good governance

Urbanization is one of the most promising opportunities for social and economic development through industrialization and modernization around the world. One of the social issues of urbanization in the current situation of Iranian society is the issue of social hope among the young generation. Social hope is one of the main elements in the development of societies, the creation of which requires capabilities and conditions that are built through the efficient functioning of governing institutions in society. In this regard, a theoretical model was designed based on internal and external theories and researches. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between governance quality and social hope of an applied type with a quantitative approach and a survey method. The study population consisted of young people aged 20 to 35 years in Bushehr city who were selected as a sample based on stratified random sampling method. The research tool was a questionnaire whose reliability was confirmed by combined reliability and Cronbach's alpha test, and its validity was confirmed by experts by divergent and convergent validity. For data analysis, multiple linear regression analysis by input method and SPSS software was used. The obtained results showed that because the significance value is equal to (0.00) less than 0.05 and the value of F statistic is equal to (62.81), then the fitted regression model is significant. Also, the five dimensions of the independent variable of governance quality in the research model explain 45% of the changes in the social hope of the youth of Bushehr city.

The concept of good governance has been a central focus for experts and thinkers since the 1990s. Good governance has impacted all aspects of citizens' lives across all societies, including Iran. This article attempts to assess the quality of governance in Iran and to demonstrate its relationship with sustainable national security over a period of approximately half a century. The primary question of this article is: How have the elements of good governance within the structure of the Islamic Republic of Iran influenced its sustainable national security? In response to this question, it is hypothesized that Iranian governments, through the imbalanced implementation of good governance elements, have exposed their sustainable national security to various environmental, economic, political, and socio-cultural risks. The findings of the article indicate that the impact of decades of poor governance can be observed in nearly all of Iran’s major challenges: sluggish economy, low employment rates, chronic hyperinflation, water crisis, disorganized pension system, human capital flight, and a decline in social trust. Ultimately, these issues have caused significant damage and various risks to the country's sustainable national security. This article employs a descriptive-analytical method, with data collected through library research.

In this research, an attempt has been made to examine the legal system in the Islamic Republic of Iran from the perspective of behavioral factors. These factors, which arise from normative and structural components, have significant effects on the legislative process, and knowing them helps to better understand the category of good governance. The main question raised in this research is: What are the behavioral factors influencing the legislative process in the Islamic Republic of Iran? In line with the aforementioned question, the hypothesis of this article is that a set of official and unofficial agents and agents have an impact on the important issue of law making in the country and each of them tries to change the legislative behavior in line with their interests and desires. turn around The present research was written based on the descriptive-analytical method, and the data were prepared by the library method and by taking a file. The findings of the research show that the behavioral factors affecting legislation in Iran are a reflection of Islamism and republicanism as the two basic values ​​of the structural system of the constitution; Republic has led to the emergence of democratic institutions and Islam has led to the emergence of high supervisory institutions. Each of these two, in the framework of the theory of optimal governance, indicates the limitations and possibilities of the said system.

Not only do Human Rights facilitate political functions through society, but also promote the legitimacy of political institutions. So Human rights get the right source of domestic and international conducting of the countries. It for being updated has a conceptual, contextual, and structural development in its historical trajectory. State indeed needs to be mentioned on what the global development resulted the good governance to improve its efficiency. The main question is what is related the security governance to Human rights. The hypothesis is that Human Rights by providing human security, sustainable development, and good governance make a proper setting for security governance. Improving accountability in the security sections and providing the people with monitoring increased the state's legitimacy and held it in trust. The security governance deems not to decline the capability of the security sections, rather it pursues self-regulation in managing the society in the right manner. As a result, the paper tries to show where means of self-regulating in the security section

Human development, as a multidimensional concept, is one of the key foundations of a country's development and can be instrumental in achieving the country's economic, social, and cultural objectives. The present research, using a descriptive-analytical method and a deductive approach based on the theoretical framework of good governance, seeks to answer the main and subsidiary questions: What impact has transparency had on human development indicators in Iran during the period from 2013 to 2021? And what is the relationship and correlation between transparency and human development indicators? The existence of high and low levels of transparency in Iran during this period has had a significant impact on human development indicators in society, and these effects have changed over time. There is generally a direct and positive correlation between transparency and human development indicators. This research aims to explore the relationship between human development indicators and transparency in society and provide an empirical analysis of the impact and relationship between these indicators and transparency. The findings of the study suggest that by enhancing transparency in the country's economic spheres through the expansion of modern information and communication technologies, along with the development of e-government and increasing public participation, and digitizing public services, transparency in society can be increased, thereby accelerating and facilitating the improvement of human development indicators.

