islamic consultative assembly

This paper examines the role of women in political participation before and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, with a special focus on their participation in the Twelfth Parliamentary Elections of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majles). The study analyzes the evolving dynamics of women’s political participation and representation within the framework of Iran’s shifting political landscape. By reviewing historical trends, legal frameworks, and social norms surrounding women›s participation in electoral processes, it sheds light on the changing status of women in Iranian politics. This research explores the challenges, opportunities, and implications of women’s political engagement in parliamentary elections and highlights the barriers to entry, gender dynamics, and policy consequences for enhancing women’s political empowerment in post-revolutionary Iran. The central research question is: What role have women played in political participation before and after the Islamic Revolution of Iran? The answer indicates that after the Revolution, with the establishment of the Islamic Republic based on Islamic principles, Iran’s political space underwent significant changes. These changes led to a considerable increase in women’s political involvement as both voters and candidates—especially in parliamentary and local council elections. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and data collection is based on library research. In the theoretical discussion, the concept of political participation is employed as a key analytical lens.

The efficiency of the system or as some experts call it "secondary legitimacy" is one of the components without which economic, cultural and political development is not possible, and addressing this issue is very important because the disturbance in the citizens' sense of the efficiency of the system, progress It directly disrupts the system. In this regard, in this research, an attempt has been made to test the effects of social media on the sense of efficiency of the Islamic Council through secular-rational values and liberation values.

The main objective of this research is to explain the mechanisms by which social media causes the formation of negative feelings about the functioning of the Islamic Council among citizens.

Question: 

The main and important question of this research is how social media, through the intensification of secular values and values of liberation, causes the formation of negative feelings about the performance of the Islamic Council among citizens.
Hypothesis: The important hypothesis of this research is that social media by intensifying secular values and values of liberation in society can cause the formation of negative feelings about the performance of the Islamic Council among citizens.

The method of data analysis was quantitative and structural equation modeling using Amos software.

In this context, first, the results of correlation matrix show that social media have a negative and significant relationship with the sense of efficiency of the Islamic Council and weaken this feeling among people. Second, the results of structural equation modeling show that social media has a significant and negative relationship with the sense of effectiveness of the Islamic Council through secular values and liberation, and has led to a decrease in the sense of effectiveness of the parliament by individuals. Is.

Parliament, as the most significant institution devised by modern humans to organize political life, holds a crucial status and is considered the most important institution in the formation of political systems. With the victory of the Islamic Revolution, the status of women in Iranian society began to rise, and in the first parliamentary elections, four women from Tehran entered the Assembly. One of the most significant events the First to Third Islamic Consultative Assemblies faced was the outbreak of the eight-year Iraq-Iran war. Therefore, examining the positions of female representatives during these three terms of the Assembly is the main goal of this article.The research method used in this article is content analysis, with a focus on thematic analysis. The study, based on the detailed debates of the First to Third terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, aims to answer the question: What positions did female representatives take regarding the imposed Iraq-Iran war in these periods?Based on the findings of the article, the positions of female representatives can be categorized into four main areas: political, economic, cultural, and military. In each of these areas, they highlighted specific issues and called for them to be addressed

Political marketing, as an interdisciplinary science, seeks new ways to understand and manage modern policies, emphasizing the analysis of voter behavior, political organizations, and governments to guide public opinion in influencing people's votes and maximizing political participation in political competitions, especially elections. This research employs a qualitative method based on grounded theory, conducting semi-structured in-depth interviews with 21 political elites and experts based in Tehran using snowball sampling until theoretical saturation is reached. The study initially seeks to answer the question of how individuals, parties, and political movements can maximize their vote share and consistently succeed in electoral competitions, emphasizing which components. The findings indicate that the research model comprises 14 dimensions, 31 components, and 81 effective indicators, structured within a paradigmatic model that includes two causal condition variables, three contextual condition variables, two core category variables, three strategic variables, two intervening variables, and two outcome variables.

