defense

In today's era, rapid developments in science and technology, especially in the field of cognitive science, have had a profound impact on defense and security. This article seeks to answer the basic question, what will the future of defense-security environments be like with regard to the development of cognitive sciences and technologies? The premise of this research is that the development of cognitive sciences and technologies will have tremendous effects on the future of defense-security environments. To examine the issue, this research uses four main approaches: neuroscience approach to examine the impact of neuroscience and related technologies on brain function and human behavior in the field of defense and security, psychological approach to focus on understanding psychological factors on people's performance in situations Nizami, a social cognitive approach to study the mutual influence of humans, technology, and the social environment on decision-making, communication, and behavior in the field of defense and security, and a cognitive-computational approach to use computational models to simulate human cognitive processes and improve the performance of defense systems. Security. The current study is of qualitative type and the focus group method was used to collect data. In this research, thirteen cognitive science experts were invited to participate in the focus group meetings. The collected data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The results of this research show that cognitive sciences and technologies have many potential capabilities to improve the defense and security capabilities of countries. These capabilities can lead to the creation of different scenarios in areas such as improving the performance of soldiers, designing and producing cognitive weapons, dealing with cyber threats and cognitive warfare, and managing huge amounts of data.

With the growth of new technologies, there have been changes in today's life, which, along with new services, have their own threats and vulnerabilities. paying attention to the two spatialization of cities, especially a city like Tehran, is one of the most important priorities of planners and policymakers. As the political center of the country, Tehran is very crisis-causing, with a high concentration of political, administrative, executive, etc., and is one of the most important strategic cities of the country, the location of more than 1,500 government institutions, three forces, all ministries, and foreign embassies. It is the main military center and also the most important economic pole of the country. In this regard, the aim of the current research is to measure the indicators of passive defense in accordance with two-space threats (real space and non-real space) of Tehran metropolis. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The research statistical population of knowledgeable people; specialists in the field of defense are inactive. The size of the statistical population is 70 people. The sampling method is based on the snowball sampling method. SPSS and Excel software were used to summarize and extract the results and analyze them. The findings showed that the passive defense indicators in relation to the threats of the real space and the second space have a high average of 4.8, which indicates the importance of this issue and requires special attention to two-space especially in Tehran metropolis.

Land planning focuses on creating a logical relationship between population distribution and activities within a geographical area, identifying regional capabilities and resources to balance this relationship. In the context of all-round defense, it examines the features of community space to ensure an optimal distribution of the population and support cultural, social, political, and other activities. This research aims to explore the role of territorial planning in political defense, with a particular emphasis on population dynamics in both national and transnational contexts.The study is applied-developmental, using a descriptive method and qualitative approach. It involves document analysis and expert interviews, including an elite focus group. The research evaluates political defense factors, considering both the quality and quantity of demographic aspects in national and transnational environments. It identifies 22 factors in the national environment and 12 in the transnational environment.The results indicate that paying attention to the strategic distribution of the population and effectively utilizing regional biological and geographical capacities can strengthen political defense and enhance national capabilities. The research highlights the importance of territorial planning in promoting security and defense strategies on a national scale.

After the acceptance of Resolution 598, Imam Khomeini in his message in 1367 addressed to the country's commanders, raised the idea of an Comprehensive defense strategy and emphasized the necessity of its formulation in feautore. According to the needs of the day and time conditions and to deal with the soft and military threats, attention to this strategy in recent years by the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces. Air defense is the first priority and paying attention to Comprehensive defense of the country's sky is necessary from the perspective of His Highness, explaining the role of the Commander in guiding the Comprehensive defense of the country's sky is considered one of the most important points and is the goal of research. In terms of practical purpose, terms of qualitative, in terms, the present research is an explanatory description with the foundation's data analysis which has been examined and analyzed in the form of conceptualization, categorization, then modeling. According to the results the strategies and consequences of the guidance of the supreme command in the Comprehensive defense of the country's skies are as follows:Strategies:Endurance and preparedness and insight, maintaining and improving combat readiness and power, comprehensive response to threats by using coherent and integrated capabilities of command and control in Comprehensive defense, showing the power of deterrence and Comprehensive defense readiness by using indigenous equipmentConsequencessmart, technological, multi-skill based, flexible and dynamic defense, stable, permanent, reliable and responsive air defense and creating integrated deterrence for Iran.

