geopolitical crisis

The status-seeking of actors in the international arena is not necessarily based on a specific driver. What variables actors in foreign policy are most influenced by will play a decisive role in orienting it towards prestige is a disputed issue in international politics. Some other analysts point out that the status-seeking of world powers in the international system should be divided into large and small countries. In fact, according to researchers, the status-seeking of large powers is quite different from that of small powers. Russia as a big power in the Middle East could be regarded as status-seeking power in today's international system. Although the role of personal concerns can be traced to the direction of the country's foreign policy, other factors still dominate the country's foreign policy. Russia's foreign policy drives seem to be significantly similar to its domestic policy drives. Consolidating Russia's economy to maintain domestic economic growth, gain and maintain international prestige and prestige to define and pursue future interests, and maintain its security are among the most important drivers of its foreign policy. Russia's foreign policy is a relatively secure government foreign policy with serious security concerns, and it is also influenced by government foreign policy, which often uses the military option to achieve its goals, rather than relying on soft options. Russian foreign policy scholars place particular emphasis on the extension of Russia's domestic foreign policy. In other words, the role of domestic variables in the foreign policy of the Russian Federation is so significant and influential that without considering and examining these internal elements, a proper understanding of the foreign policy of this country cannot be done. According to some experts, the foreign policy of the Russian Federation does not reflect the ordinary interests of a state, but its most important feature is the influence of currents, groups, and competition between networks of power within the country. In addition, the role of cultural ideas in seeking prestige in Russian foreign policy cannot be ignored. The component of national culture has a significant role in shaping Russia's foreign policy so that its traces can be seen in all foreign policy actions of this country. By studying the strategic culture of this country, one can better see the relationship between the goals, motives, and international actions of this great actor and evaluate its behavioral patterns in managing international crises such as Ukraine and Syria. Some Domestic Foreign Policy Observers What was most evident in Putin's foreign policy during this period was the dominance of an identity-oriented approach in Russian foreign policy. From Putin's point of view, power and influence are strongly dependent on the question of national identity and the extent to which the citizens of a country consider themselves a nation and relate to their history, values, and traditions. Therefore, during this period, he made great efforts to restore Soviet power in the international arena; In other words, the focal point of Putin's foreign policy behavior during this period was based on the strengthening of national identity and nationalist ideas.In this sense, for the Russians, the concept of great power is psychological and emotional. The Russians believe that Russia has the right to be considered a great power, given its vast geography, vast resources, and history. Russia has always been a leader in history. The leader of international communism, the conductor of European concerts in the nineteenth century, and one of the two world superpowers in the twentieth century has always made Russia an identity of great power in the eyes of its people and politicians. It must be acknowledged, however, that Russia's ambition has relied heavily on Putin's particular foreign policy personality and approach.Status seeking as an analytical framework in foreign policy shows how Russia plays different roles in geopolitical crises. Influenced by Russia's geopolitical vision and historical identity, Russia's status-seeking has made it an influential actor in the Middle East's geopolitical crises. In this regard, the main issue of research is to understand the relationship between status-seeking in Russian foreign policy and its different performance in the Middle East geopolitical crises. The main question of this article is what the equation between Russian status-seeking is and Moscow's different performance in There have been two geopolitical crises in Syria and Yemen. In answer to this question, the research hypothesis is that the geopolitical crises in the Middle East affect Russia's status quo behavior to the extent that they affect both the components of Russia's historical identity and its geopolitical and geo-economic scope. The findings show that the Yemeni crisis, unlike Syria, lacked the necessary geopolitical potential for Russia to play the role of world power. In the face of the Syrian crisis, due to the interplay of regional and global geopolitical variables, as well as its historical connection to Russian identity and the Soviet empire, it was a good opportunity to advance Russia's strategy of prestige. The equation of Russian status-seeking and geopolitical crises in the Middle East has made Moscow reluctant to enter into patterns of friendship-hostility in the Middle East. In other words, in the Russian equation, strengthening or weakening the axis of resistance or compromise is not the main issue.

