cyberspace

The expansion of cyberspace has led to the exploitation of psychological operations by activists of the methodological movement. This operation is designed as a complex process to attract the attention of the public. The present study seeks to achieve cognitive strategies of psychological operations and uses the qualitative content analysis method. The statistical population under study is cyberspace, including messaging networks, which, by collecting relevant statements and comparing the collected data, have classified the cognitive strategies of the methodological front into six tactics. The findings related to the search for descriptive and explanatory sentences related to the research were examined and analyzed according to the theory of transcendental security. The research findings indicate that psychological operations in the field of cognitive strategy include 6 tactics: deception (4 techniques), imagery (3 techniques), induction (4 techniques), perceptual distortion (4 techniques), delay and attention management (3 techniques), and reflection control (2 techniques). The results obtained in this study have the potential to raise awareness, strengthen defense capabilities, aid decision-making, and pave the way for preventive measures.

In recent years, cryptocurrencies have been used officially or unofficially in many countries as a "value carrier" element and a serious competitor for conventional financial exchange methods. Cryptocurrencies are one of the most important applications of block chain technology, which, along with their opportunities and strengths, are also associated with a set of weaknesses and threats. The challenges attributed to cryptocurrencies have caused many countries to not be able to take a proper position for regulation in this field. The purpose of this research is conceptualization as well as identifying the challenges of regulating cryptocurrencies in our country. In this article, by collecting the required information by library and field method, while identifying the existing challenges, the result is presented in the form of a conceptual model and by referring to the opinion of experts through a semi-structured interview and quantifying the opinions obtained with the consensus index. It has been measured. The sampling method for conducting this interview was a purposeful judgment and snowball type, which continued until theoretical saturation and the sample size reached twelve people. The results of the research confirm that the "weakening of financial and regulatory governance institutions" has the most regulatory challenges, as well as the abundance of regulatory challenges around cryptocurrencies in the country, respectively, in the fields of "sovereignty/government", "people" and "business". "Works" is concentrated.

The main issue of this research is to achieve the desired model of people's participation in cyberspace governance and its main question is as follows: based on the theoretical foundations of religious democracy, what is the ideal model of cyber space governance? In order to find the answer, the required data were collected through interviews with the experts and documentary methods, and analyzed with using Grounded Theory method. The statistical community of experts in this research is a collection of policymakers, executive managers, university professors and researchers related to the field of cyberspace governance in Iran, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 12 of them using theoretical sampling. The findings collected during 3 stages of open, central and selective coding were analyzed and the validity and reliability of the research process was evaluated and confirmed based on the four criteria of compliance, comprehensibility, generalization and control. The findings of this study show that by considering the differences between cyberspace governance and physical space governance that are emergent of the contextual factors (namely the specific features of this space), the realization of the religious democracy theory in cyberspace governance is possible through a meta-governance. The result of this research is that The Religious and Peopleized Model of Meta-Governance is a combination of three governance models: hierarchical governance model in the infrastructure layer, market governance model in the service layer, and network governance model in the content layer, that surrounded by the principles of the religious democracy theory.

History has a high capacity for identity and pattern-making due to involving deep layers of human existence, which is why it has been the focus of attention of media inside and outside Iran. Studying the trends and methods of narrating history on websites, Telegram, and Instagram will have noteworthy results for researchers in the field of history because in addition to becoming familiar with the capacities of the Internet in strengthening historical memory, existing threats will also be identified. In particular, there are various capacities and threats in the Telegram messenger that will be examined in this article. This research is based on a systematic study of historical channels and analysis of existing information using the content analysis method. This research has yielded noteworthy results, including the identification of four trends: explanation, popularization, distortion, and enemy, along with an analysis of the media strategies and techniques of these trends.

With the ever-increasing expansion of the Internet and its influence in various aspects of life, children and teenagers, as a vulnerable group, have been exposed to many risks, including sexual abuse in cyberspace. This ominous phenomenon, which is also known as the "hunting of children and teenagers in the cyberspace", has destructive consequences on the mental and physical health of these people and requires strong legal measures to deal with it. Jurisprudence has delved into the criminalization of Iranian law and checked whether the Iranian law has been criminalized well in dealing with this phenomenon, and in this regard, we discuss the criminal policy of international documents and its adaptation to the laws of the country of Iran. In this article, we find out that Iran's criminal policy regarding the hunting of children and teenagers in the cyberspace is very scattered compared to the international legal documents that have specifically stated the criminal titles in this field, and the legislator in each of the legal texts He has mentioned examples that cause the courts to face the problem of recognizing the governing law in each case, and the legislator should criminalize the hunting of children and teenagers in the cyberspace of children under a separate criminal title and one of the chapters of the penal law assign it.