The Islamic Consultative Assembly, as one of the important manifestations of citizen participation in determining their fate through legislation and oversight of its implementation, plays a crucial role. The legislative process, as the will of the citizens based on the Constitution, begins with the submission of government bills, representatives' proposals, and bills or proposals from the Supreme Council of Provinces to Parliament, encompassing stages of drafting, approval, and interpretation, culminating in execution.
Despite over a century of legislative history and the issuance of the general policies of the legislative system in 2019, Iran's legal system still suffers from a lack of a comprehensive program in the field of legislation and is caught up in day-to-day issues. Organizing the legislative system for greater efficiency, effectiveness, and better implementation of laws requires creating interaction between the Parliament and the government (as a political agent or representative) based on a genuine needs assessment of the people in the legislative domain, defining and prioritizing these needs by establishing a cross-institutional commission titled "Commission for Needs Assessment and Prioritization in Legislation." An examination of the statistics of proposals and bills from eleven terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly indicates that the country's legislative system has shifted from bill-based legislation to project-based legislation. This analytical-descriptive research, utilizing library methods and interviews with experts, critiques the current project-based legislative approach and addresses two main issues: First, based on comparative studies, bill-based legislation should be considered the foundational principle in Iran's legislative process to ensure that laws are more aligned with the real needs of society. Second, at the beginning of the Assembly's term, conducting training courses on the philosophy of law drafting and legislation for representatives will enhance the quality of laws and lead to better legislation.

In Iran, the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Parliament) is a crucial decision-making body, regarded as a legacy of the Constitutional Revolution. Given the significant role of Parliament in the country, exploring its stance on the imposed Iraq-Iran War is a subject worthy of scholarly attention. Additionally, examining the Parliament's position on the imposed war can enhance our understanding of this event.This study employs thematic analysis based on document studies and aims to answer the question: What was the military stance of the second term representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly towards the imposed Iraq-Iran War? The findings show that, with the onset of the imposed Iraq-Iran War, the representatives' stance focused on strengthening the country's military forces by providing military equipment and facilities, paying attention to infrastructure, managing military operations correctly, implementing the conscription law, and emphasizing the role of the Basij in the war.

The issue of political participation is one of the determining factors in political development and, consequently, the economic and social development of societies. The more tangible and concrete the influence of citizens on the legislative and executive processes of a country is, based on their satisfaction, the higher their political participation will be. This article addresses the issue of political participation of citizens in Ahvaz during the eleventh term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections from this perspective. The main question of this study is: What are the causes and factors influencing the decline in political participation of citizens in Ahvaz during the eleventh term elections? The failure to meet people's expectations in legislative, economic, and livelihood areas, as well as the inefficiency and disillusionment with the performance of representatives, are identified as the most significant factors contributing to the decline in political participation in this city. The target population of this research includes experts, specialists, political activists, and citizens of Ahvaz. The research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods, with a questionnaire as the research tool. The qualitative section is based on the theory of political satisfaction, and the quantitative part is random. A total of 386 citizens of Ahvaz were selected using Cochran's formula, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The aim of this research is to analyze the military approach of the representatives of the first period of the Islamic Consultative Assembly towards the imposed war of Iraq against Iran, which was carried out using the method of content analysis based on documentary studies. The research, based on the detailed discussions of the first period of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, seeks to answer the question of what were the cultural positions of the representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly towards the imposed war of Iraq against Iran? The findings of the article show that with the start of the imposed war of Iraq against Iran, the representatives spoke in order to strengthen the country's military forces, pay attention to infrastructure, correct war management and self-sufficiency in the military dimension of the war.

Participation in elections is the most effective tool for citizens to express their opinions in political and social affairs and influence the political destiny of their country. The main factors influencing the electoral behavior of individuals and participating groups are numerous and have variable results, including economic variables. The subject of this article is the reasons for the decrease in citizens' participation in the elections of the 11th session of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. To better explain the issue, Anthony Downs’s rational choice theory has been used. According to this theory, citizens vote with a rational choice and for their economic interests. The statistical population of this research was the citizens of Ahvaz and it was realized through the qualitative (targeted) and quantitative (random) research method and the questionnaire research tool. In this statistical sample, 385 people were selected by Cochran's formula, and then the obtained data were analyzed with SPSS software. According to the results of the research, along with other factors, economic causes such as livelihood problems, poverty, class gap, inflation and protests in January 2016 and November 2018 have played a significant role in reducing the participation of Ahvaz citizens.

The laws of the Islamic Consultative Assembly regarding sports in the country's political environment are a matter that plays a role alongside today's coherent and structured executive institutions. The purpose of this research is a qualitative analyze of the sports related laws for the time span of 1978 to 2021. This was done by analyzing the concepts and terms in the text of the laws in order to infer and reveal their hidden patterns and themes. For this purpose, coding, diagram drawing and extraction of categories were done with MAXQDA 2020 software. The statistical population of the research, was the laws and legal rulings of the parliament during the time window, and the sample was considered equal to the population, that was 76 laws and 383 legal rulings. The results of the research showed 10 main categories including organization, public sports, training sports, championship sports, professional sports, legal development of sports affairs, development of sports culture, development of facilities and infrastructure, transfer of ownership and support of sports. These categories makes the structure of the Iran's sports development model that is drawn from the perspective of the laws of the parliament. It indicates that sports has a foot step in various dimensions of governance; in other words, legislation is suitable for realizing the exalted position of sports in terms of content. Legislations toward exaltation of sport  is partially neglected due to the inconsistency and insular attitude of the governing bodies, including regulatory and executive bodies which is caused by the conflict of interests of their internal stakeholders in the field of sports.

