identification

With the end of the Cold War, a new chapter in relations between governments began. Among other things, the criteria that existed around the recognition of a newly established government were changed. Emphasis on concepts such as peace, democracy, self-determination and human rights caused democratic legitimacy to be proposed as a new element for the recognition of a government. This article aims to examine the place of democratic legitimacy in the field of government recognition. The hypothesis of the research is based on the fact that the criterion of democratic legitimacy has to a large extent been able to challenge the “exercise of effective power” which was the basic criterion for the recognition of a state in classical international law. The findings of the research indicate that with the passage of time, international actors, including countries and international organizations, have implicitly always included democratic legitimacy in identifying new governments more than in the past. The results of this study also confirm the fact that currently the position of democratic legitimacy in the identification institution is surpassing the criterion of effective control and the international instruments and mechanisms in this field, although implicitly, are trying to support it as much as possible. This article has been compiled by collecting and reviewing the documents and literature produced around the topic under discussion in a descriptive-analytical method.

The aim of the present study was to identify cultural barriers to political development in Iran. The research method was qualitative and used content analysis to identify the dimensions and components of cultural barriers to political development in Iran. This research was developmental-applied in terms of its purpose, descriptive in terms of data collection, and exploratory in terms of data certainty. Sampling in the present study was purposeful and continued until theoretical saturation. In the written sources section, theoretical saturation was achieved by reviewing 29 sources (from 1994 to 2013) and in the interview section with 9 interviews. The research findings showed that cultural barriers to political development in Iran were classified into 238 basic themes, 42 organizing themes, and 13 comprehensive themes. The overarching themes include: dogmatism and uncriticalness, irrationalism, extreme traditionalism, neuroticism, weak work ethic, weak collective spirit, discrimination and inequality, conservatism, fear of facing reality, oligarchy, flattery and hypocrisy, lack of discipline, and burning out of experience. The research findings emphasized that designing educational and cultural programs to promote public awareness and strengthen the spirit of social participation, as well as paying attention to cultural diversity and creating a space for dialogue and exchange of views, can help reduce these obstacles and pave the way for political development in Iran.

The category of border security is one of the important theoretical and practical topics of the security and defense fields, which has undergone changes in terms of nature and function in the last two decades. In terms of authority, border security includes, in addition to governments, people and populations living in border areas, people and goods that cross the borders. Border security becomes more important due to the fact that it plays the role of an intermediary between internal and external security and is considered the Achilles heel of governments. The borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran are not exempt from this general rule and have been the site of many wars and conflicts. World War I, II, and Iraq's imposed war against Iran show the turbulence of threats on Iran's borders. The new challenges that have arisen in Iran's eastern neighbor, Afghanistan, and the rise of the Taliban in this country, will change all the security equations of the country's eastern borders. Things like refugees, religious radicalism, insecurity, and even terrorism and drug trafficking, all change quantitatively and qualitatively. Also, the Taliban's way of looking at Islam and the alignment of their thoughts with the government and especially the intelligence apparatus of Pakistan has an impact on the Baluchistan region of Iran. Based on this, in order to predict the country's security situation in the coming years and design suitable security scenarios, it seems necessary to identify the drivers of threats to the country's eastern borders, and researchers seek to answer the main question of what social and economic variables are on the horizon. Are 1405 challenges for the security of the country's eastern borders?

This research is applied in terms of its nature and purpose, and descriptive survey in terms of the type of method and exploratory due to its prospective nature. In this research, the environmental monitoring method was used to identify key variables and form questionnaire items. The statistical population of the research includes familiar experts in related scientific fields. In order to analyze the findings of the research, cross-matrix future research methods were used using Mic Mac software.

The findings of the research showed that the variable of underdevelopment as a strategic variable and the variables of poverty and illiteracy of the people of the region, the problem of unemployment, the construction of border terminals, human trafficking and drug trafficking as key economic and social challenging variables. The eastern borders of the country were identified in connection with the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and in the perspective of 1405.