Today, media has become a major part of people's lives and today's man cannot be imagined without the presence of media. On the other hand, with the emergence of the media space, it has acquired a different nature and a more active role. The formulation of appropriate media strategies for the Supreme Council of Cyberspace is based on the results of an applied research, based on the purpose of a descriptive research, and based on the type of data, a mixed research. The model used in the research is a mixed model for formulating strategies, which was carried out in two phases: first, formulating desired objectives and second, formulating desired paths. Findings of the first phase; The desired objectives include mission statements, vision and values, and 25 strategic goals. In the second phase, 6 main strategies were initially determined for the Supreme Council of Cyberspace through the SWOT matrix, and then selected media strategies for the Supreme Council of Cyberspace were formulated and prioritized to achieve the desired paths, which resulted in a total of 20 strategies.

The purpose of the article is to identify the cyberspace governance model in Iran. Similar to the experience of the conventional media era, governments want to dominate cyberspace with the same characteristics as print and electronic media and manage it in an authoritarian manner. The experience of cyberspace governance in the Islamic Republic has also shown that the nature of this governance is generally authoritarian and centralized, and in the meantime, people-oriented governance considerations have been marginalized. Such a mechanism ultimately pushes the cyberspace governance model towards security. The main question of the article is what model does the cyberspace governance model follow in Iran? In order to document this view based on the case study method and with the aim of achieving a practical model for cyberspace policymaking in the Islamic Republic, the laws, regulations, and policies announced regarding the two platforms Twitter and Telegram have been examined. The research findings show that securitization of governance on the one hand and marginalization of popular attachments have been two important features of space governance in Iran so far.Keywords: Cyberspace, Governance, Twitter, Telegram, Securitization

Islamic Republic of IRAN, It has witnessed the growing challenges that have arisen in the field of governance of the country's cyberspace in the international environment, and despite the existence of some high-level governance documents and the formation of Supreme Council of Cyberspace, the country so far lacks a comprehensive and strategic plan to govern its cyber space in the international environment, and it is necessary to have a comprehensive plan in order to improve its role, weight and influence in regional and international treaties, documents and institutions. By examining the backgrounds and theoretical bases of the dimensions, components and indicators of statistics, then the questionnaire was provided to the experts in a targeted manner; Finally, 34 questionnaires were completed and it has good reliability with Cronbach's alpha of 0.812. After that, with SmartPLS software, the data was analyzed and the model was fitted. The findings of the research show that the Republic of Iran needs to create appropriate structures to pursue issues related to the governance of cyber space in the international environment; Also, the research hypotheses, except for the "resources" hypothesis, have all been confirmed.

The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in February 1979 led to a wide range of arrogant powers standing against it. Extensive and limited military confrontations, as well as political threats, have failed to harm the revolution due to its high deterrence. However, soft war and cognitive warfare, centered around media tools and cyberspace, have intensified in the past two decades by the global arrogance system led by the United States. In this context, the concept of "Explanation Jihad" (Jihad-e Tabyin) was introduced by Ayatollah Khamenei as a strategy to counter the psychological warfare of the enemy within the framework of soft warfare. In this research, the author seeks to examine the concept of "Explanation Jihad" within the intellectual framework of Ayatollah Khamenei and explain its various dimensions and layers. The research question is: What are the Restrictive and Prescriptive principles of the concept of " Explanation Jihad" in the view of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution? In response to this question, the following hypothesis is proposed: The Restrictive principles of the concept of "Explanation Jihad" in the view of Ayatollah Khamenei lie in the confrontation based on presenting the correct narrative and confrontation based on raising awareness, while the Prescriptive principle is explanation based on rationality and conveying truths. The method of this article is descriptive-explanatory, and the data collection method is documentary.

Cyberspace and the social networks, like many other emerging phenomena, have positive and negative consequences in various aspects of life. The impact of this environment is an undeniable fact and the extent of this impact on the national security of countries is more than other areas. despite the opportunities, changes and developments that it creates, it has many threats and problems for national security. The purpose of this study is to identify the threats that social networks create to national security infrastructure. data was collected using grounded theory method and in-depth interview technique with 16 experts in the field of politics and cyberspace. Data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding methods using Strauss and Corbin approach. The results showed that virtual social networks can be a serious threat to national security by destroying and weakening national security infrastructure, ie: social, political, cultural, economic and environmental security. The research results have been analyzed in the form of a paradigm model.

