cultural diplomacy

Various aspects of China's emergence as a leading power in the international arena have been assigned a part of international relations studies in the current world. This remarkable development and growth combined with things like historical experiences, border disputes and the ideology governing this country's political system has fueled threats from the People's Republic of China. Military, economic alliances and Sinophobic discourse are concrete manifestations of the perception of threat from China as evidence of this threat. The present study has investigated the cultural diplomacy of this country with the aim of investigating the efforts of the People's Republic of China to de-threat existing perceptions. The question of this research is based on how the cultural diplomacy of the People's Republic of China is used to remove the threat from this country. In this regard, the hypothesis is tested that the People's Republic of China, by refusing to turn ideology into an ideological matter, has chosen a favorable path in de-threating existing perceptions against itself in the form of cultural diplomacy. The results of this study show that Chinese political leaders have been successful in using cultural diplomacy in order to deal with threats by correctly understanding the concept of soft power and trying to create common values in their surrounding environment and refusing to turn ideology into an ideological issue. The method of this research in collecting materials and presenting it was based on the descriptive-explanatory method.

Foreign policy in the era of globalization is defined by new characteristics, one of which is the maximum use of cultural diplomacy. Cultural diplomacy can be described as a path of actions that is based on the exchange of ideas, values, traditions, and other aspects of culture or identity. In addition, cultural diplomacy can also be used to present a positive or negative image of other countries or a country in the international arena. The main question and focus of this research is the effects of Western Iranophobia against Iran on regional countries and the Zionist regime. By adopting a descriptive-analytical method, it can be said that the West has tried to form a negative image of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the world, especially in the Middle East, using cultural diplomacy, media, and cultural discourses in the last few decades. In this regard, it has emphasized components such as insinuating Iran's access to nuclear weapons, Iran's support for terrorism, insinuating the aggressiveness of Iran's defense technologies, the Islamic Republic's interference in the affairs of countries, and insinuating Iran's opposition to regional peace and stability. One of the most important goals of this Western behavioral pattern against Iran has been to divert public opinion in the Arab world from the issue of Israel, present a positive image of the Zionist regime, increase cooperation between Arab governments and Israel, and, as a result, break out of isolation.

With the increasing expansion of various dimensions of diplomacy in the 21st century, the importance and position of economic diplomacy has become more clear for all countries. On the other hand, despite the vast capacities of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the cultural field of Nowruz, which is reminiscent of the historical region of Greater Iran, the volume of commercial and economic exchanges in this strategic region has always been very low in the past decades. The result of not paying attention to the use of the unique capacities of Nowruz civilization field for Iran is that despite all the cultural similarities, the necessary benefits have never been made in order to improve economic and commercial relations.In this research, using the descriptive-analytical method and the constructivist perspective, we seek to understand how the capacities of Iran's cultural influence can be used in the cultural sphere of Nowruz, which will lead to the promotion of Iran's economic diplomacy in this region, so that we can use commonalities. and cultural ties to build a bridge towards commonalities and economic dependencies. In this regard, it is very important to use tools of cultural influence such as cultural and public diplomacy programs in order to influence the national brand, which is the intermediary and missing link between cultural influence and economic diplomacy.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the solutions facing Iran's cultural diplomacy with an emphasis on the thought of Imam Khamenei (Madh Zaleh al-Ali). Based on the teachings of Islam, Imam Khamenei assigns a special role and position to cultural elements. One of the basic points in his thought was to pay attention to cultural diplomacy. In the present study, an attempt was made to answer this question, what are the solutions facing Iran's cultural diplomacy by emphasizing the thought of Imam Khamenei? In the hypothesis, it is stated that paying attention to the thought The position of Supreme Leader plays a fundamental role in providing solutions for cultural diplomacy. Researchers investigate this hypothesis using documentary methods and qualitative content analysis. From the categories extracted from the statements of Imam Khamenei, we can mention the use of capacities, initiative, efficiency, reform of structures, coordination of institutions, cohesion, jihadi management, active diplomacy, proportional distribution of power, continuous mobility and active participation in treaties. win. The results of the current research show that among the important and effective principles of cultural diplomacy solutions, we can mention the use of new technologies, avoiding parallel work, management organization and cohesion, development of the soft power of the system and cultural foundation in the countries of the region. .