The results of the research also show that economic and social variables in Sistan and Baluchistan province are the cause of security problems such as human trafficking and drug trafficking. And these results confirm the opinions of the famous thinker of the Copenhagen school, Bari Buzan.Borders have long been heavily guarded places. Contemporary borders are segregated, and the security function of the border has changed from the territorial limits of states to heterogeneous places that are beyond the geopolitics of borderlines. Various researchers have discussed issues such as the competencies and powers of border authorities, the intensification of cross-border policies over time, new border security technologies, immigration control with citizenship laws, and some dimensions of border security xenophobia. The study of borders has confronted us with a variety of new challenges in the contemporary global political environment, despite efforts to dynamize national borders, governments are still trying to maintain traditional borders. Contrary to the initial slogans about the breaking of national borders (Jones & Johnson) due to ISIS attacks and the refugee crisis, the European Union has gone to re-establish the control of internal Schengen borders (McConnell et al).The issue of border security is one of the important theoretical and practical issues in security and defense fields, which has undergone changes in terms of nature and function in the last two decades. In terms of border security jurisdiction, in addition to governments, it includes people and populations living in border areas, as well as people and goods that cross borders. Border security becomes more important due to the fact that it plays the role of intermediary between internal and external security and is considered the Achilles heel of governments. The direction of threats from external sources is the vulnerability point of governments, and relations between neighbors may turn dark at any time. Borders are the first layer of absorbing negative waves, so governments focus on border security more than anything else.The borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran are not exempted from this general rule and have been the site of many wars and conflicts, World War I, and II and the war imposed by Iraq against Iran are indicative of the turbulence of threats on Iran's borders. Iran's peripheral borders are over 8731 km, of which 4113 km are land borders and 1918 km are river, lake, and swamp borders, and 2700 km are the coasts of Iran in the north (Mazandaran Sea) and in the south (Persian Gulf and Oman Sea). Iran's eastern borders share a 945-kilometer border with Afghanistan from the mouth of Zulfiqar to Mount Malek Siah and a 978-kilometer border with Pakistan from Mount Malek Siah to the mouth of the Gulf of Gwadar. Iran's eastern borders require a national and even international perspective due to geopolitical reasons. In the two eastern neighboring countries, we are witnessing a combination of terrorism, war, insecurity, and radicalism, which has manifested its direct and indirect effects on the eastern borders. With the connection of drug trafficking to the international mafia, this process has entered new and complicated stages. The borders of Iran and Afghanistan were determined in the Hariroud area by General McLean in 1891, in the Hashtadan and Dasht Hashem areas in 1935 by Fakhreddin Altai Turk, and in the Hamon and Hirmand areas by Goldsmith and McCammon in 1872 and 1903. The borders of Iran and Pakistan were also defined by Holdij in 1905 and 1896 from Black Mountain to Kohak.One of the determining factors in the field of security studies, especially border security, is the element of time. Knowing the future and taking timely action is the key to success in the field of security and strategic decisions. In the current era, studying the future and trying to predict it, the existing trends and the features of emerging trends and phenomena, and in its continuation, building the future by it is one of the main features of security planning. The new challenges that have arisen in Iran's eastern neighbor, Afghanistan, and the rise of the Taliban in this country, will change all the security equations of the country's eastern borders. Things like refugees, religious radicalism, insecurity, even terrorism, and drug trafficking all change quantitatively and qualitatively. Also, the Taliban's way of looking at Islam and the alignment of their thoughts with the government and especially the intelligence apparatus of Pakistan has an impact on the Baluchistan region of Iran. Based on this, in order to predict the country's security situation in the coming years and design suitable security scenarios, it seems necessary to identify the drivers of threats to the eastern borders of the country, and researchers are looking for answers to the main question of what social and economic variables in the time horizon of 1405 for the security of the eastern borders. Are they a challenging country؟

The main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the financial statements in accordance with the entrepreneurial marketing of companies. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of nature. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire that was approved by experts. The statistical population of this study included 570 managers and employees of the departments and managements of the National Company for Southern Oilfields. Also, the second population was experts and professors and strategic managers aware of financial management and marketing. The research sample includes 291 managers and employees who were randomly selected and 15 people were selected from the group of experts by snowball method. To answer the research question, review the hypotheses and analyze the collected findings, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with SPSS and Expert Choice software were used.The results of data analysis showed that, dimensional location of financial information, financial information interconnection, financial information classification management, preparation of cash flow statement, separation and separation of financial information, adaptive table, liquidity and risk-taking flexibility, creation Value, and resource leverage were obtained by experts using the Delphi method. In the end, using the TOPSIS technique, the identified criteria were prioritized, with the first priority being the separation and segregation of financial information with the highest priority and risk. They had the lowest priority