Regarding the Cyberspace, as much as mere opportunistic views can be harmful, the threatening perception of this space also brings unwanted consequences. The main reason for adopting the above two extreme approaches is the lack of specific Criminal policy-making. In the light of public policy literature, the present research explores and presents the principles of Criminal policy-making and its manifestations (criminal policy and penal policy) with a descriptive-analytical method.The ten research findings suggest; First, the principles of "the stability of the fundamentals of the real and cyber world", "necessity of maintaining privacy security", "sustainability and sustainable development" and "creating a balance between values" should be the headlines of Criminal policy-making, and then regarding the participation of society in the field of criminal policy, the principles "Justice-oriented", "transparency" and "maintaining social cohesion and acceptance of cultural diversity" should be used, and finally, to achieve the desired penal policy, the principles of "gradual criminalization ", "needs-oriented" and " Timeliness and changeability" should be on the agenda.

Using the institutional mapping approach, the present research has investigated the important actors of the science, technology and innovation system of Iran's cyber space and their functions in this system. The importance of this issue stems from the fact that the science, technology and innovation system of cyber space has a high number and diversity in actors and functions, and the effort to investigate them can help to better understanding the structural and functional complexities of this system. The data collection of this research has been done through a library study, including the review of previous studies and documents, including the description of the duties of organizations, statutes, laws, and upstream documents, as well as a field study, including holding a panel with key stakeholders. Classification of identified actors based on the theoretical framework in five levels of government, educational and research institutions, intermediate institutions, companies (large companies, small and medium businesses, start-ups and technological units), and non-governmental organizations (specialized association, trade association, unions, non-governmental organization) was done. Then, through the actors-functions matrix, it was determined what functions each actor plays in the science, technology and innovation system of cyber space. According to the findings, the main guardian of the cyber space science, technology and innovation system is the Supreme Council of Cyber Space. Also, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology has the largest role among other players in this system. The role of civil institutions and the private sector also needs to be highlighted in this system. The policy implication of this research is that the governance of science, technology and innovation system of cyber space requires a networked and evidence-based approach that, in addition to considering the views and expectations of all stakeholders, operates based on the facts and objective conditions.

In international lawsuits where a foreign element is present in the lawsuit, conflict of laws is inevitable. In such cases, the court judge decides which country's substantive law governs the lawsuit. The basis for determining the governing law in the violation of copyright in the cyber space is not clearly determined in Iran's law, but the legal doctrine in other countries has long sought to establish rules that, by applying them, can determine the most appropriate law for various issues. The course of developments shows that legal doctrine has undergone changes and transformations with the passage of time and the advancement of Internet technology, and new approaches have been expressed by jurists to solve problems. The expansion of the use of Internet technology and the continuous violation of copyrights in this space require the use of new conflict resolution rules, and also the traditional rules will not be very efficient. By adopting the three approaches of maximum protection of the works, the impact of the infringement on the economic interests of its owner, and the integrated approach that includes the traditional rules and the new rules for conflict resolution, the legal doctrine has taken a step towards determining the law governing the claims of cyber infringement of the author's rights.
Using the library method, this research investigate the conflict resolution rules based on the traditional and modern legal doctrine and proposes the most effective rule for determining the governing law. This study suggests that the unique characteristics of cyberspace necessitate the application a comprehensive law to lawsuits. Therefore, the criterion of maximizing the protection of, literary, and artistic works is deemed most suitable for determining the governing law in copyright cases.

Cognitive warfare means targeting the cognition of the general public and the elites of the target society by changing norms, values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors through the management of perception and perceptions, and in many sources, cognitive warfare as the fifth dimension or in Depending on the type of division, it is referred to as the sixth dimension, which regardless of the desired number of the main subject, which is an independent dimension, has a special importance and position, and in other words, all other fields are somehow in The service of this dimension and one of the things that play an active role in the service and development of this area is the cyber space, so that today most of the cognitive warfare operations are carried out either in the cyber space or relying on this space. and since one of the goals in this war are people and communities, therefore this research, which is of an applied-developmental type, seeks to develop strategies to deal with the people-centered cognitive war, in order to achieve this by using Descriptive-Analytical Method After exploratory studies and conducting library and field research and by completing the questionnaire, the statistics of 24 factors of the internal environment and 22 factors of the external environment were determined and finally, 9 selected strategies were formulated with the SWOT method and their prioritization. It was done using the QSPM technique.

The information revolution is an epoch-making event that has transformed social life in the past few decades. Considering the organic conection between social life and political situation, the modern state cannot be dismissed from the effects and consequences of such an epoch-making event. This paper tries to answer this question: What changes has the virtual space caused in the structure of the nation-state? Explaining such changes, while creating awareness about the structure and functions of the nation-state in the era of the information revolution, is of decisive importance in order to adopt the correct model of governance and effective policies in various political, social, economic and cultural fields. In this paper, the problem of the impact of virtual space on the structural transformation of the modern state, has been examination using the critical theory of technology. In this framework, it is explained that virtual space, while intensifying the process of globalization, has caused the establishment of network state, media state, virtual state and transnational state.

