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This study aims to identify the security implications of the normalization of relations between Arab states and Israel and to assess its impact on the Resistance Axis. The research problem focuses on examining the regional initiatives of the Zionist regime in the process of normalizing Arab-Israeli relations, with particular emphasis on the Western-Hebrew axis. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, this research combines qualitative methods based on document analysis and note-taking with quantitative methods involving statistical analysis and surveys. This article is of an applied research nature, seeking to discover the consequences of a specific event by identifying existing issues and dominant trends, thereby adopting a descriptive approach.The establishment of strategic relations between Arab states and Israel enables the latter to enhance its espionage and intelligence-security operations against the Resistance Axis through Arab countries. The findings indicate that the normalization of Arab-Israeli relations impacts the security of the Resistance Axis from various perspectives, including the creation of a threat balance against the Resistance Axis, the formation of new regional alignments against the Resistance Axis, the expansion of U.S. influence in the region, the growth of terrorist groups, the failure to establish a stable security regime and arrangements in the Middle East, and the regional isolation and weakening of the Resistance Axis.

When Theodor Herzl, the theoretician of the Zionist political movement, wrote the book ''The Jewish State'', he envisioned the ideal of a Jewish state. This vision was ultimately realized with the support of major powers, particularly the United States and England, leading to the establishment of Israel in the occupied territories. Since the formation of Israel in the Middle East, various Islamic countries have adopted different strategies to confront this regime.  The research question is: What are the characteristics of the political-security strategies of Iran and Arab nations in facing Israel? In response, it can be stated that Iran's strategy is based on hard military balancing and an asymmetric deterrence network aimed at restraining and diminishing this regime, ultimately delivering a decisive blow. In contrast, the political-security strategy of Arab nations was defined by a focus on the immediate destruction of this regime through direct military confrontation until 1979. Since then, the strategy of Arab countries can be better understood through two approaches: appeasement and hedging. The purpose of this research is to compare the political-security strategies of Iran and Arab nations in confronting Israel using a comparative qualitative research method.

After establishment of the illegitimate regime of Israel, the security of the western Asia entered a new era in a way that fraternity-enmity patterns of this regime affected regional countries. Historical defeats of Arabs from Israel, the dependence of their security on the West and interaction of regional changes in the last decade propelled the Arabs-Israel’s relations toward a political current called normalization. Ambiguity in perceptions of regional actors, epistemological and methodological deficiencies in studying these relations and lack of literature in some variables of these relations motivated the current research to adopt an innovative approach to study this subject. To this aim, a multi-phase/multi-method approach blending both qualitative and quantitative methods was used. Research findings showed that in the construct of Arab-Israel normalization three economic-technological, ideological-political and military-security factors are involved which entail 24 different variables. It was revealed that many of these variable are the direct effect of the Islamic revolution.

The objective of the present research is to explore the grounds for Arab convergence with the Zionist regime against Iran, based on Stephen Walt's Balance of Threat theory. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the results indicate that the Arabs, emphasizing Iran's security threats, have developed their relations with the Zionist regime for reasons including American support for normalizing relations, the Arabs' involvement in internal crises, the weakening of Iran's anti-Zionist ideology, the existence of rifts among Arab countries, and changes in the regional power balance through various military, political, and economic collaborations. They consider the behavioral pattern of threat balancing as the best approach towards the Islamic Republic of Iran. It seems that the normalization of relations between the Arabs and the Zionist regime, like other conspiracies by the Western-Hebrew-Arab triangle in recent decades, will ultimately fail. This plot will not be a concerning issue because sooner or later, it will lead to the disgrace of countries aligned with the Zionist regime and the collapse of these artificial relationships. Given that normalization of relations, at best, will not extend beyond the level of state relations with the Zionist regime, it is suggested that the Islamic Republic of Iran maintain active diplomacy to keep the issue of Palestine alive and remind the Arab governments to heed the voices of their peoples who oppose normalization with the occupying Zionist regime.