The present research is illuminated to study the comparative analysis of the discourse in the wills of the holy martyrs and the shrine martyers. Discourse analysis is a branch of linguistics that analyzes texts and formulates the characteristics of its discursive index. Wills are a text in which, by expressing requests and orders, it tries to place orders on others. The present research is a descriptive and analytical study conducted by discourse analysis Method. In carrying out this research, we chose to select 20 wills from the Holy Defense period and 20 wills from the time of the shrines' in the present time. The basic assumption of this study was based on the assumption that the time and circumstances, in accordance with any time, would give rise to different discourses in its wills. A review of the 1030 sentences found that the discourse of the holy martyrs' rulings around the themes of Imam Khomeini and Velayat-e Faqih, Imam Hussein (AS) and Karbala, the danger of arrogance, following the clergy, veil and chastity, and not crying the martyrs and the discourse of the martyrs of the shrine The axis of support for Velayat-e faqih was the risk of arrogance and sedition, the preservation of hijab and chastity, the imams and the uprising of Ashura, the defense of the shrine, the preservation of the promise of revolution and the avoidance of divisions and unity.

Considering that the teachings of Islam are comprehensive and have written plans for all aspects of human life, the present article has tried to find some cases of jurisprudence that are somehow related to the category of social and psychological security in a problem-oriented research, by adopting a descriptive-analytical approach. are related, identify and examine the opinions of Ayatollah Khamenei in this regard. It is obvious that his positions are important from the point of view that he is a skilled jurist, over the years, he has gained valuable experiences through the management of society, and he has taken into consideration the implementation of the strategic teachings of the Shari'a, based on religious teachings; Therefore, the explanation of his approach can be used as a shining example for the managers of the society. The findings of the research indicate that addressing the category of defending social and psychological security in jurisprudential heritage, including discussions such as war and corruption on earth, defensive jihad, prohibition of sexual crimes and also some other doctrines such as the sanctity of occultation, Lies, slander, etc., which ensure the security of the society, have crystallized and the manifestations of these cases and their explanation, expansion and enlightenment can be clearly extracted and identified in the statements of Ayatollah Khamenei.

Military and defense projects have a high cost due to the use of advanced and up-to-date technologies; Therefore, the financing of defense and military projects is of special importance. Based on this, the aim of this research was to investigate the methods of financing the defense and military industries of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This research is mixed in terms of its practical purpose and method (qualitative-quantitative) that the financing methods of the defense and military industries were calculated by means of interviews with 8 experts in the field of economics in Aja and the findings of this qualitative part are in the form of the path coefficient of the structural equations in After verifying the validity and reliability of the internal and external model, Smart pls software was tested in a small community. Also, based on the questionnaire collected with Pearson test in SPSS software, the financing methods of defense and military industries were ranked. The results indicate that: 1- Government budget credits 2- Profits from defense industry contracts with the private sector or exports 3- Capital market tools 4- Murabahah bonds 5- National Development Fund resources in the form of defense readiness strengthening and capabilities 6- Joint venture JV 7- Istisnaa 8- Sale of excess oil approved by the annual budget 9- Sale and lease bonds 10- Depreciable interest bonds 11- Long-term borrowing 12- Subordinated bonds 13- Public and private partnership agreement 14- Short-term borrowing 15- Lease leading to owner ownership 16- Sale of real estate and surplus property of the defense industry or armed forces organizations 17- General leases 18- Timeshare leases 19- Franchise contracts to investor countries 20- Multinational companies.