As technology continues to advance in the realm of information and communication, human perception of space has transcended the boundaries of physicality. In parallel with the physical world, characterized by its tangible facts and realities, a new space has emerged—one composed of informational data. This virtual realm, governed by the ever-expanding realm of human needs, defies the limitations imposed by physical space. In response to the populace's increasing presence and engagement within this digital arena, governments have articulated a set of rights and responsibilities for its utilization. Nevertheless, a critical dimension of this discourse is the evolution of what can be described as a "cyber life." As virtual communities, virtual citizens, virtual interactions, virtual identities, and virtual security become integral facets of this digital realm, a fundamental question arises: Are individuals gradually giving rise to a form of existence characterized by their engagement in this new cyber life? Consequently, this article explores the question of what defines the "right to cyber life" and how such a right can be classified within the domain of human rights. Employing a descriptive-analytical and explanatory methodology, the findings of this article firmly establish the "right to cyber life" as a fourth-generation human right. This recognition is rooted in the way it has impacted the lives of individuals, shaping opportunities, presenting challenges, and posing potential threats within the realm of public policy.

National identity is one of the important fields that any government can manage in a way by adopting strategic policies and policies, and thus, the tendency of the members of the scientific, academic and student community, to strengthen awareness and knowledge about it; Because the issue of national identity is important for society in different ways. The first important point is that national identity can provide reasons for strengthening solidarity and cohesion in the country. Second, dealing with the challenges of national identity requires taking into account the changes and developments that require knowledge and awareness. Meanwhile, one of the important tools and mechanisms of the government to develop and strengthen the national identity, through the channel of awareness, is the institution of higher education. The university education system in the channel and path of education can transfer the concepts and proper understanding of the challenges and issues of national identity in the changing conditions and the need to adopt a suitable scientific strategy for it. So that, as a result, the grounds for strengthening people's sense of belonging to their national identity through science and knowledge are provided, which ultimately leads to the consolidation of solidarity and social cohesion. Considering the importance of this issue and the complex challenges that have arisen in connection with the national identity, the necessity of using this capacity is felt more and more. The State of the Islamic Republic of Iran is also forced to make better use of higher education in order to train students in order to strengthen their orientation towards their national identity. Considering the fact that a large part of Iran's population is young and in the era of globalization, and the role of this phenomenon in weakening the tendency of many Iranian students towards their national identity, this issue has become more necessary. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical and the findings indicate a change in some orientations towards new challenging situations.

In the early years of the Internet, the various functions of this technology were not known even among the academic community. Hence, there was a passive approach to the Internet, and by default it was referred to as threatening technology. Now, although a relatively short life has passed since the advent of the Internet and its development, the increasing expansion and formation of cyberspace and its integration with the lives of people in all dimensions and aspects, the dual nature (threat and opportunity) of this technology has become more prominent. The main purpose of this study is to explain the political, economic, cultural, social and security role of cyberspace in the national governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran. These dimensions are taken from studies in this field and reference models such as PESTEL. This research is of applied-development type and has been done by case-based method. The statistical population is 37 elites with managerial positions who have at least a master's degree. The method of data collection was field and library and the findings were analyzed using SPSS method. The research results indicate that cyberspace has 9 political functions, 10 economic functions, 9 socio-cultural functions and 9 security functions.

This study aims to provide an appropriate strategy for cyberspace management with a political participation approach using the SWOT technique. The research method was mixed and exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) that in the qualitative part, the phenomenological method and in the quantitative part, the descriptive-survey method was used. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes all political science and cyberspace experts in Tabriz and purposeful sampling method was used to select the sample. The sample size of 64 people was a semi-structured interview data collection tool and in the analysis of qualitative information, open coding, axial coding and selective coding were used manually. The statistical population of the quantitative section included 7000 experts and executive and political actors and cyberspace specialists of Tabriz in 1400, based on Morgan's table, 364 people were selected by purposive sampling method. Quantitative data collection tools included researcher-made questionnaires of 158 to assess SWOT. Descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software were used to analyze quantitative data. The results showed that there are 51 strengths, 34 weaknesses, 43 opportunities and 22 threats in the field of cyberspace with a political participation approach. Based on these strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, four strategies including conservative, offensive, defensive and competitive strategies for managing cyberspace with a political participation approach are defined; The results of swot matrix analysis showed that aggressive strategy and competitive strategy are the best strategies for managing cyberspace with a political participation approach.