Nowruz is one of the ancient rituals that is celebrated every year with the beginning of the spring equinox in Iran and the countries affected by the Iranian civilization as well as Turkey. Nowruz is a cultural phenomenon and can be a key element for connecting the countries that organize it. As two neighboring countries, Iran and Turkey have always had social, economic and cultural relationships with each other. One of the most important common cultural elements between Iran and Turkey is the ancient Nowruz. The question of the present article is what are the similarities and differences between Nowruz in the two countries of Iran and Turkey and how is the role of Nowruz in the cultural diplomacy of the two countries evaluated and what are the common cultural lines between Iran and Turkey. It seems that according to the importance of soft power and cultural manifestations, Nowruz can help to deepen cultural relations between Iran and Turkey. The ceremony of welcoming Nowruz, house shaking, Haft Sin table, buying new clothes and seeing and visiting relatives are among the common features of Nowruz between the two countries. From the point of view of differences, Nowruz in different parts of Iran and Turkey has differences regarding how to hold the ceremony and the anthropological differences that have been mentioned. The research method is using library resources and collecting data from articles, books and examining them in a descriptive-analytical way.

The question of this article is what are the most important challenges and limitations of cultural diplomacy between Iran and post-Saddam Iraq from 2003 to 2024? This research has been done with analytical-descriptive method with historical sociological approach to international relations and with library, internet and documentary techniques. The findings of this study showed that Iran has tried using the comprehensive discourse of historical relations with Iraqi Arabs in general and with Shiites in particular based on cultural and religious commonalities and an approach based on resistance against the development and hegemony of trans-regional powers, of course with the cooperation of the Iraqi government. , to create a suitable environment for cultural diplomacy and improving relations between the two nations. However, there have been challenges and obstacles in the way of cultural diplomacy between Iran and Iraq from 2003 to 2024, the most important of which are: the activities and negative role-playing of the American-Saudi media centered on Iran phobia in the region, the activities and destructive actions of Takfiri terrorist groups, especially ISIS. The formation and political-intellectual divisions between the Shiite organizations, especially the Sadr group and the rest of the Shiites, Shiite phobia in the region in the context of geocultural competition between the Shiite Crescent led by Iran and the Sunni bloc led by Saudi Arabia, the activeness of anti-Iranian currents in Iraq and the remnants of the Baath party. Foreign interventions in Iraqi affairs to make the government fragile.

For more than two decades Iran's political-military relations with African countries have attracted the hub of media attention and academic research. This is in the conditions that what have played key roles to spread Iran's influence in the African continent is culture and cultural diplomacy. One of the countries that Iran has the warmest cultural relations with it is Uganda. The purpose of current paper is to examine Iran's cultural diplomacy in Uganda during the presidency of Seyed Ibrahim Raisi. We answer to two questions here: what goals Seyed Ibrahim Raisi's administration has pursued in its cultural diplomacy in Uganda? What were the patterns and cultural methods adopted to achieve these goals? The hypothesis of the article is that "Seyed Ibrahim Raisi's administration seeks to export its revolutionary ideals and values alongside spreading religious knowledge and promote Shiism in Uganda." Hagerstrand's diffusion theory has been used to examine the patterns and methods of Iran's cultural diplomacy. We used quantitative and qualitative (exploratory-explanatory). Our findings showed that Seyed Ibrahim Raisi's administration has pursued its cultural diplomacy with the focus on students, teachers, and the religious community in Uganda and applied various educational, cultural and religious programs for perusing its aims. These programs are often followed based on the two patterns of displacement and contagious diffusion, and Iran is facing serious problems in the implementation of the hierarchical pattern in Uganda.