The nature of power is based on the amount of resources and behavioral power, which is soft power. Behaviorally, soft power is called attractive power in its simplest definition. One of the most important means of its attraction will be the existence of soft power sources. Therefore, soft power is not only attractive behavior, but also resources and elements such as; It also depends on the economy, culture, political values, social values and foreign policy which are considered to create attractiveness. Recently, soft power has become a focal point in management and public policy discourses. Although it does not have a long history, it serves as a complementary counterpart to "hard power". Soft power has gained popularity in defense science, military, public and academic discourse due to its multi-foundation, but it is far from being scientifically conceptualized and paying attention to all its aspects. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to interpret the structural modeling of the components of soft power based on the political values of the Imam of the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The type of research is applied, development, which was determined by using a new analysis under the title of interpretative structural modeling, the relationships between the set of components. Based on the degree of influence and dependence of the components, only the "defense" component was determined as a link component. The key finding is that soft power based on political values in the shadow of defense;

Today, the positioning of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the geometry of power and role-playing at the regional and extra-regional levels has attracted the attention of many transnational actors to prevent the Islamic Republic of Iran from playing a role in global developments by creating threats. The research method in this article is a mixed method (quantitative-qualitative). In this research, SPSS statistical software was used to describe and analyze the data. Also, the current research is practical in terms of its purpose, and the nature of the current research is exploratory. The aim of the current research is to identify the extra-regional security-defense threats of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The statistical population of the current research is academicians, army and country officials, 100 of whom were selected through snowball sampling. The question of the current research is what are the extra-regional defense-security threats of the Islamic Republic of Iran and which one has the most impact. Based on the research results, defense-security threats are the most important with an average rating of 5.92. Then economic threats are in second place with an average rating of 44.15. Political threats are in the third place with an average rank of 4, and cultural-social threats are in the fourth place with an average rank of 3.65. Environmental threats with an average rank of 2.28 and geographical threats with an average rank of 1.01 have been assigned the 5th and 6th place, respectively.

between population distribution and activities in the land and regions, which can adjust the relationship between man and his activities with a holistic, comprehensive and long-term approach in planning. Employing the factor of population in a country by using the set of actual and potential capacities, capabilities and abilities of that country, in order to achieve and secure its national interests, can lead to the improvement of deterrence against multifaceted threats. In the meantime, economy is one of the important components of power, in addition to influencing international and regional equations, it also has a significant effect on the arrangement of the population in a territorial arrangement. This research seeks to find the answer to the question, what is the function of territorial planning in economic defense with an emphasis on the population? have been. The type of research is applied-developmental with a descriptive-exploratory method and it was done qualitatively. In this research, while studying documents and articles, as well as obtaining the opinions and opinions of experts and experts through interviews and forming an elite focal group, the results of economic defense factors with an emphasis on the population based on the function of land use in terms of quality and quantity, as well as economic factors in two environments It has been evaluated nationally and transnationally.According to the results of the research, 3 executive and practical suggestions of economic defense factors have been presented with an emphasis on the population in territorial planning.‏

The identity of each person is different and special, Like his fingerprint. People shape society with their different identities. These identities make the culture as a whole. When a sociery has a rich culture,it ,means that the identity of the people of that society has stability and high value. The foundation of this identity and culture is rooted in family and mother (a woman). So a woman causes the processing of healthy personality and identity, and cultural richness.The collective identity of indivduals forms the isentity of the commumtiy, and the identiy-making culture affects people. Characters are indicators of the realities of the realities of the society in which we live,and “gender”is one of the main elements that make up the character.Creativity is a natural characteristic of women, therefore, the role of women in identity-making is evident in all fields. Therefore, in this article, attention is paid to the identification of women in The Sacred Defense.Keywords: character, defense, war,women, identity, fighter.

The way of defense and security on the Iran-Afghanistan border and the considerations affecting it require attention to all factors affecting defense and security in various natural, human, economic, political, socio-cultural and military-security fields. Defense-security considerations include two categories of challenges and drivers. The main purpose of the research is to "explain the factors affecting the defense-security considerations of the Iran-Afghanistan border in dimensions (natural, human, economic, social-cultural, political and military-security) which correspond to the purpose of the main question of the research. This research is applied and based on descriptive, analytical and survey method. The statistical population of this research, 45 people were selected according to the characteristics of the research among the experts. The results of the research show that among the 18 factors counted, 9 factors as strengths and 9 factors as opportunities are effective on the defense-security considerations of the border between Iran and Afghanistan. Delphi technique was used to verify the factors and the results of the research show It gives 10 leading factors on the defense-security considerations of the Iran-Afghanistan border.