High-level documents in any country fundamentally influence the patterns and criteria of governance. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Constitution serves as the primary foundational document, establishing the principles and foundations of governance following the Islamic Revolution. This document has shaped the legal and political basis of the Islamic Republic and has acted as a guide for policymaking and major decision-making in the country over the past four decades. In 2018, on the threshold of entering the fifth decade of the Islamic Republic’s existence, Ayatollah Khamenei issued a statement titled “The Second Step of the Islamic Revolution.” This statement, as a new high-level document, encompasses various aspects of politics, culture, science, economy, and society, outlining a roadmap for the future of the Islamic Republic of Iran in its “Second Step.” In this context, the statement specifically emphasizes the necessity of reconsidering approaches and policies, aiming to strengthen and improve governance in the country. This research initially aims to extract a governance model from the contents of the Second Step document (independent variable) and subsequently examines the compatibility between this model and the global document of “Good Governance” (moderating variable) through a comparative analysis, assessing their alignment with the country’s development (dependent variable). The research seeks to answer the following question: Can a coherent model for policymaking in the country be derived from the content of the Second Step statement of the Islamic Revolution? For public policymaking in Iran, which has better conditions between the content of the Second Step statement of the Islamic Revolution and good governance (global definition)? The authors’ hypothesis is based on the premise that the implementation of the components of the Second Step statement of the Islamic Revolution can lead to an improvement in the quality of governance and an increase in the efficiency of public policymaking in Iran. Furthermore, the alignment of the principles of the Second Step statement with global good governance criteria indicates the potential of this statement to create a sustainable and effective model for public policymaking.

Good governance is a new discourse that is defined by components such as legality, participation, accountability, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency. Among the components of good governance, transparency is considered one of the most important elements to achieve good governance. Because society has this possibility. to decide on the situation in a transparent and noble atmosphere. Also, in this space, why and how the decisions are made are shown. The current research seeks to answer the question that the realization of transparency in the government penal organization is based on what mechanisms and what challenges are raised in this regard? The results of the research in this regard show that the mechanisms of the penal organization in line with transparency include the free circulation of information, accountability and the use of electronic government tools. Also, the lack of a special procedure for proceedings in the Penalty Organization, the overlapping of jurisdictions between the Governmental Penalty Organization and other judicial authorities, and legal ambiguities and loopholes are among the most important challenges in this field.

In the economic development of countries, important features of good governance and using corruption control are the key factors to gain more public satisfaction and reduce the budget deficit are among the important program goals of governments. The necessity of the budget was formed in parallel with the importance of the role of governments in economic activities, and over time, the structure changed and evolved. In general, governments enter the market when the market alone cannot create efficiency in the economy and the prices do not reflect the real social costs and benefits. Corruption is one of the factors hindering growth and deviation in the economy Of course, the inability of the market mechanism alone does not justify the government's intervention in financial issues, in other words, although market failure is only a necessary condition for government intervention in the economy, it is not a sufficient condition. The condition is necessary because, according to the theory of the classics, if the market mechanism worked satisfactorily through the operation of invisible hands, there would be no need for government intervention. Generally, the government intervenes in the economy to prevent market failures, and protect people's rights, and international trade. According to the mentioned cases, the necessity of the government's intervention in some matters was proved; The important point is that with the expansion of these interventions and the increase of the activities of the public sector, the volume of their expenses has also expanded significantly over time. This issue has made the importance of paying attention to the budget and funding solutions even more important efficiency, which usually leads to increasing government budget deficits. In this regard, experience has shown that strengthening the foundations of good governance as an opportunity to increase growth, and security and improve the business environment can play a significant role in achieving the goals of sustainable development and adjusting the deficit figures. In the meantime, the effect of financial corruption directly and the effect of indicators determining good governance indirectly on the budget deficit are of serious concern. Improving the quality of governance, and especially controlling government corruption, can lead to managing public spending, gaining public confidence, increasing tax revenues, reducing tax evasion, and ultimately reducing the budget deficit. Therefore, the need to control corruption and increase the quality of governance becomes important. Corruption is like a force that damages the proper functioning of markets. In addition, the quality of governance is also another important institutional factor that affects the process of rowth and development and improving the performance of the tax system and as a result reducing the budget deficit.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the deterrent effect of good governance on the budget deficit through corruption control in developing economies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), during the years 2002-2018; using the generalized method of moments (GMM).