The Syrian geopolitical crisis is one of the most important security challenges that has affected the Middle East over the past decade. Given the importance of this issue, the present study seeks to answer the question: how have the conflicts of the Syrian geopolitical crisis affected the national security of the Islamic Republic? The article hypothesizes that the Syrian crisis has dimensions beyond political dissatisfaction and ethnic and religious challenges, and is rooted in negative interference and geopolitical rivalries for regional and supra-regional power. Relying on the theory of threat balance, the results indicate the geopolitical threats of the Islamic Republic in the military, political, cultural, social and economic fields and consequences such as increasing ethnic and sectarian threats in the country, the emergence and strengthening of takfiri terrorist groups in Iran, increasing border threats, increasing the presence of supra-regional powers, changing the balance of regional powers and weakening the axis of resistance.

The Middle East is currently at the center of a wide range of geopolitical crises, with the political structure outlined in the Sykes-Picot agreement reportedly undergoing serious change. The intervention of the great powers in managing the crisis of terrorism in the Middle East through war, especially after 9/11, has necessitated the rooting out of the geopolitical crisis in the Middle East and the foresight of its crisis. Accordingly, the present study aims to predict the course of geopolitical crises in the Middle East after 9/11. The research method was performed qualitatively using interview tools and grounded theory that the sample population of 10 people was questioned.The results of the study showed that the most important factor in the formation of geopolitical crises in the Middle East is the existence of abundant energy and resources that the great world powers are always trying to control.One of the most important underlying factors, the corruption of rentier governments and the most important interfering factors are the competition of regional and supra-regional powers for the development of their hegemony. Finally, the theoretical model of the research showed the foresight of the crisis in the Middle East at three levels: level 1 indicates the deepest type of geopolitical crisis, level 2 indicates the creation of a geopolitical crisis and military war, but at level 3, the geopolitical crisis and There will be no military war, because the level of overlap of theoretical variables does not reach the level of impact of the geopolitical crisis.

The Islamic world is one of the most sensitive and strategic areas in the geopolitical system at the spherical level. The enormous energy reserves, seas and communication routes, as well as its vast population and large population, have made this region a focal point in political and geopolitical equations. There are many opportunities in the Islamic world so that convergence in the Islamic world has the potential to bring about fundamental changes in the structure of global power. Despite the extensive human and natural capacities of geopolitical crises in the Muslim world, it has had devastating effects on sustainable development and sustainable security in the region, with geopolitical crises being a major obstacle to convergence between countries in the Muslim world. These crises have led to the boom in the economic capacities of the countries of the Islamic world, as well as countries engaged in security and marginalization issues and political conflicts. This descriptive-analytic study, using library resources and reputable internet sites, seeks to elucidate the role of trans-regional powers in the geopolitical crises of the Islamic world. This study highlights the role of transnational powers in the geopolitical crises of the Muslim world by identifying the sources of libraries and categorizing them in order to facilitate the identification of the role of these powers and their goals in the context of Islamic convergence. The Islamic world is one of the most dangerous areas in the world. The political security tensions in the region have had profound effects on the structure of power worldwide. The Islamic world has a variety of crises. Initially, the region, having been the center of the emergence of the world's religions, therefore has wide cultural complexities. Ethnic religious diversity in the region has made tensions visible at the formal, national and regional levels. Ethnic and religious differences have endangered the existence of political structures in the Muslim world. Ethnic geographical dimensions of the area is home to diverse ethnicities and races. The cultural diversity of these tribes has led the region to cultural competitions, with each ethnicity stepping in to develop its own culture. In the religious dimension, the territory of the Islamic world is divided between Shieh and Sunni religious groups. Another structural crisis in the Muslim world is problems with shared water basins and common border rivers as well as the dust phenomenon. As the Islamic World region is part of the arid region and the border rivers and catchments do not follow the political boundaries, so the shared waters pave the way for water conflicts and problems that have the potential for hydrophilic The title of a geopolitical crisis exacerbates the challenges of the Islamic world. Today, the problems of dehydration and dust have become a political security problem among the countries of the Islamic world, and these crises can be activated at any moment. Another geopolitical crisis in the Islamic world is geo-economics issues. Competition for sale of oil among oil-rich Islamic countries has hampered economic cooperation. Global powers are using the crises and tensions in sensitive areas of the world, including the Middle East and the Islamic world, to serve their own interests. Ethnic religious crises and in general the geocultural crisis, geo-economics crises and economic competition between regional powers and water crises in the Muslim world with regard to water problems have provided the ground for the presence and influence of world powers and these powers are exacerbated by the crisis being exploited. The resources of this region have prevented convergence. As it is seen today, with the increasing military and economic presence of world powers, the region is increasingly taking on new dimensions of spatial disruption and these crises are expanding. The results show that trans-regional powers have exacerbated geopolitical crises based on their goals, strategies and interests in the geo-economics, geocultural and hydraulic dimensions of the Islamic world. The economic wheel of world powers is turning to hydrocarbon energy sources, and these powers are increasingly in need of energy resources to meet their needs. Most of the world's energy resources exist in the Middle East in particular, and the Islamic world in general. Therefore, these powers are in the area of easy access to energy resources in the Islamic world. Global powers exacerbate geopolitical crises in the Islamic world by preventing regional cooperation between the countries of the Islamic world and securing their own interests and goals, thus making energy resources available at low prices and by turning the region into a market for the sale of their weapons. There is geo-economic competition in the Islamic world and between regional countries, and the interests of these powers are secured by preventing geo-economic cooperation between regional powers. On the other hand, the existence of geocultural crises in the Muslim world has provided the ground for the presence and influence of world powers to politically aggravate tensions in the region. As well as the hydrophilic problems in the Muslim world, it can pave the way for influence in the region's water projects to enable countries to engage in domestic issues and tensions at the local and regional levels, and to prevent cooperation and convergence between the countries of the Islamic world to achieve their goals. Follow their economy easily.

