for the development of soldiers' entrepreneurship, including creating a platform for entrepreneurship, guiding the entrepreneur in the action stage and finally stabilizing and institutionalizing entrepreneurship, the four methods of "soldier acceptance based on previous self-declaration", "soldier acceptance based on crowdsourcing" Baz", "soldier acceptance based on limited crowdsourcing" and "soldier acceptance based on self-declaration" were presented as methods of recruiting soldiers.

This study was conducted with the aim of providing a framework for entrepreneurship development in higher education based on social and economic consequences. In this research, mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were used for modeling. The statistical population of the qualitative stage was 10 entrepreneurship experts and professors of the entrepreneurship department. The sampling method was snowball. The statistical population of the quantitative stage was 80 experts and specialists in the field of entrepreneurship who were selected by cluster sampling method. The data collection tool was semi-structured in qualitative stage, documentation (systematic review) and in-depth interview, and its reliability was confirmed by the internal agreement of the coding partner. Quantitative research method is interpretive structural modeling for leveling categories. Structural equations were used to confirm the relationships between the components. The results showed that entrepreneurship development has seven levels: community value infrastructure in the first level, culture building in the society and government requirements in the second level, social entrepreneurship university structure and policy-making and setting goals for social entrepreneurial development. University and Management and Human Capital Prerequisites of Universities at Level Three, Activities and Measures and Academic Communications and Interagency Interactions at Level Four, Student Prerequisites at Level Five, Student Activities and Levels at Level Six Strengthening the position of the Social Entrepreneur University in the community is at level seven. Finally, the results showed that the consequences of entrepreneurship development have four levels.

Entrepreneurship is an important social phenomenon because it creates job opportunities and consequently reduces unemployment. The recent movement has given universities more responsibility and commitment to the country's social and economic future. This study examines and compares entrepreneurial intention and the factors affecting it in the environments of public and private higher education institutions. In the present study, which is a descriptive survey study, 600 students studying in public and private universities of Kashan participated. Finally, the data were analyzed using structural equation method using PLS software. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of university environment on students' entrepreneurial intention.The results showed that there is no evidence of a difference in the impact of public and private university environments on students' entrepreneurial intention. Among these, perceived desire was most strongly associated with entrepreneurial intention. It seams, Factors that originate from a larger environment than the university environment seem to affect students' entrepreneurial intentions.

The purpose of this research was study of the role of the intellectual capital and organization entrepreneurship of physical education departments in general courts of Kerman Province.

The statistical society were experts of physical education departments in colleges court of Kerman (N=103), and statistical samples were selected from all of them, (n=103). The instruments used in this study were standard questioners of intellectual capital (Bionetis1998) and entrepreneurship (Yaghobian1386). Reliability questionnaires were estimated and confirmed by Zarin sabab (1386) and Yaghobian (1386). This study was a descriptive and correlational. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency and percentage frequency) and inferential statistics (One T test Sample, Structural Equations modeling) were used.

Results showed that Intellectual capital have effect on entrepreneurship (R2 = 0.65). Also the final model of the study in terms of quality is strong model. Organizations.

the strengthening of intellectual capital can improve and develop corporate entrepreneurship.

In recent years, cultural entrepreneurship has become particularly important due to its cultural nature, the importance of culture, and its effect on countries' economic growth. Paying attention to the importance of the organization's culture will play an essential and vital role in various aspects of organizational development. The purpose of the present study was to examine the platforms and contexts for developing the Cultural, and Handicrafts Entrepreneurship Organization of Semnan Province. The present study method was a combination of qualitative and quantitative exploratory research and practical research in terms of purpose. The qualitative section's statistical population was experts in entrepreneurship, cultural and tourism management in Cultural Organization of Semnan Province, 30 of whom were purposefully selected. Besides, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, the validity of which was confirmed by the content validity method and with the professors' opinion, and Cronbach's alpha test with a coefficient of 0.88 was used to test the questionnaire's reliability.For qualitative data analysis, various methods such as SPSS, amos 24 software were used. The content analysis method led to the formation of 5 main dimensions (marketing skills, individual skills, cultural context, innovation, and structure) and 26 components.

This article identifies the main factors and components of the university's ability. In this study, after extracting the indicators of the entrepreneurial university and the interdisciplinary factors that create these indicators, the prioritization and weight of each of them have been measured to provide a model for measuring the ability of higher education institutions to become an entrepreneurial university. The extraction of this new knowledge has been done by using the opinions of interdisciplinary experts. In terms of data collection, it is a kind of descriptive research. The online questionnaires were distributed and the answers were collected and the answers were collected after extensive review of theoretical foundations and identification of the main factors and components in universities across the country and in different universities. The obtained results show that twelve internal and external factors are effective in creating and strengthening sixty-nine indicators necessary to become an entrepreneurial university. 28.04% of this model is related to structural indexing factors, 65.97% to content indexing factors and only 5.98% of the factors are related to contextual indicators. The proposed strategy of this article is to pay attention to the content indicators in the first place and in the second place to pay attention to the structural indicators in higher education institutions to become an entrepreneurial university. In this strategy, 68.20% of the factors affecting the readiness of the higher education institution to its internal factors and the impact of external factors is less than one third (31.80%).