Many macro variables affect the budget deficit, and the focus of the present research was on two variables of good governance and corruption control, because today, financial corruption and its fight is considered as a fundamental issue in many different countries of the world.There are different types of corruption, one of which is financial corruption. Financial corruption is a complex phenomenon that has various effects. So that the scope of financial corruption is wide and it ranges from an individual act of paying a bribe to a comprehensive malpractice that includes all elements of the political and economic system. Corruption is sometimes considered as a structural problem of politics or economy, and it may also be considered as a cultural and moral issue; But in this research, only one of the consequences of corruption, i.e. the effect of financial corruption control on the budget deficit, was investigated. In general, it can be said that good governance is the practice of economic, political, and executive management of a country's resources to achieve the set goals.In line with the results of the studies of many thinkers, the results of this study also show the fact that the existence of corruption and lack of good governance can aggravate the problems of the underdevelopment of the countries under study, especially the problem of government budget deficits in be the economy of the country; Because in different economic systems, an important part of the government's duties are implemented through the budget.

 The results of the estimation of the research model showed that the main variables introduced have a significant effect on the budget deficit of governments; so the variable of corruption control has a negative and significant effect on the budget deficit, and the hypothesis related to the significance of the effect of the variable of corruption control on reducing the budget deficit cannot be rejected. The good governance index has a positive and significant effect on the budget deficit in the group of countries under study; Therefore, the hypothesis based on a meaningful relationship between good governance and budget deficit cannot be rejected either. The negative relationship between corruption control and tax revenue is confirmed; With the justification that the variable of good governance and corruption control affects both government revenues and government expenses Considering the extent and severity of the influence of these variables on government revenues and expenses in the MENA countries, the positive or negative relationship between good governance variables and corruption control on the budget deficit can be extracted. The general level of prices and the inflation index also showed that it can have a positive and significant effect on the government budget deficit in the MENA group of countries So creeping and mild inflations have a positive effect on investment and severe inflation also. It severely reduces and sometimes stops productive investment, Finally, based on the findings of the current research and the results of the estimation of the measurement model, the negative effect of corruption control and the positive effect of good governance on the budget deficit were confirmed.

The purpose of this research is to investigate, identify and design a model of good governance with the approach of developing the higher education system. This research was conducted in a qualitative manner using thematic analysis method, and data collection and extraction of related themes were done using semi-structured interviews with key experts in this field. The selection of the participants was by using the purposeful sampling method and the theoretical saturation criterion, based on which 17 people were selected from the presidents of Islamic Azad Universities in Isfahan province. For the reliability of the data, four criteria of Lincoln and Goba were used. MAXQDA statistical software was also used to analyze the data. The results of the research indicated that the model of good governance with the approach of developing the higher education system has three main categories (management, resources, performance), 10 sub-categories (comprehensive management, participation, independence, organizational effectiveness, financial resources, human capital, quality, Accountability, justice, ethics) and 50 concepts.

The purpose of this research was to design a qualitative model of good governance in the sports industry. The research method was qualitative and phenomenological. The participants in the research were professors and experts in the sports industry, and 13 people were selected by snowball sampling and based on the principle of theoretical saturation. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data. The Lincoln and Goba criteria were used for the reliability of the data. The results were analyzed by Max Kyuda statistical software. The results showed that the interview texts, It led to the identification of 2 main categories of professional ethics (with 3 subcategories of ethics, cooperation, responsibility) and organizational (with 4 subcategories of adherence to the law, commitment, evaluation, productivity) and 34 concepts.

Sovereignty as the source of government (government) has a distinct role in good governance, in this sense, the current research aims to explain the role of the efficiency of the governance system in realizing good governance; It aims to answer the question: "Does the efficiency of the governance system in the Islamic Republic of Iran play a decisive role in the realization of desirable governance with an Islamic approach?". For this purpose, a descriptive-analytical research method has been used to investigate the issue. To answer the aforementioned question, the dimensions of concepts and theoretical foundations were explained, and then the indicators effective in the efficiency of the governance of statistics and communication and the degrees of importance of their role in the efficiency of governance and the realization of desirable governance with the Islamic approach were determined. In line with the hypothesis of the research, which states: "The efficiency of the governance system of the Islamic Republic of Iran has a decisive role in realizing the desired governance with an Islamic approach", the results indicate that:among the three elements of governance ( government , civil society and private sector_citizens), the government as the manifestation of authority, objective symbol of governance governance, due to having various instruments"political power" plays an important role in achieving the good governance of islamic state .