Family in Iranian society, as the most important social unit, has an unbreakable link with cultural security and the continuity of desirable characteristics of Iranian-Islamic identity. This function has undergone changes in recent years, so that it seems that in the coming years, the undisputed role of Family in strengthening the cultural security of the society will be challenged. The question of this article is what factors have challenged the functional relationships of the family and cultural security and reduced the influence of the family institution on strengthening the cultural security in the society. In response to this question, the present article deals with the functional relationship of Family on the category of cultural security and examines the challenges in this regard. Manifestations of new and different lifestyles from the traditional framework, the capacity of social networks in giving identity and the contradiction of socialization in the family with formal socialization patterns are among the most important challenges in weakening the functional relationships of Family and cultural security.

The purpose of this research is to present a hybrid model for assessing and ranking the risk of maritime knowledge companies. Maritime knowledge bases were defined as expert use and risk breakdown structure for these companies at three levels. Then, the importance of risk categories and their weight was determined using dimatel technique. In the next step, risk assessment criteria were defined and according to Taguchi's loss function method, each risk was evaluated in each criterion and their loss score was calculated. Finally, by multiplying the risk categories by the average risk loss in the criteria, the final (weighted) loss score was calculated and the risks were ranked accordingly. The results show that "political and legal" and "education" risk categories are more important and affect other risk categories. The risks of “new technology transfer problems”, “inadequate technology inefficiency”, “lack of expertise and expertise in human resources”, “international sanctions” and so on were assessed as the most important risks.

Population aging is a phenomenon requiring attention. Any decision and action in this regard should be based on future image(s). Scenario planning is a way of thinking about the future and its focus is often on the possible images.The overall goal of this research is to identify and analyze the interactive and affective variables and key propellants affecting future images of the older using interactive effects analysis.

This article is applied research based on use; In terms of the nature is exploratory research; In terms of data collection is descriptive-survey and according to application is classified within futures studies.

The findings in this study were extracted by using the Micmac software and interaction analysis that identified 12 subjective patterns and key factors such as personal and organizational learning, effective training, and localization of successful aging models. Personal skills, social networks, income and wealth distribution processes, demographic changes, customs changes, work force, financial stability, individualism, individual flexibility.

Generally, the authorities in the field of aging can be aware of the extent and importance of each of the variables mentioned, pay serious and operational attention to these factors, and be able to plan well and reasonably, in not far away future, it will not be neglected and ready for it.

In this research, by employing the theoretical method and model of Thomas Spriggens in the framework of the sociology of cognition, the origin of the concept of ​​resistance and the manner of its inception and institutionalization in the mentality of the Iranian society has been analyzed. Thus, the present research seeks to answer this fundamental question; what factors have played an effective role in the formation, development and institutionalization of the concept of ​​resistance in Iran? The researchers’ approach is descriptive-analytical and the crisis theory of Spriggens has been used to analyze the data. The results delineate that the Iranian society has always been faced with despotism, increasing intervention of the great powers and the violation of its national independence by the foreigners. In response to the despotism and the crisis of independence, the elites, intellectuals (religious and non-religious) proposed indigenousness as a manifestation of the concept of ​​resistance. The clergy portrayed indigenousness in the framework of political Islam and the nationalists portrayed indigenousness in the framework of the Iranian nationalism as the ideal political system. The “resistance” against despotism and domination of the great powers is considered as the common point of the two discourses of indigenousness. Eventually, these two discourses became relatively compatible with the leadership and guidance of the great revolutionary and Islamic reformer, Imam Khomeini, in the form and context of the Shiite religion, and the Iranian nationalism came under the model of the political Islam derived from the Islamic Revolution of Iran and has been conceptualized in connection with that. Therefore, the concept of ​​resistance is a historical, situational and contextual phenomenon and the inception of the concept of ​​resistance in the Iranian society can be considered as the result of the clash of thought, reality, dialectical relationship and their reciprocal influence.