Beginning in the twentieth century and up to now, Islam has been viewed by both state and non-state actors as an increasingly important political force, whether in the sense of reinforcing alternative revolutionary models, rejecting current government rule, reforming social activities, women's rights, or reforming social rights, Phobia Islam (which is pursued by Western powers for the purpose of executing a strategy of disorder in the Islamic world as well as for creating panic in the public opinion of the world) in the form of kidnapping of foreigners, mistreatment of religious minorities or suicide bombings Is. While Islam has always endorsed politics as a clergyman, many writers have argued that in the twentieth century, the rise of Islam as a widespread political force to change, reform and even revolutionize the practice of responding to Westernization. Colonialism, the struggle for independence, as well as the establishment of a nation-state of our own have preceded the colonial period. The rooting of geopolitical crises requires investigating the historical course of crisis development and identifying factors influencing the occurrence of geopolitical crises, analyzing the role of governments and inter-regional political actors, recognizing the role of governments and interregional interfering actors, identifying and examining the role of religious, political and cultural elites, Is social. Summing up the views of the authors, it is believed that the crises of the Islamic world have at least two sources, both domestic and foreign. Thus, within the Muslim world and among Muslims, a complete lack of understanding of Islamic principles and teachings on the one hand and distortion of religion and instrumental use of religious concepts and principles by some intellectuals and power on the other hand lead to the creation of ideological beliefs and attitudes. There was a change in the Islamic world, and the Muslims became a sect and a group accordingly. This situation came to a critical point when dogmatism, self-centeredness among the followers of each sect was created and they considered themselves absolute rights and accused the followers of other groups of exaggeration. Over time, this ideological challenge was not only resolved but also intensified by the intervention of other actors, especially what is termed the "geopolitical competition of Islam and the West". There is also a divergence of opinion and religious-religious conflict not only among the Muslim people but also in the current conditions of the Muslim world, extending to political levels at the local, national, and regional scales. At the grassroots level, we see the clash of political groups and parties with ideological origins, and nationally, unfortunately, sectarian strife of religious and ethnic origin is mounting in the Muslim world, and at the most important level in terms of acting power, Muslim states and governments. These conflicts are at their highest levels, to the detriment of Muslim nations and nations, and to the benefit of non-Muslims. The present research was pursued to achieve the main objective of the research, which is to rank the influential components and indicators in the geopolitical crises of the Islamic world by using a mixed research method, a combination of two working methods. And verbal interviews with experts, study of the theoretical literature of research, interviews and obtaining point of view were done to explore the factors and then to describe the variables in order to identify the dimensions, components and related indicators in the model. Data analysis was done using Delphi method. Finally, the theoretical framework was elaborated and quantified (by designing a questionnaire and calculating the validity and reliability of data collection). Therefore, the research approach was mixed in terms of the type of data collected and in terms of development-purpose. Firstly, by using descriptive analysis, The collected data were summarized and categorized by descriptive statistics indices that were analyzed by mean, fashion, median, variance. Then, using inferential analysis method, correlation relations between components and indices were extracted and standardized by SPSS software. Finally, the researchers conclude that the Muslim world in the West Asian region is experiencing various geopolitical crises, such as the emergence of Takfiri groups, rivalry between neighboring countries, ideological rivalries, ethnic and cultural disruptions. Kurdish. In the short term, the crisis has caused the crisis of war, homelessness and the growth of terrorist currents, and will have far-reaching consequences in the long run, leading to the breakup and disintegration of Islamic countries into smaller and smaller areas and geopolitical changes in the West Asian region. Can be. The cause of these crises is the control, intervention and capture of one or more values ​​such as location, space, location, water, resources, territory, ethnic minority, export market, freight route, energy, island, gorge, boundary line, religious location, and the like. It is. In the present study, after examining the factors affecting the ratings crisis, according to Friedman test, it was found that the political factor and the human factor have the highest rank in the crisis, respectively. And the economic, military and human factors are ranked between these two factors.