Good governance is one of the most debated issues regarding the way of managing societies and there are various narrations regarding its patterns and components which is not able to be implemented in Islamic societies due to its materialistic perfectionism and human-centered tendency.Islam has repeatedly emphasized governance as the most important and necessary measure to implement God's religion in the Qur'an, the Prophet's (PBUH) way of life and the Sunnah and neglecting Islamic sources is the missing chain of governance in the Islamic world.Due to the substantive difference between the components of Western and Islamic governance, the main goal of the current research was to examine the Quranic components and the Prophet's life in governance.

Descriptive-analytical method of the content analytical type, which, in addition to what is the concept of good governance and its components, analyzes governance from the perspective of the Qur'an, the Prophet's (PBUH) way of life, and the Sunnah and has presented a model for the Islamic world

Sublime governance seeks to achieve closeness to God. The mentioned model indicates the convergence and co-evolution of the components of accountability, transparency, participation, rule of law, efficiency and justice along with other components

The results of the research show that in supreme governance, providing justice was the biggest goal and concern after monotheism.

In the recent decades and following the failure of theories regarding the government, by international institutions such as the Human Rights Commission and the World Bank, good governance as one of the dominant theories and models in the field of administration and management of modern societies has been put forward in the agenda of thinkers and development institutions, as well as Governments and global communities are placed. In this regard, this descriptive and analytical article has been written with the aim of explaining and understanding the cultural challenges of the elite sphere in the process of realizing good governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The present research hypothesis, in response to the cultural challenges of the elite field in the realization of good governance, emphasizes on cultural components such as negative individualism, secrecy and lack of transparency, differences and divisions. The findings show that there is a reciprocal relationship between the lack of good governance and cultural obstacles such as negative individualism, secrecy and lack of transparency, disagreement and division in the elite field. In addition, this article shows that the challenges and problems of good governance have been reproduced in the form of a vicious cycle over many years, and this vicious cycle has been the biggest obstacle to good governance in Iran. Political culture with concepts such as democratic discourse, reformability and political education, peaceful competition and moralism are among the cultural factors that can help to implement good governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran..

The main question of this article is what is good governance and what are its differences with bad governance? This article was compiled based on sources and library study in the field of governance . In the explanation of the article, descriptive-analytical methodology with the aim of examining two categories of defective governance and optimal governance. The findings and conclusions show that the development and progress as well as the backwardness of any nation is rooted in the country's governance. It is the quality and function of governance that determines whether governance is desirable or defective. Good governance requires the use of a set of policies and strategies in order to increase the efficiency and performance of the government in satisfying the people, also increasing the competition in the political and economic fields, as well as making the government more responsive and efficient and modern. Defective governance, which occurs by putting pressure on the people and imposing the desires of the rulers on different strata, causes a decrease in national satisfaction and a decrease in the performance as well as inefficiency of the government compared to other competing countries. In defective governance, those who have more qualifications and professional competence are left aside and those who have less competence take over the administration of the country's affairs. The results of this article will be able to evaluate, guide or modify a wide range of actions needed in the field of governance in the form of recommendations and policy packages.

Monitoring the transactions of municipalities is one of the key mechanisms of good urban governance, therefore, in countries that have a long history of "rule of law", there are usually legal and political mechanisms to monitor these institutions on their income, expenditure and transactions. Considering this issue, this article is looking for an answer to the question, what are the most important damages and loopholes in Tehran Municipality transactions? In this regard, we investigated this hypothesis by using a systemic model: lack of rule of law, corruption, lack of transparency in transactions, lack of responsibility and lack of accountability of city managers, lack of proper and continuous interaction of citizens and urban civil and union organizations with municipalities. and councils, lack of formal and informal monitoring of urban management, lack of supervision and control over financial income and expenditure and municipal transactions in the form of a legal and logical framework and the principles of the rule of law and its supervision among the most important damages and loopholes of transactions It is the municipality of Tehran. This article showed with a descriptive-analytical method that the system model, on the one hand, has a high strategic, practical and knowledge-based capacity to realize good governance in municipal affairs. In this regard, the use of systemic theory in this article is an innovative method in the analysis of legal transactions of Tehran municipality from the perspective of good governance.