This qualitative research was conducted with the aim of providing a model of the role of Arab-Israeli peace on the security and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study is a type of qualitative research that was conducted using the foundational data theory. 12 interviews were conducted with professors of Tehran universities in international relations and political sciences. The result of these interviews was a set of primary themes that were compiled during the process of open coding and categories were extracted from them; Then, in the phase of core coding, the link between these categories was determined under the headings: causal conditions, core phenomenon, strategies, contextual factors, intervening conditions and consequences affecting the security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the form of a core coding paradigm; In the following and in the selective coding stage, the course of the story was drawn. The results showed that the causal factors affecting the security and interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran are: governance needs, national power strengthening needs, security needs, information needs, religious needs. The strategies related to the research subject include three types of actions at the national level, regional actions and international actions. Inadequate official neighborhood communication, government structural features, limited mutual interactions, lack of strategic plans were identified as intervening factors, and the features of the West Asian (geographical) region, religious features, socio-cultural features are background factors affecting security. and the interests of the Islamic Republic of Iran

Southwest Asia, as one of the territorial areas prone to various events, in recent decades, has been pregnant with various events and the Islamic Republic of Iran, as a country with a strategic position that is exposed to many threats at the national, national and transnational levels, due to Being in the heart of this region and playing an effective role will be affected by all these events.This article uses Copenhagen security theory and other theories in the field of geopolitics and international relations (separation of powers, balance of threats, etc.) and the question of what counter-security effects the process of normalization of Arab-Israeli relations can have on the national security of the republic. To have an Islamic Iran? Using descriptive-survey method and using library resources, 10 major threats of this long-standing tension and its security consequences against the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran were counted. And the threat of breaking the ugliness of establishing official relations with the Zionist regime was at the top of the threats stemming from the normalization of relations between the Arabs and the Zionist regime against the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of Israel, the regional crisis in the Middle East reached its peak and the Arab-Israeli conflict became one of the main issues of the Middle East. However, some Arab countries are affected by various factors such as Arab nationalism, internal and regional crises, the balance of power in the region, identity issues, the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, the formation of Arab unrest since 2011, and finally Iran's nuclear agreement with the so-called 5+1. According to the JCPOA, they have always shown different positions towards Israel, all of which were derived from their national interests. The Arab countries that seek to expand their relations with Israel are influenced by their national interests to make this type of decision in the field of their foreign policy. Have adopted considering the fundamental conflict that has existed between the Arabs and Israel since the establishment of Israel in 1948, the issue of normalizing relations between them has become important since the peace treaty between Egypt and Israel in 1978. This issue received more attention when Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, Sudan and Morocco normalized relations with Israel within just a few months. Here, the main question is, “Why are Israel and the Arab countries moving towards the normalization of relations despite the existence of differences with each other?” In this research, the analytical-explanatory method has been used to answer this question, and library sources have also been used to collect data. The findings of the research indicate that these governments have taken steps towards the normalization of relations with each other due to the existence of common threats and common interests, in fact, this action can be explained under the theory of neorealism. Under the influence of a series of internal, regional, and international factors centered on national interests, as well as Donald Trump's efforts in line with the so-called Middle East peace plan, these governments have normalized relations with each other and have moved towards cooperation in order to better secure their national interests.

The Abraham Accords was concluded the aim of normalizing relations between the Arab states and Israel at the initiative of Donald Trump in order to curb Iran's strategies. Iran's geographical proximity to Arab countries and Israel in West Asia and Iran's military power are considered to be the factors behind the signing of the Ibrahim Pact. The necessity of strengthening and consolidating the Ibrahim Pact provided the ground for the foreign ministers of Egypt, the UAE, Bahrain and the Maghreb to meet in the Negev in the south of occupied Palestine. This meeting has been arranged for the purpose of consolidating this agreement, resolving differences between the members, and also reaching an understanding to reach a joint statement on how Iran's regional behavior will be and prevent Iran's influence. In this research, an attempt is made to evaluate the theoretical approach in the threat balance model, the contexts, goals and strategic effects of the Negev meeting on the Ibrahim Treaty. Therefore, the main question is: What impact has the Negev meeting had on the Ibrahim Pact from a strategic point of view? The results of the research show that the Negev meeting, from a strategic point of view, seeks to consolidate and consolidate the Abraham Pact and redefine the new order of the Arab and Israeli governments in confronting Iran in the turbulent region of West Asia. This research has used the analytical descriptive research method and has chosen the theoretical model of threat balance as its theoretical framework.