After founding of a new Iraq in the post-World War I age, geopolitical crises have been the main indicator of political dynamics in the country, which has been featured in the Kurdish anti-geopolitical process over the past decades. In this regard, the aim of this research is answering this fundamental question that, what are the roots of geopolitical crises in Iraq and in particular, anti-geopolitical Kurds, and what factors have contributed to the continuation of this crisis? The findings of this study show that the geopolitics imposed by the great winners of the World War I, especially Britain, in shaping the post-World War I regional order, led to the formation and continuation of the geopolitical crisis in Iraq, and in particular the Kurdish anti-geopolitical resistance. On the other hand, the humanitarian intervention of the Security Council, and in particular the issuance of Security Council resolution 688, and ultimately the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, have led to the opening of the geopolitical blockade and the strengthening of the anti-geopolitical Kurdish resistance in Iraq. The research method is descriptive-analytic and the method of data collection is library and internet resources.

The Islamic world is suffering from various crises in the current situation, and we have not spoken exacerbatedly if the prevailing strategic dominant position of the Islamic world is a destabilizing and inappropriate space in terms of sustainable development indicators. The purpose of this study is to present a model of the geopolitical crises of the Islamic world in the format of internal and international crises on two levels between the countries of the Islamic world and other countries. The research methodology is descriptive-analytic. The required information is collected using a library method and by referring to authoritative sources, books and articles. The main question of the research is which of the actors and at what level are involved in the crises of the Islamic world? The creation of a crisis at various levels throughout the Muslim world, especially in the Middle East and North Africa, has prevented the Islamic states from becoming powerful. Most of the geopolitical crises exist on the surface between the Islamic world countries, and secondly, between the West and the Muslim world. This point reflects the geopolitical interests of many Western countries in the Muslim world, which do not easily ignore this part of their national interests. The results of the research indicate that since the crises of the Islamic world have two internal and external origins and fields, and has spread to different levels and dimensions in this region, unfortunately in the current situation, a clear vision for reducing and resolving conflicts and going towards Islamic unity and coherence does not exist.