The diaspora is defined as a transnational community that has involuntarily migrated from its homeland and settled in another land. As a consequence, diaspora communities carry their cultural and identity markers as defining characteristics in their new host countries. Conversely, states use cultural and identity components as subjective and objective elements to advance their cultural diplomacy strategies and promote intercultural dialogue in the international arena. Therefore, the central research question of this applied study is: how can diaspora communities play a role in cultural diplomacy? This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach with a comparative perspective to examine the constituent elements of diaspora and cultural diplomacy. The study utilizes library and online resources, along with the conceptual framework of track II diplomacy, to analyze the subject matter. The findings of the study suggest that culture and identity function as common structural components that connect diaspora and cultural diplomacy.

According to many Iranian analysts, this country was caught in the abuse of this situation by the Chinese side in its relations with China during the sanctions period. The Chinese also believe that they have stood by the sanctions and their friendship with Iran as much as possible and have paid a lot of costs in front of the international environment and the West. Therefore, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China, while having very favorable capacities in relation to each other's needs, also have challenges in the political, economic, and cultural fields, and these challenges are the subject of our analysis in this article. . In this research, we have examined the challenges of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China in the form of a geopolitical theoretical framework, with the approach of cultural geopolitical effects on the foreign policy of the two countries, and with the method of applied research and qualitative analysis, and we have drawn conclusions. We believe that it is necessary for the Islamic Republic of Iran to pay more attention to cultural and civilizational patterns in its diplomacy towards China, as well as through dialogue, holding joint think-tank meetings, strengthening scientific diplomacy and extensive elite relations between thinkers and politicians. And the professors of the two countries will make the mentality of both sides closer and more understandable so that the challenges reviewed in this article will be solved and the relations between the two countries will be smooth and deeper.

Cultural diplomacy, which is used to show the level of civilization of a nation, is considered one of the soft power tools of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Among the regions that can be studied as part of Iran's cultural domain, is the Caucasus region. Persian language and literature has been one of the tools of cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Caucasus, which has many capacities in order to strengthen ties and create a common understanding between the people of Iran and the Caucasus region. The main research question is what is the position of Persian language and literature on Iran's cultural diplomacy in the Caucasus? The current research, using the descriptive-analytical method and collecting library data through data collection, describes the position of Persian language and literature in the Caucasus region and its impact on Iran's cultural diplomacy in this region. Thus, Persian language and literature can influence the country's cultural diplomacy in the Caucasus region, which include: the level of legitimacy of Iran's political system, gaining international prestige and managing the public opinion of the destination country

cultural diplomacy as a one of the soft power tools is the topic that is considered by many actors in the international system. Considering the US special focus on China as the "first strategic threat" and Beijing's special attention to Washington as the "first priority in its foreign policy", the study on the dimensions of China's cultural diplomacy with the US and the evolution of China's foreign policy in this issue, dimensions It deciphers an important aspect of the Chinese worldview in the context of soft war. at present, the cultural diplomacy as a mean of strategy not only to serve the political and economic and so on series of traditional diplomacy, more importantly , its charged with shaping the history of china's international image in the new period. This study can also provide a picture of China's view of the future of the world and the type of cultural strategies of this world power.

This paper compares the soft power and cultural relations of Iran and Türkiye in the South Caucasus republics and compares the cultural diplomacy of both states in this region, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The purpose of this research is to investigate the success rate of Iran's cultural diplomacy in the South Caucasus region compared to Türkiye's cultural diplomacy in this region.

This paper relies on the theory of cultural diplomacy, examines the diplomacy and cultural relations of Iran and Türkiye in the South Caucasus region in a descriptive-analytical and comparative manner.

Türkiye has somehow been more successful by significantly expanding its cultural relations with the Republic of Azerbaijan and Georgia by using various tools and quite active political stances, compared to Iran, which has used fewer tools and has mostly played a neutral role in the political issues of the South Caucasus. Although, historically, civilizationally, culturally, and religiously, Iran has more capacities for success and greater influence in the South Caucasus; But it has not been very successful in actualizing these potential capacities.

It seems that one of the reasons for the weakness of Iran's cultural diplomacy in the Caucasus compared to Türkiye could be Tehran's greater attention to the Arab states of West Asia; Contrary to Türkiye's emphasis on the priority of developing its relations with the Turkic-speaking states of Central Asia and the Caucasus, and in this way and with a regionalist approach, it also expands its cultural relations with Georgia, Tajikistan, and even Armenia.