The Formation the Defense Treaty Organization as a form of "collective defense" is considered to maximize the strategic capability of countries that are faced with extensive threats. Islamic countries have always been coveted by politicians and world powers due to their privileged territorial and geographical position. Therefore, the Formation the Defense Treaty Organization among Islamic countries is important as a security convergence. The general purpose of the current research is to identify The Capacities and Challenges of Formation the Defense Treaty Organization of the Islamic Countries of West Asia This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The required information has been collected using the library method and referring to books and articles. Islamic countries, despite having challenges such as competition in beliefs and ways of thinking, territorial and ethnic-tribal differences, have many capacities such as single ideology, geopolitical scope, human resources and extensive military power to a Formation the Defense Treaty Organization. The general result indicates that Islamic countries can take effective steps to form a Formation the Defense Treaty Organization by adhering to commonalities, strengthening solidarity, paying attention to defense diplomacy and coalition in the fight against terrorism.

Jihad is a sacred thing that is emphasized in Islam. In the shadow of Jihad, the affairs of the religion and the world will be reformed. As long as Muslims do not rise to Jihad, corruption will take over the society. This article examines the relationship between religion and defense and jihad from the point of view of religious sources, especially the Sajjadiyyah. This research is of the "applied" type and the research method is of descriptive analytical type and its statistical community is Islamic sources regarding the relationship between religion and Jihad. The statistical sample of the research was selected from among religious books. The results of the research showed that the relationship between Jihad, defense and religion from the perspective of the Sajjadiyya scriptures, focusing on the prayers of frontiersmen, are: Jihad and defense for God Almighty, not the world; Jihad and defense to expand the table of slavery and servitude; The promotion of religion. The instructions of the Holy Quran are for Jihad and defense, cultural and for reviving monotheistic life of societies. The primary jihad also goes back to the defensive jihad. the value of defense is due to the existence of divine and human values, and Islam never has a worldly purpose for war and defense. Therefore, the wisdom of Jihad is cultural, and the purpose of defense and Jihad is to remove the obstacles to the propagation and defense of people and to fight against sectarianism that hinders the promotion of religion.

 Energy diplomacy is carrying out diplomatic missions in line with major development goals with the aim of improving the country's political and economic position and attracting international and regional investments and cooperation in the energy sector. Today, by benefiting from energy diplomacy, countries are trying to ensure their interests and energy security in this field as much as possible without using force. China, as the largest major energy consumer in the world, using the tool of energy diplomacy in the Middle East; Central Asia, Africa and Latin America have raised their major concerns about energy security. Energy diplomacy has become China's effective tool in determining the new global order, and this country has tried to adjust its foreign policy direction based on economic interests. China's energy diplomacy has been rapidly changing and expanding over the past two decades, and new geopolitical developments and the establishment of international regimes have strengthened this country's energy diplomacy. The main goal of this research is to examine China's strategy in the field of energy with an emphasis on the Ukraine war and the agreement between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This research with descriptive and analytical methods and library studies is an answer to the question of how the new global international developments are in line with the energy diplomacy goals of this country. China has strengthened its political legitimacy and economy by creating new investment opportunities, increasing connections with the global community and oil-rich countries, energy exports and imports. The consequences of these wars will be creating insecurity in the field of energy supply and increasing the price of energy carriers.

One of the most important tasks of any political system is to draw efficient strategies for drawing the geometry of interactions inside the country and facing political units in the field of international relations. For such a confrontation, the strategy of the second step of the Islamic revolution, based on the statement of the supreme leader of the revolution, is known as resistance. Examining the jurisprudential foundations of resistance in the Islamic Republic can determine the way of interaction with countries, institutions and international organizations. Therefore, the main problem of the research is, what is the position of the foundations of resistance desired by Ayatollah Khamenei in the system of Shia jurisprudence and which of the jurisprudential chapters can it be explained? The most important achievement of the present research is the explanation of the jurisprudential foundations of resistance as a determining component in the political and economic equations of the Islamic society and overcoming the challenges caused by the power seeking of the global domination system. The present research pursues this hypothesis that the concept of resistance intended by Ayatollah Khamenei can be explained with different chapters of jurisprudence such as defensive jihad, taqiyyah, amrba-maaruf, and the like. This research, with a descriptive and analytical method, during discussions and topics such as confronting tyranny inside the country and negation of domination, independence, achieving modern Islamic civilization in the field of international relations, deals with the jurisprudential explanation of the foundations of resistance in order to be able to provide a reasonable and comprehensive explanation of it. Muslims and intellectuals of the Islamic world.