Today, the aviation industry is very much in use and connected the world. So updating the industry with latest technologies will solve many problems. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify and prioritize the feasibility of future technologies in the aviation industry, emphasizing the key technologies using the survey method. The statistical population in this study consists of senior managers, middle managers, IT experts of various airlines and managers and experts in the field of aviation industry information technology. The snowball method was also used in this study to select experts and we continued sampling until the number of members reached 15. Finally, in order to determine the position of each technology in the future, the average of the final numbers on feasibility was considered as the feasibility number and priority of that technology. The results of data analysis show that prioritization of technology feasibility in Iranian aviation industry include: passenger load, metadata, cyber security, artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, augmented reality, IoT, blockchain, startups and High-scalability, virtual reality, voice, translation, robotics, and drones are the priorities that can guide policy making in the Iranian aviation industry.

The purpose of this study is to identify and investigate the role of justice in the pathology of litigation. Initial lawsuits are lawsuits that are brought against a third party by the plaintiff or the defendant or a third party or by the principal parties while the main lawsuit is being heard. These lawsuits must either be related to the original lawsuit or be related to the main lawsuit, in which case they will be filed in the court where the main lawsuit was filed. The purpose of litigation is to prevent recurrence of litigation and to avoid conflicting judgments.The subject matter and other elements of the proceedings must be in an unchangeable manner. To avoid any surprise action that endangers a worthy judge. But the immutability of the elements of the proceedings should not be considered absolute.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Fishing tools have also been used to collect data. Findings and

The importance of Tari lawsuits stems from the fact that during the main lawsuit And their design is accidental and usually the decision on the main lawsuit is subject to clarification It is the result of a lawsuit, and in practice it is very much in the courts.Such importance, unfortunately, has not been properly considered not only by the legislature, but also by issues, The issues, legal effects and procedure governing such lawsuits have not been considered by lawyers.

Using descriptive and analytical research methods, we tried to achieve the above goals. The findings suggest that independent states have equal sovereignty. Therefore, in order for a country to have the right to sovereignty and enjoy such a right in the international arena, it must be recognized by the international community, or at least, a country, the most important of which are its neighbors. It can be said that identification is the first necessary step to achieve legal identity. Recognition of countries is a political act that has only legal effects and consequences, and therefore the act of recognition is not in itself an international legal act. No country has the duty to recognize another country or another government unless the interests of the recognizing country so require, and no country has the right to be recognized and to demand it from others. If a country meets all the characteristics described in international relations or the rulings of the International Court of Justice (territory, population, government and sovereignty), it cannot be a subject of international law if it is not at least recognized as a country. As a billionaire country like the People's Republic of China has not been recognized by many countries for many years. Legally, membership in the United Nations also does not impose an obligation on others to recognize it.

In the post-Cold War space, the geopolitical and practical model of US political and security officials has been formulated that there should be no room for the emergence of potential threats. Therefore, geopolitical discourse as a major tool in US foreign policy has become a reality, and Americans have labeled "political Islam" as a symbol of terrorism. In this regard, US geopolitical discourse was implemented by activating a pre-emptive war strategy to realize geopolitical interests: interventionism, counterterrorism, unilateralism, and ideological conflict, which can be referred to as geoterrorism strategy. . To put it another way, new post-Cold War semantic and discourse forms were introduced by the United States to antagonize and alienate them, which apparently put the fight against violence and terrorism at the forefront of its global geopolitical agenda. So the main question of this study is what is the relationship between geoterrorism and the US counterterrorism discourse in the post-Cold War order? The research hypothesis is that: "Geoterrorism is the bedrock of the discourse and the basis of US strategic policy in the post-Cold War space through which it fights against fundamentalist terrorism and the enemy of Western civilization (Islam) as its ideological counterpart after the fall of the Soviet Union. It has sought to fulfill its strategic demands, especially in the West Asian region."

In addition to legal and non-judicial methods of resolving disputes in the real world, with the spread of the Internet, the issue of resolving disputes online has also been raised, but one of the main reasons for the desire of individuals to resolve disputes online Be; Trust in arbitration and another issue is the identification of the parties as well as the existence of security in the exchange of information and attention to the privacy of individuals. Another issue is ensuring the implementation of the verdict in the online litigation system, which, if realized, will pave the way for the parties to have confidence in this method and the growth and development of virtual dispute resolution using online techniques. Among these, one of the methods of virtual dispute resolution is the use of online arbitration, the purpose of this research will be to express and explain this type of litigation and its challenges regarding the mentioned issues. There does not seem to be a serious obstacle to online arbitration, but certainly both international law and Iranian law need to be updated.