The purpose of this study is to examine the political and social situation in Central Asia before the arrival of Muslim Arabs. The research method of this work is descriptive and analytical and library information collection. Question of this research What was the political and social situation in Central Asia before the arrival of Muslim Arabs? In this study, we aimed to study the situation in this region in the period before the Arab invasion in the political and social fields. In answer to this question, it can be said that Central Asia did not enjoy full political independence at that time due to the invasion of this land by various invaders, and it has undergone many changes and transformations in terms of society. The purpose of this study is to examine the political and social situation in Central Asia before the arrival of Muslim Arabs. The research method of this work is descriptive and analytical and library information collection. Question of this research What was the political and social situation in Central Asia before the arrival of Muslim Arabs? In this study, we aimed to study the situation in this region in the period before the Arab invasion in the political and social fields. In answer to this question, it can be said that Central Asia did not enjoy full political independence at that time due to the invasion of this land by various invaders, and it has undergone many changes and transformations in terms of society.

The Israeli regime has always been dissatisfied with the lack of space and geographic confinement on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, and this regime needs to institutionalize the Iranophobic approach in order to consolidate its strategic depth and have more relations with the Arab countries. Establishing a close and strategic relationship between the Arabs and Israel brings this regime closer to Iran's borders, because it enables Israel to border Iran's maritime and territorial waters indirectly. Being close to the border with Iran means ease in surveillance, eavesdropping and information espionage.The main question of the research is what effect does the process of normalizing relations between Arabs and Israel have on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran? (problem); The research method is qualitative and the data collection tool is in the form of questionnaires, the main problem is analyzed with an analytical-documentary approach (method); The normalization of Arab-Israeli relations affects Iran's national security from various angles, which include factors such as the weakening of Iran's regional allies, the development and expansion of America's presence and influence in the region, the lack of regime formation and Stable security arrangements in the Middle East are the disruption of the balance of power structure and the growth of radical and extremist groups in the region (findings);

Iranian customs and culture and the Persian language, along with the prominent manifestations of the Iranian nation's civilization, have influenced the Arabic culture and language in various ways and in various fields, and have led to the progress and excellence of the Arabs in government, politics, culture, literature and science. And provided techniques. The central question of the present study is what effect have the Umayyads received from Iranian culture and civilization? The hypothesis is that the Arabs, especially the Umayyads, have been most influenced by Iranian culture and civilization in the field of statehood and social and cultural traditions. The present article, with a descriptive and analytical approach, will show the indicators of the Umayyads' influence on Iranian culture and civilization in some political, social and cultural dimensions. In terms of lifestyle, it can also provide a suitable model for the audience by expressing the positive and sublime aspects of Iranian-Islamic social life.

Given the relative and covert reconciliation of Arab-Israeli relations in the past and finally the revelation of this relationship in 2020, it seems that the change in the process of normalization of Arab-Israeli relations will change the regional security equations. Accordingly, the present study seeks to investigate the consequences of the normalization of Arab-Israeli relations on Iran's security environment.

The method used is descriptive-analytical, which seeks to answer the question by applying the theory of regional security complex, what effect has the development of Arab-Israeli relations had on the security environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran?

The findings show that the development of Arab-Israeli relations and their goals of normalizing relations have major consequences for Iran's regional security environment, such as the disruption of the balance of power structure in the region and the formation of a new regional threat balance process, the non-formation of a stable regime and stable security forces in the region, the growth of radical and extremist groups in the region, the development and expansion of the US presence and influence, and the formation of a post-ISIS order in the absence of Iran.

In addition to creating tangible changes in the security equations of the region structurally, specifically with regard to the goals of mutual development of relations, the process of normalization of Arab-Israeli relations will have new consequences on the security environment of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which roots dates back at least to a century, is one of the most complicated and controversial international crises that has gripped the Middle East for decades. Many efforts have been made by various individuals, institutions and countries to achieve a comprehensive peace between the parties, but so far no final result has been gained. Given that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is considered to be one of the main drivers of the security threat as well as the rise of terrorism in the Middle East and the world, the research using the neorealist theory as well as descriptive-analytical approach and library resources tries to analyze this long-standing conflict. The study also explores the reasons behind the recent normalization of ties between Israel and a number of Arab states, which is an important turning point in relationship between the parties and has created new conditions in the region as far as the dawn of new Middle East is highlighted. Common security concerns of Israel and some Arab countries along with the promotion of national interests have improved Israeli-Arab relations. This article reflects the different viewpoints on security and also shed light on the role of the United States in the Palestinian/Arab-Israeli conflict.