The purpose of this study is to design a model of competitive advantage in the electricity market. The research method is descriptive and survey type. After classifying the indicators, the structural relationships of the model were tested. The results showed that the values of model fit indices are appropriate. The results of the final structural equation model of competitive advantage in the electricity market showed that competitive resources with a coefficient of 0.71 on competitive intelligence and a regression coefficient of 0.80 had a significant effect on strategic entrepreneurship, but with a regression coefficient of 0.13 had no significant effect on competitive advantage. Competitive intelligence factor with a regression coefficient of 0.60 had a significant effect on competitive advantage, but with a regression coefficient of 0.095 had no significant effect on strategic entrepreneurship. The strategic entrepreneurship factor with a regression coefficient of 0.34 had a significant effect on competitive advantage. In general, the factor of competitive resources as an independent variable through the mediating role of competitive intelligence (0.426) and strategic entrepreneurship (0.272) had an effect on competitive advantage. Accordingly, the creation of competitive advantage through competitive sources could be explained by the mediating role and equation of competitive intelligence and strategic entrepreneurship. In general, based on the final model, it can be said that competitive resources alone do not create a competitive advantage, and only through competitive intelligence and strategic entrepreneurship can resources be considered competitive intelligence for the electricity market.

In Iran, the development and promotion of entrepreneurship is one of the serious needs of society and identifying the factors affecting the development of entrepreneurship and how they interact with each other is essential. On the other hand, the employment of Iranian men in recent years has become particularly sensitive for various reasons. In this paper, mixed research method, applied and basic research type, descriptive and inferential statistical method. The demographic characteristics of the experts are examined and analyzed, and then the components of the entrepreneurial value chain and sustainable urban development are identified using the opinion of the experts (who are the top 20 male entrepreneurs in Golestan province) and Using the fuzzy Delphi method and performing fuzzy decompression of the sieve and the components of the desired variables are selected. Also, the validity and reliability of the questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha and the normality of the distribution of components and statistical sample by Klomogronov test Smirnov and t-test of the student are performed. In the first part of the dissertation, using the method of hierarchical analysis process and using Expertchoice software, prioritizes and ranks the dimensions and components of the entrepreneurial value chain (by 198 entrepreneurial men in Golestan province). Be. In the second part of the dissertation, to measure the relationship between entrepreneurship development based on entrepreneurial value chain and sustainable urban development, correlation research and structural equations and factor analysis test method using Smart pls2 software have been used, which is a significant relationship. Entrepreneurial value chain policy leads to sustainable urban development.

AbstractAlthough research on knowledge management in entrepreneurial organizations has attracted the attention of many scholars, most of these studies have been conducted independently rather than institutionally, geographically, or industrially. The purpose of this study is to combine the role of the field of activity with knowledge management research and examine the subsequent consequences of entrepreneurship. This article examines the theory of entrepreneurial knowledge spillover, open innovation theory and institutional perspective of knowledge management in entrepreneurial organizations and evaluates the return on investment in knowledge and knowledge spillover in different industries and different levels of economic activity (individual, company, industry, university, region). To achieve this goal, the latest authoritative foreign articles published in this field by qualitative meta-analysis method and using Maxqda 2020 qualitative analysis software in six steps and research findings in three sections, research methodology analysis, Qualitative content analysis of research articles and findings are explained and at the end, recommendations for future research are provided. Findings of this study show that knowledge management is affected by internal and external investment in knowledge and both of these investments directly or indirectly affect innovation in the organization. On the other hand, innovation is often the basis of entrepreneurship because of its competitive advantage in business.

Main question (or main purpose): The most important indicators for the realization of the first and second paragraphs of the policies of the resistance economy are the development of entrepreneurship in knowledge-based companies. In recent years, information and communication technology has come to the aid of entrepreneurship and the issue of digital entrepreneurship has been raised. With the prevalence of Covid-19 and the existence of sanctions, the need to develop this type of entrepreneurship is felt more than ever. The purpose of this study is to design a model for the development of digital entrepreneurship in small and medium-sized knowledge-based companies, within the framework of the policies of the resistance economy from the perspective of the Supreme Leader based on the use of internal capacities and leadership of knowledge-based economy. research

This study, by in-depth study of the subject literature, identified 147 codes related to the development of digital entrepreneurship and using qualitative methods of content analysis and semi-structured in-depth interviews with MAXQDA, converted these codes into 29 basic themes and 7 organizing themes. In the next step, using interpretive structural modeling method, the organizational themes and basic themes were modeled and the final model of digital entrepreneurship development was presented in three contextual, structural and content dimensions.

The results showed that the contextual factors with the most impact and structural factors with the most impact have an important role in the development of digital entrepreneurship in small and medium knowledge-based companies.