Some believe that in the years after the Islamic Revolution, their preservation and self-respect in foreign policy have been superior to national interests, and national interests have often been neglected. But it should be said that this amount of attention and dignity can be derived from the "decent dignitaries" of Iranians. In fact, this is not necessarily after the Islamic Revolution, but for centuries, has been implicated in Iran's engagement with the outside world, which can be called the Safavits era as one of the first manifestations of the experience of a strategic culture of domination in contemporary Iran's foreign policy. Therefore, the present article, using the analytical concept of "dignity" and with a historical and descriptive analytical approach, seeks to prove that other concepts, other than the acquisition of power and security, such as "dignity," have the ability to explain Iranian foreign policy during the Safavits period And, in the end, the main question of the current research is whether other concepts, other than the acquisition of "power" and "security", such as "pride", along with the three components of "self-imposed restriction in conflict", the "priority of identity" and "dignity" have the capability for the explanation of Iran's foreign policy during the Safavits era?

Empowerment is one of the major strategies of today's organizations. This study was conducted at the passport office of Imam Khomeini International Airport to explain the methods of empowerment of passport staff in detecting and identifying fake travel documents and tried to determine the effect of three methods of empowerment including training, technical equipment, and environmental conditions on staff empowerment. This applied and descriptive research is a survey collecting the necessary data through distributing a questionnaire among 125 officers, experts, users of border control department, and passport police at Imam Khomeini Airport. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20 software and descriptive and inferential statistics including T and Friedman tests. The results showed that the three empowerment methods have a direct significant and ascending relationship with the empowerment of passport staff including training (x=51.9), technical equipment (x= 51.8), and environmental conditions (x=18.5) method, respectively.

All the major theories of international relations under the paradigm of international security are based on certain anthropological¡ With a little reflection can be new division of international relations that security paradigm. Therefore¡ in addition to the paradigm of «man-centered» and the paradigm of «desire-driven» paradigm and the new paradigm called the «soul-centered» named. So with respect to the soul-centered paradigm¡ the main research question ahead is whether the concepts formed the basis of business other than «power» and «security» as a «self-seeking and status-seeking» (c) can explain foreign policy. A. Iran is in a holy war? In other words¡ the self-seeking decision-makers in government formation and / or continued conflict in the Islamic Republic of Iran sacred defense was effective? So this paper by applying «the theory of philosophical anthropology» and the analysis of «self-seeking and self-esteem in show business other than the assumption that power and security concepts such as» status-seeking and self-seeking « (c) can explain foreign policy. A. Iran''s holy war and the phrase »self-seeking and status-seeking «decision-makers in government formation and / or continued conflict in the Islamic Republic of Iran sacred defense has been effective. The results show that the behavior and actions of social existence in the Islamic Republic of Iran as a holy war to national self-esteem and dignity was business. You can also use the concept of» self-seeking and status-seeking «into three components'' self-imposed restrictions in the conflict» ¡ «priorities identity» and «seeking dignity» become holy war and conflicts in the Islamic Republic of Iran described and explained.

Achieving the holy goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran, particularly achieving the first rank in the field of science and technology, specified in the 20-year vision plan is subject to identification, nurture and guidance of talents, by relevant institutions including Basij organization. The main questions in the paper are: “What is the most appropriate model to identify and measure talents in Basij and what are its characteristics? What are the strategies to nurture and guide Basij talents?” The research is practical-developmental and its method is case study and survey. The designed model has seven major elements. They are as follows: divine destiny system, natural and intrinsic factors in talented people, the process of talent development, personal moderating factors of developing talents, environmental moderating factors (impersonal talent development), performance areas, developed talents of elite examples. Moreover, by enjoying the TOWS and QSPM matrices, the development of activities in variety of talents, in all groups and at all levels, improvement of activities’ quality modified with experience, resources and facilities of organizations and research centers, the employment of talents with entrepreneurial skills and business development strategies were chosen as the most significant strategies.