The discourse of good governance has been raised by international organizations and institutions and some Western thinkers and theorists since several decades ago. According to the initial design of this topic in the West and based on the previous ideas of thinkers such as: Seyyed Javad Tabatabai based on the decline and decay of philosophy and political thought in Iran after Ibn Sina and Seyyed Ahmad Tabatabai indicating the conflict between international documents and Islamic concepts, this theory has been published, Considering the decline and conflict of philosophy and political thought in Iran, in order to study and research in the field of good governance, Iranian and Islamic sources should be looked at with suspicion and the issue should be addressed by referring to the published western literature. In this research, with the aim of validating the mentioned theories by taking library records and using the descriptive and analytical method, referring to the opinions of the founders of philosophy and political thought in post-Islamic Iran, Farabi and the position of Supreme Leader (Madazleh) in the position of the leader of the revolution. Islamic Iran, we are looking for an answer to this question that Considering the western elements and features, has there been a discussion about good governance in the opinion of Farabi and the Supreme Leader? With the conducted studies, we came to the proposition that the two-dimensional epistemological, ontological and anthropological foundations of philosophy and political thought in Iran are not only western, including the one-dimensional theories of today, but philosophy and political thought in Iran have not gone through the decline curve and are contradictory. It doesn't have either, and it's from the western one-dimensional theories.

In recent decades, the implementation of good governance programs and reforms as a development strategy has been requested from developing countries by many international financial institutions and donor countries that are part of developed countries and introduced as the most effective development model. The purpose of the current research is to investigate the components of good governance of the legislative branch. And the research method is descriptive-analytical. The legislature is one of the important institutions in the country's macro-decision-making, considering the relationship between the legislature and the executive, the governance in the Islamic Republic can be considered a semi-presidential and semi-parliamentary system. The findings show that the principles of good governance as a development strategy create several requirements for the legislature and these requirements are examined by separating the functions of the legislature into legislative and regulatory functions. The executive branch should not be negatively affected.

In this article, an attempt has been made to empirically examine the effect of institutional quality on the occurrence of civil armed conflicts in countries with oil revenues. For this purpose, the effect of good governance and its main components (as indicators of institutional quality measurement) along with the abundance of oil resources on the occurrence of civil armed conflict in 68 oil exporting countries during the period of 1995-2019 has been investigated. T Empirical results using the logit model show that during the period under review, the abundance of oil resources has a positive and significant effect and good governance indicators have a negative and significant effect on civil armed conflict. Meanwhile, in the presence of good governance indicators, the positive effect of abundance of oil resources on civil armed conflict is reduced. In addition, among the components that make up the good governance index, the transparency and political stability component compared to its other components has the greatest effect in reducing the occurrence of civil armed conflict, and as well as reducing the positive effect of the abundance of oil resources on civil armed conflict in the studied countries. Based on the experimental results obtained, the most important policy recommendation of this article is to provide the necessary platforms to fulfill the requirements of good governance in oil exporting countries in order to reduce the occurrence of civil conflicts and the political curse of natural resources.

Desirable governance under the discourse of modern Islamic civilization, which was one of the most fundamental and meaningful concepts that was formed in the context of the Islamic Revolution and then became a dominant discourse. The concept and development of the ideal governance requires the theorization of the components of government, its acquisition and issuance as a conceptual model that requires the explanation of the ideal governance according to the capacities of religious teachings. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this research addressed the question of what characteristics and components the ideal government has at the level of the Islamic revolution. In response to this hypothesis, the desired governance was proposed in line with the Islamic revolution based on Islamic teachings, which are elaborated in accordance with the capacities of today's humanity, with a twin view of the world and the hereafter, accountability, transparency, accountability, legality and the protection of citizen's rights. Drawing and regulating the relationships of human social life. Findings show. First, the indicators of good governance have a positive and significant relationship with the legitimacy of governments in different dimensions, especially the level of satisfaction of citizens. Secondly, the characteristics of good governance can be seen not only in religious teachings, but the grounds and tools for its realization during the four decades of the revolution are provided in accordance with the requirements of the society in legislation, justice and implementation. .

Good governance refers to achieving the rule of law, transparency, accountability, participation, equality, efficiency, effectiveness, accountability, individual freedom, press freedom, and active civil society. Along with these prerequisites, political culture, and in particular the political culture of the elites, is crucial in institutionalizing the principles of good governance, especially in developing countries. This subject has drawn the attention of certain good governance studies academics in recent decades. The results showed that if the political culture of the elites is democratic or accepts at least some minimal democratic values, it can act as the basis for advancing democracy or political development in the sense of raising political participation and competition. In societies where, for various and complex reasons, the political culture of the elites is anti-participatory in the sense of being anti-democratic, authoritarian political structures and an ideology consistent with it can pose a significant barrier to the advancement of democratic indicators. A political culture that is authoritarian and non-participatory acts as a factor that hinders political development. In contrast, democratic and participatory ideals and attitudes significantly influence a country's political development. This is more evident in emerging nations when elite political culture has a more robust coefficient of determination.