Ilam province has a 425 km common border with Iraq. Being the border of province and having the habitance of different tribes is due to the obvious commonality of its Shiite people, has caused the people living in it play an causeless role in creating lasting security at variouse times such as holy defense. The aim of this research is investigating the affecting factors of the convergence between two forntiersman folks of Arab and Kurd border groups on the range of feeling of lasting security. In this article, the researchist, try to identify the affecting factors of the convergence of these two nations and its effects on the sense of lasting security. The research method of this survey article is the statistical population of those cities in the southern part of Ilam province. The sampling method is cluster and the sample size is 500 people. According to the research findings, ethnic convergence has a direct impact on sustainable security and has the most effect on the dimensions of national security, human security and global security. Among the considered effecting factors influencing on the fortification of the convergence of these two ethnic groups, age and interference of foreigners in the two dimensions of usage and trust in cultural and news packages of foreign media, have an inverse effect on the degree of convergence of groups. Among the other declared factors that significantly affect the consolidation of ethnic groups are the variables of the influence of political elites, cultural asset, education, nationalism, religiosity, people's perception of the political, administrative and the background of extramarital marriage in relatives that have the most to the least effect on the convergence among the Arabs and Kurds inhabitant in Ilam province.

Variety of ethnic groups, different languages and cultural differences can cause conflicts and ethnic tensions in communities, but the emergence of an ethnic conflict depends on the government's approach in managing these diversity. One of the most important mechanisms for governments to manage ethnic diversity, language and cultural differences, is federalism. Federalism can be defined as decentralization and granting administrative autonomy to a Region in terms of geographic divisions. But federalism function to reduce ethnic conflicts, is not necessarily positive and can lead to deterioration in some cases. Accordingly, this study tries to analyze the impact of federalism on ethnic conflicts in Iraq. The research hypothesis is: through a process of creating bureaucratic structures, development of political parties and the recognition and acceptance of cultural differences, federalism can reduce sectarian violence and ethnic conflicts. The methodology of research is descriptive-explanatory.

Any political unit for keeping its existence, needs the regional integration among its components. The Middle East is a specific geopolitical region. In view of its particular geopolitical and geostrategic significance in the world and the Middle East, the Islamic Republic of Iran has identified one of its foreign policy goals as a platform for integration in the countries of the region, and some strategies have been developed to achieve this goal. But the process of events has gone so far that it has led to many challenges, and as a result, these strategies have not made much integration. The main goal of this research is to collect and use appropriate library data and then to describe and analyze them, as well as to utilize functionalism and neo-functionalism, and in this way, the strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran to shape integration in the Middle East region will be evaluated. It is also necessary to identify and assess the challenges and obstacles that exist to achieve this goal. According to the above goal, the question of this research is: «What are the Islamic Republic of Iran›s strategies to shape integration in the Middle East, and what are the challenges and obstacles to achieving this goal?» The research hypothesis is also drafted: «The Islamic Republic of Iran, inspired by the constitution and the mission of the Islamic Revolution, used strategies to shape integration in the Middle East in its foreign policy, which, due to differences of opinion with most of the countries of the region, particularly in the Arab Persian Gulf states in various economic, political, ideological and security spheres, this effort has faced challenges and obstacles. «The findings of this study show that Iran›s efforts to align and integration in the Middle East are only acceptable for some of the region›s actors, known as the «Islamic axis of resistance,» but most of the states in the region that are on the opposite side and known as the «conservative axis» are opposed to these efforts.

Arab-Israeli conflict over the past decades has been the oldest problem in the Middle East. There have been four wars in this area during 2004-2014 decades. The main research question is: “What were the Israel’s aims in the wars against Hezbollah and Hamas?” In response it seems that concurrent with destruction of infrastructure in Lebanon and Palestine, the Israel’s aims of these wars have been related to the balance of power in the Middle East. In this way, Israel has shaped its regional policy with the aim of balancing power in the Middle East and creating further gaps between the countries of the Islamic world and the Palestinian and Lebanon supporters. Thus, the Arab-Israeli wars during the past decade could be interpreted as a conscious challenge to undermine the balance of regional power. This research aims to review the four Israel wars over the past decade. The results show how dominant culture on balance of power influence the perceptions of different countries and the results of the wars and how balance of power are determined by the actors in this field.