This research has been conducted in the field of entrepreneurship studies in resistive economics with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the diplomacy components for entrepreneurship in resistive economics.

it is practical and in terms of method, is mixed. In the qualitative stage; the data collection tool was a qualitative and profound interview with experts. The statistical population consisted of experts in entrepreneurship and resistance economics with a sample size of 25 people with a purposeful sampling method to reach the theoretical saturation point. The analysis of the findings was done by the methodology of the Grounded theory with the classical approach (glaser). In the quantitative stage, the data gathering tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The sample was 384 entrepreneurs and economic activists of the country. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and SPSS and Smart PLS software.

The results show that diplomacy has an impact on the emergence and performance of entrepreneurship in the resistive economy and includes four components in order of priority:1.Sanctions diplomacy with 0.840 impact intensity,2.Economic diplomacy with 0.764 impact intensity, 3.Science and technology diplomacy with 0.760 impact intensity, 4.Cultural diplomacy with 0.744 impact intensity.

entrepreneurial diplomacy is a Resistance economy that provides the national interest by using a range of tools and components: Breaking the sanctions, economic, scientific and technological, and cultural that can bring the most growth and prosperity to the country's entrepreneurship.

In recent decades, entrepreneurship has been considered a determinant variable by policymakers. As a result, research activities in the field of entrepreneurship policy are also increased by researchers and policymakers. Researchers' attention to entrepreneurship policy has shown the growth of scientific efforts in this field. In this situation, paying attention to the performance of the science and research in the field of entrepreneurship policy and quality of the research conducted in this area is the concern of the present research. The aim of this study is to identify the dominant trend and content of entrepreneurship policy research, evaluate methodologies and propose the perspectives for improving research in this field. To achieve these goals, all articles published in the field of entrepreneurship policy in our country were analyzed using six steps meta-analysis method. The research findings are summarized in three sections which include general outline of previous research, methodological analysis and policy research findings. Finally, guidelines and recommendations were provided.

This research has been conducted in the field of entrepreneurship studies in resistive economics with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the components of resistive economics for entrepreneurship. This study is applied and methodologically mixed. In the qualitative phase, the data collection tools were qualitative and in-depth interviews with experts. The statistical population consisted of Entrepreneurship Experts and Resistance Economics with a sample size of 25 individuals, selected through purposive sampling to reach the theoretical saturation point. The findings were analyzed using the basic data theory approach with the classical approach. In the quantitative phase, the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire and the statistical sample of the study was 384 entrepreneurs and economic activists of Iran. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling and SPSS and Smart PLS softwares. The results showed that the components of Resistance Economics for Entrepreneurship in this economy include five priority components: 1. Entrepreneurial economy with 0.834 impact intensity, 2. Knowledge economy with 0.789 impact intensity, 3. Extraversion with intensity Impact 0.758, 4. Active private sector with impact intensity 0.749, 5. Endogeny with an impact intensity of 0.736%. This research, while contributing to the development of entrepreneurial literature in the resisting economy, can be useful and applicable to the country's scientific, executive and entrepreneurial community and provide significant guidance and implications for macroeconomic policymakers and entrepreneurs for entrepreneurship in the resistive economy.

In recent decades, studies of the role of government in economy have had a shift from the concentration on the size of government and its tasks to the quality of government intervention. This change of attitude to state in economy has given rise to a new vision of good governance. Good governance requires a broad approach to the transparent involvement of a wide range of groups including the government, civil society and private sector. In this respect, the quality of governance reflects the ability of governments to formulate and implement effective policies to improve business environment, economic development, and entrepreneurship expansion; therefore, the main purpose of this article is to find the answer to this important question: What is the impact of the quality of governance on entrepreneurship in selected countries? The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and referential, in terms of research method, nature and the method of dealing with the problem. In this study, reference is made to the statistical data of the World Bank and the World Entrepreneurship Observer. Multivariate regression and panel data and Excel and Eviews soft wares have been used to model the factors affecting entrepreneurship. The results of fixed effects model estimation over the period 2000-2016 showed that governance quality has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship in the selected countries. The effect of governance quality on entrepreneurship in the group of innovation-based selected countries with high income is higher than the group of efficiency-based ones with medium income. Creating effective institutions, governments can provide an environment suitable for regulating the economic relations of individuals in a low-cost manner. In this way, entrepreneurship can be reinforced and developed.

Entrepreneurship development, alongside providing sustainable growth and development, will alleviate current problems including poverty, social and cultural disruption, and the unemployment of university graduates and that of other unemployed people. The current study aims at identifying and categorizing the barriers of students’ entrepreneurship. The research has used a mixed-method design with sequential exploration which was conducted in two qualitative- quantitative part. The qualitative study included ten (N=10) experts and the quantitative study consisted of 228 lecturers who were sampled from the faculty members of Zanjan University, using stratified sampling method. Semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire were used to gather data for the qualitative and the quantitative studies, respectively. To validate the data in qualitative section, interviewees as well as colleagues were asked to review the data. With regard to validation of the questionnaire, content validity and construct validity were used. Reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test at 0.925. In order to analyze the research data, we utilized inferential statistical methods of confirmatory exploratory factor analysis. The findings revealed that individual barriers, educational barriers, financial barriers and supportive barriers such as government, regulations and social attitudes were the main barriers to students’ entrepreneurship.