One of the key tools of cultural diplomacy is language and literature. Therefore, this research aims to examine the role and significance of Persian language and literature in the development of cultural diplomacy among three Farsi-speaking countries of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan between 2005-2021. The research focuses on assessing the effectiveness of Iran's efforts in designing Farsi educational content for schools and universities in Afghanistan and Tajikistan, as well as the of cross-border media in various formats, such as written, visual, audio, multimedia, virtual platforms, with a particular emphasis on Persian language promotion for the people of these two countries. This is a descriptive research that relies on library scanning, internet searches, virtual document sources, and governmental agencies reports. Analysis of the available documents reveals that the IR Iran has undertaken various in the development of textbooks for schools in Afghanistan and Tajikistan. However, in the field of higher education, the activities have primarily involved the provision of printed books from Iran in these countries. In the media sector, Iran has achieved favorable outcomes in establishing radio networks and news websites, but dedicated television channels for the people of Afghanistan and Tajikistan have not been successfully implemented. Taking into account the cultural commonalities, such as a shared language and literature, the Islamic Republic of Iran has the potential to foster development and strengthen relations among the three Farsi-speaking through the deepening of cultural diplomacy efforts.

Today, soft power has become one of the advantages of political systems in the field of international relations, and the actors of the international environment want to improve their prestige and influence by using the soft face of power in their relations. Exploiting soft power enables them to avoid the financial and human losses caused by the use of hard power, and in this way, they bring the minds and opinions of the international public with them. Countries that have more powerful software components have the possibility to influence more in bilateral or multilateral relations. By raising the question of how the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be analyzed with the approach of soft power, this research has reached the answer that promoting the values of the Islamic Revolution through cultural diplomacy is one of the basic goals of the revolution and the context of its soft power. To explain the problem and answer this question, the theory of soft power was used and it was stated that the values and culture of the Islamic Revolution with universal characteristics such as justice, freedom, independence, arrogance and anti-tyranny, defense of the oppressed and oppressed, And... through various tools of cultural diplomacy such as diplomacy: media, scientific, educational, artistic, tourism, religious and linguistic; and by using the capacity of various organizations, bodies and institutions in charge of culture; and benefiting from efficient human resources; It seeks to create a new order.

In the developments of recent decades, cultural diplomacy has found a special place in the field of international relations in order to improve relations between countries. Cultural diplomacy, as a tool of foreign policy of countries that is in charge of the art of promoting and developing culture, has a great impact in providing the fields of joint cooperation and recognizing and introducing cultures and exchanging cultural values and consolidating and stabilizing good relations between governments. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to determine the government mechanisms for promoting the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in modern Syria, and the research question is proposed as follows: What are the government mechanisms for promoting the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in modern Syria? In this research, the descriptive-analytical method has been used. The statistical population of the research included 20 international relations professors and experts in the qualitative part, and 80 cultural managers and consultants in the quantitative part. The results of the research show that the government mechanisms of promoting cultural diplomacy c. A. Iran in modern Syria includes financial mechanisms, scientific and academic mechanisms, tourism mechanisms, cultural mechanisms, and cultural mechanisms were determined to be the most important mechanism in their ranking.And the indicators of cultural mechanisms, in order of ranking, included the following: holding cultural weeks, publishing Persian books, publishing Persian newspapers and publications, establishing Persian book sales centers, establishing Iranology and Shia studies centers in Syria, and providing the necessary facilities to increase access to Iranian cultural products for the Syrian people, and holding scientific and cultural meetings between the two countries.

