arabic revolutions

The purpose of the present research is to study effective criteria on Russia’s policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East after Arab revolutions. In this regard, the main research question of the current study is: what factors have led Russia to adopt a balanced policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East during 2011-2020? Moreover, the research relies on the hypothesis that during that the above time period, Russia, on the one hand, assisted Shi’ite groups led by Iran to fight against excommunication (Takfiri) terrorism, and on the other hand, expanded its relations with Sunni Muslim countries in order to prevent stimulation of religious fundamentalism in its Muslim republics. The current study which was conducted by a descriptive analytic method in the theoretical framework of constructivism, presents a rather distinctive analysis of the essence of Russia’s relations with middle eastern Islamic countries after Arab revolutions. The results indicate that since Arabic revolutions in 2011 and formation of new groups in the regional and international level in the Middle East, especially the Syrian crisis that initiated a new stage in Russia’s relations with the Islamic world, Moscow has attempted to adopt a balanced policy towards Islamic countries in the Middle East to remove the danger of Islamic extremism, avoid tension with those countries and reinforce relationship with them. Therefore, it is expected that Russia highlights the role of Islam in its foreign policy and that Russian politicians show more interest in constructive collaboration with middle eastern Islamic countries.

The developments in the Arab countries and the outcome of revolutionary uprisings are closely related to the military›s involvement in these protests. The main question posed by this article is as follows: What was the approach and role of the army in the Arab revolutions and uprisings? The research hypothesis suggests that in Egypt and Tunisia, the army was placed alongside the revolutionaries. In Libya, army forces broke up in the face of popular protests, and the opponents were able to defeat Gaddafi›s regime in the civil war. In Syria and Yemen, although escaping from the military, it was not enough to break the military›s coherence. In Bahrain, the army adhered to the reign of Al-Khalifa during the opposition protests. Therefore, the approach of the Army to the protest processes has not only been effective but also decisive. This paper is based on analytical-descriptive method and in the form of second-generation theories, especially Johnson and Tilley, and, the influence and impact of the Arab armies on the revolutions and uprisings in th

To draw Security horizon ofWest Asian region- after Arabic revolutions in 2011- it is imperative to analyze variables and important elements such as political Islam. On this basis, the main currents of political Islam and discourses of recent developments affecting the region. In this context, the Islamists behavior can be studied in three main categories: 1. extremism and violence in the Middle East, with the advent of emerging trends Takfiri like ISIL. 2. Inability to maintain power and sovereignty by the genuine political Islam movements like the Muslim Brotherhood. 3. Change activism in the resistance movement. The situation of West Asian region is in a period full of tension and chaos with war, Violence and religious and ethnic division’s experiences.The main question is what is the position of political Islam in the development of security order in the Middle East? This article attempts to explore by exploring trends, driving forces and scenarios of political Islam and Islamic movements, and their role in shaping the regional security order in Middle East.

The main argument of this article is to analyze the Islamic Awakening developments and the way new security disciplines development in Middle East is affected by this event. Since the revolution of people in Arab states is known as uprising against dictator governments and Colonial, it can be an important factor for redefining the novel disciplines in the region which considering Saidism or after- colonial elements and the correspondence among these revolutions and this study, we testify the formation of the type of order focused on reviewing Saidism studies in Middle East. So in this article first of all, we analyze disciplines from the perspective of realism, liberalism, Copenhagen school and post colonial and then the Genealogy of disciplines in Middle East. Islamist role has been also discussed and article is finished by a discussion about the security disciplines governing on the region after the Arabic revolutions, so we can conclude how Arabic revolutions have effects on the formation of new security discipline of Middle East.

Appearance of Revolutions in North Africa and its exposure to the Middle East has led to regional and trans-regional actors to adopt different approaches to the Middle East region. Russia, as a trans-regional actor in the history of the region dates back to the Tsars which during the uprising has changed its approach to the region and in each of the countries has risen due to the benefits of its instruments, has adopted a different policy. Middle East and focus on the various issues, one of the important issues to Moscow, especially in the second term of Putin presidency, have paid much attention to it. Top diplomatic traffic between the Middle East to Moscow and back, it reflects the kind of mobility in Russia's Middle East policy is different from past decades. It seems that in the wake of developments since September 11, 2001, and particularly in America's military efforts in Afghanistan and Iraq that led to the proliferation of religious fundamentalism and anti-American sentiment in the Middle East, Russia has a greater interest among state and local communities, governments and the public have been mentioned, a situation of this country, it thinks itself to welcome advantage. The paper suggests that the popular uprisings in the Middle East as "Arabic revolutions" led the first Russian politics with the revolution in the form of cooperation with the West in advance but later due to concerns about increasing America's presence in the region and extend this process to Eurasia, policy trends and revolutionary opposition to support governments in the form of confrontation with the West followed. This paper considers Russia's approach to the popular uprisings and revolutions in the Middle East.

The main purpose of this article is to review social Networks & satellite channels Role in occurrence & constitution of Arab revelations. Author argues that new history of Arab world has been shaped under the shadows of globalization & social networks. Arab youth revolutions brings about anew literature in IR & study of virtual & postmodern revolutions, which in turn shows that western political sociological approaches are not valid frameworks to study middle east. That's why, this article tries to investigate Arab revolutions by critical theories & writings of Arab authors.