The way of defense and security in the coasts of the Persian Gulf and the considerations affecting it require attention to all the factors affecting the defense and security of the coasts in different natural, human, political, economic, cultural-social and security-military fields. Security defense considerations include two categories of negative and positive factors. Negative factors that are a combination of weakness and threat are called challenges, and positive factors that are a combination of strength and opportunity are called promoters. In this article with the title "Effective factors on the defense-security considerations of the Persian Gulf coasts", it has been tried to examine the factors mentioned in dimensions (natural, human, economic, social-cultural, political and security-military). The main goal of the research is to "explain the factors influencing the defense-security considerations of the Persian Gulf coasts; which corresponds to the purpose of the main research question. This research is applied and based on descriptive, analytical and survey method. The statistical population of this research to determine the roles of strength and opportunity of the factors, 32 people have been selected from the experts according to the characteristics of the research. Delphi technique has been used to verify the promoters. Based on the analysis, the results of the research show that 6 promoters are effective on the defense-security considerations of the Persian Gulf coasts.

Today, with human progress in the field of knowledge and technology, we are witnessing tremendous developments in various fields, especially in the field of defense. With the appropriate and timely use of new technologies, including the Internet of Things technology in the intelligent defense of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces, it is possible to implement various military affairs more accurately and dynamically to realize the discussion of the intelligence of the equipment. By using the Internet of Things in intelligent command and control, intelligent logistic, intelligent transportation, environmental monitoring, training and simulation, etc., it is possible to have new and effective defense capabilities, and in fact, intelligent defense in the armed forces of our country against new and intelligent threats. The current research is titled " A model of  smart defense IOT-based for the Islamic Republic of  Iran armed forces" and was conducted with a descriptive-analytical method and a mixed (quantitative and qualitative) approach. In this research, the opinions of 70 commanders, managers and experts in the field of strategic and cyber defense sciences of the country have been used in the form of a questionnaire. Based on the research done, using the opinion of experts, five concepts of infrastructure and equipment, service and services, structure and organization, information, security and management and governance were placed as the basic dimensions of intelligent defense based on the Internet of Things, and then the components of each became one of these dimensions. After the statistical analysis of the results of the questionnaire, the strategic model of intelligent defense of Iran Armed Forces based on Internet of Things has been presented in five dimensions and 40 components.

Defense means the removal, removal, and disposal of rape for the purpose of securing the physical and mental well-being of individuals in the community, one of the most important issues in the field of Islamic jurisprudence and international law today, in which one's life or personality and His or her other people's reputation against the aggressor. Each of these two sources has terms and conditions, such as proportionality and the need to defend against danger, military and armed aggression, the necessity and necessity of defense against aggressors, which are manifested by differences and similarities. The Islamic religion has not only considered defense as a right but also an obligatory duty and has identified martyrs who are killed in defense of privacy. In international law, however, it has emphasized its rightfulness and, in some broad interpretations, excluded it from the scope of its defense and transformed it into a form of preventive attacks that overshadowed the nature of legitimate defense and normalized it. It makes the outside. The convergence and divergence of Islamic foundations with the western foundations begins from this point which can be discussed in this study.

 Artificial intelligence, which is currently known as one of the fastest growing areas of technology development, presents many opportunities for countries to improve their capabilities in the defense and military fields and even achieve new capabilities. The important goal of the present research is the statistics of strategic themes and their corresponding goals in the roadmap for the development of artificial intelligence and its developable applications for security defense purposes. The upcoming research is classified as "applied descriptive research". In the findings, a list of artificial intelligence applications (24 cases) was classified, and goals corresponding to strategic themes (6 cases), obstacles (13 cases in four groups) and activators (17 cases in three groups) were extracted in the development of artificial intelligence. Finally, the applications of artificial intelligence technology in the military field were counted, which are divided as follows: 1. Weapons platform; 2. Cyber security; 3. Logistics and transportation; 4. Health of the battlefield; 5. Simulation and training; 6. Planning and allocation of resources; 7. Environmental awareness and threat monitoring; 8. Information processing; And finally, the proposed research model was presented.