The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China have always been far from tension throughout the ancient history to the modern era, and today, China's diverse global political, economic and cultural capabilities, parallel to Iran's regional capabilities, require the two countries to define and follow their relations on a strategic level. Throughout history, the cultural and civilisational relations of the two countries have naturally developed in parallel with the artistic and economic fields, and trade transactions have continued since the first Iranian and Chinese delegations interacted with each other more than 2000 years ago. Also in the present era, China's first and foremost priority for Iran is the relationship based on energy supply, and Iran also looks at China as a powerful business partner, which can be seen by considering the cultural capacities of the two countries and re-reading the civilisational relations. It has broadened and deepened the level and depth of relations. Therefore, in this article, we try to examine the logic of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China through a cultural approach, taking into account the history of relations between Iran and China, as well as the process of Chinese studies in Iran and vice versa, Iranian studies in China. The research question is that the logic of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China in the contemporary era; What is with a cultural approach? The findings show that the two countries of Iran and China have a history of cultural cooperation, in addition to sharing social and international values. It should be noted that the article was compiled in a descriptive and analytical manner, and the arguments and findings presented in this article were prepared and presented based on the theoretical framework of constructivism.

Cultural diplomacy is an intercommunication of ideas, information, art, and other aspects of culture among nations and people to amplify mutual comprehension between them. The object of this study was to present a cultural diplomacy model for the Islamic Republic of IRAN. This qualitative study was implemented using grounded theory and the Strauss and Corbin paradigm model. The data were collected through in-depth interview through a purposive sampling between professors, pundits, cultural attaches, and actors involved in the various fields of cultural diplomacy in Iran. After reaching theoretical saturation with 24 interviews and analyzing the data through three stages of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding, the desired model was developed based on grounded theory. Cultural development, political development, and communication development were considered as causal conditions. Adherence to principles, values, and policies, cultural geography, Islam and Shiism, educational infrastructure, media and cyberspace, religious and spiritual, civilization and cultural heritage, cultural-scientific, institutional, Iranian lifestyle, cultural and social possibility, literary and artistic, humanistic, political; cultural agents; ideological nature were considered as contextual conditions and threats, opportunities, environmental variables, internal weaknesses, and deficiencies as intervention conditions. Strategies included diversification of strategies and tools, actions update, development of actors, strengthening infrastructure, and upgrading the structure and management pattern. The consequences included national security interests, religious and revolutionary ideological development, cultural reproduction, economic growth in the context of culture, Understanding and sustainable peace, strengthening legitimacy and international prestige.

The purpose of this study is to identify the sources of soft diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran among the Iraqi Fili Kurds. Soft diplomacy or cultural diplomacy today as a powerful and effective tool for relations between governments and nations with the main goal of providing a clear and justified view of the value culture and behavior of an actor for various players in the international arena, including governments, international government agencies. And NGOs are civil society institutions and public opinion that pave the way for improving the level of relations between governments and creating international peace and stability. This is important for Islamic Iran, it requires recognizing and using its software resources in countries according to the cultural, political and social contexts of each target community. Among these assets in Iraq are the Fili Kurds. The fact that the Fili Kurds are Iranians and the existence of Iranian tendencies among them has caused them to always be influenced by the developments in Iran. This people has a high potential to ensure national interests and increase Iran's soft power. The research method is historical-qualitative (thematic analysis) and its statistical population includes first-hand documents and historical sources, as well as interviews with knowledgeable people or knowledgeable gatekeepers. The sampling method was purposeful. The results show that Fili Kurds share with Iran in the context of cultural diplomacy such as: historical and civilizational background, historical-cultural coexistence, religion, religion, culture, customs and the third, holding the Arbaeen Hosseini ceremony, Persian language,

With the expansion of information technology, the increase of communication between societies, and the growth of awareness of events in other parts of the world, governments have increased their soft power as a supplement to hard power in their macro policies, so building a reliable national brand has become important for the governments of the world. It is because they have well understood that the better image they create of themselves and their countries in the minds of the people of other countries, the more successful they will be in advancing their goals and interests. Cultural diplomacy is one of the tools for exercising soft power in the hands of countries beyond the borders and one of the main pillars of public diplomacy in order to influence the target sosieties. Japan is one of the countries with high soft power and is the only non-Western country among the top ten countries in international rankings. In this article, by describing the components of cultural diplomacy and using the three main indicators of countries' soft power ranking, the construction of this country's national brand and its weaknesses and strengths are explained. The research hypothesis is that culture, which is one of the important dimensions in nation branding, is Japan's strong point and has improved the international image of this country.