hirmand

The present paper seeks to discuss the issue of Hirmand and the re-empowerment of the Taliban in Afghanistan. Over the past century, Afghanistan has consumed a larger volume of water and reduced the amount of water imported into the eastern regions of Iran, including Sistan, by constructing numerous dams and water projects along the Hirmand route. This issue has exacerbated dehydration in the eastern parts of Iran, including Sistan, in times of drought in the upper part of the river, and poses many threats to the region. With the Taliban regaining power in Afghanistan, the issue of Hirmand's Haqabah remains a major issue in Tehran-Kabul relations, with the group at times exploiting the water factor to put pressure on Tehran to advance its goals and policies, which this poses a threat to the Islamic Republic. The real question is, as the Taliban regains strength in Afghanistan, what policy will the group pursue on the Hirmand issue? The hypothesis of the article is that "intertwined reasons such as Afghanistan's upstream position, the country's extensive need for water resources, the development of agricultural activities and dam building in the Afghan territory, and on the other hand, the Taliban's need for a stable government and international recognition have caused this group, while pursuing a cooperative policy towards Iran, at times also to use the leverage of Hirmand. It can exert pressure on Tehran to gain concessions and advance its policies, which could pose an environmental and security threat to Iran's eastern regions, including Sistan". The results of the research show that Afghanistan's geographical position as an upstream country, the development of water projects in the country's territory, as well as the need of the Taliban for a legal government and international legitimacy have caused Kabul authorities to use Hirmand leverage in order to achieve their goals and enhance their power at times, thus providing for the eastern regions of Iran. Create environmental and security views. Qualitative analysis method was used to analyze the data of this study.

The escape of Ashraf Ghani and the return to power of the Taliban in Afghanistan brought the process of developments in this country to a new stage. After one year of the caretaker government of the Taliban, gaining international legitimacy is still the most important challenge of the Taliban leaders, and during this time, the inclusive government has not been formed. The lack of fair distribution of power in the second government of the Taliban and the emphasis of its leaders on the inclusiveness of the current government and the rejection of the leaders of the former government due to cooperation with the United States have caused the recognition of the current government by the countries of the world, even neighboring countries, not to be a priority. Of course, there has been more or less interaction and communication between the neighboring governments and the political leaders of the Taliban. Meanwhile, some understandings have also caused border disputes with neighboring countries. Regarding the border disputes between Iran and the current rulers of Afghanistan, while acknowledging the existence of some border and water disputes, the role of biased arbitration of colonial countries, especially the British, should be mentioned. At the current stage, with the coming of the Taliban to power and the disgraceful exit and defeat of the United States in Afghanistan, many efforts have been made to turn the border disputes between Iran and Afghanistan into border conflicts, and then through Iranophobia in Afghanistan and Afghanophobia and Talibanphobia in Iran, the two countries are practically divided. involved in ethnic-religious war and in another way to implement the constructive chaos project in Afghanistan and its neighboring countries.

Undoubtedly, the most important challenge facing humankind in today’s world is the water crisis and the consequences of this crisis. Water is the source of production, effort and civilization, and the life and death of man and nature depend on the existence and absence of it. In this regard, increasing attention to the issue of border rivers has become increasingly important, and everybody sees increased hydropolitical disputes between countries.Hydropolitics, as an orientation of political geography, studies the role of water in political behaviors on a large scale. Despite the ignorance of the reality of the complex relationship between water and security by some international security experts, the facts point out that the scarcity of freshwater industries can be posed as a persistent challenge in international relations. The dispute between Iran and Afghanistan on how to divide and exploit Hirmand water is 130 years old. This dispute has caused various environmental and security damages to the I.R.Iran