Social Cleavage is the criterion and indicator of dividing society members and its subgroups into different groups in different time and space intervals, which is formed in different ways based on social faults and affected by political developments in the election campaign. Various and numerous social divides are revealed in national and micro-scale geographical spaces such as Nourabad Fars, whose election contests are under the shadow of Illyrian and tribal contexts, between political actors and specifically election candidates. The political developments prevailing in each period (national and local level) and the presence of election candidates in various political spectrums have fueled the social divisions in this constituency and have led to the question, what are the types of social divisions in the election campaign? This question is based on the three identifiers of "typology", "essence" and "formulation" in such a way that the social Cleavages have been discovered, examined and explained on this basis. The current research has a qualitative/analytical nature and the data has been collected in the form of library/documents and based on quantitative statistics. Based on the findings, these results are obtained that the number of social Cleavages governing the different periods of parliamentary elections in Nourabad, Fars, is between a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 10 cleavage affected by election candidates in It has been fluctuating in such a way that with various types and different/diverse natures, the field of dense and intersecting social formations in the election campaigns.

Policy capacity refers to the ability to develop “policy options” to achieve public goals. The policy has a close interaction with the legislation. On one hand, policies are converted to the law in bills and plans format, and on the other, some laws have policy aspects themselves. Therefore, if the capacity of policymaking is strengthened in parliament, then the legislation will be strengthened. There are evidence and issues such as hyperlexis, a long line of bills and plans in committees, and the required research policy to create dynamic and constitutional rules and laws, increasing the requirement to study policymaking capacity promoting in Parliament. The aim of this research is to develop a model through the identification of constituent elements of policymaking capacity and their relationships. This study was conducted utilizing a qualitative approach and case study strategy in which Parliament, as a case study, is explored deeply and qualitatively. Statements of the Supreme Leader, interviews with members of Parliament, the legislative and policy experts, expert reports, and plans and bills were used as data collection tools because the study is based on multi-method or pluralism. The data analysis method was based on thematic analysis and eventually, the final model was developed with the CIPP, context, input, process, and product, and framework. Capacity-building infrastructures, policy capacity enrichment, and improved policy capacity, in addition to the environment governing the policy capacity, are among the model elements, whose attention and operationalizing lead to the issue of constitutional laws and the strengthening of the special functions of the Islamic Consultative Assembly.

According to Article (52) of the Constitution, the competence of "budget preparation" has been assigned to the government on the one hand and the competence of "processing and approval" has been assigned to the Islamic Consultative Assembly on the other hand, so that in the shadow of the silence of the ordinary legislator, disagreement regarding the limits of the competence of the parliament in considering and approving the budget bill be raised. Leading research, employing library studies, and adopting an analytical-descriptive approach, has come out to answer the question, what are the rules governing the parliament's consideration of the budget bill? Based on the criteria derived from the various principles of the constitution and the opinions of the Guardian Council in the position of reconciling the resolutions of the parliament with the constitution, it was determined that the competence of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in "addressing the formalities of the budget bill" is limited to "verifying the correctness of the arrangement of the formal structure of the bill" with the purpose of monitoring the formation of the budget bill from "items and notes", "tables" and "appendices" and in the position of "addressing the generalities of the budget bill" is in addition limited to "rejecting the generalities of the budget bill and requiring the government to amend it". Furthermore, "no change in the subject of the budget bill", "no fundamental change in the components of the budget bill", "no disruption in the performance of the duties of basic institutions", "no disruption in holding events arising from the constitution" and "timely submission of the budget approval to the Guardian Council" "are among the requirements governing the stage of dealing with the details of the budget bill.

Voting and participation in elections is the most common type of political participation in which citizens exercise their thoughts and ideas in the management of public and social affairs. The purpose of this study is to study the sociological factors affecting the participation of the people of Boyer-Ahmad and Dena counties in the elections of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Therefore, the effect of independent variables such as the role of religious affiliation, social capital, tribal affiliation, media and social networks and parties and associations on the level of public participation was examined.Methodologically,a survey method was used and a questionnaire was used to collect information. Because the mentioned variables did not have a normal distribution, Spearman rank correlation test was used to measure between the variables. According to the software output, Spss had the greatest impact on the role of religious affiliation at 0.90, social capital 0.81, ethnic and sectarian affiliation 0.76, media and social networks 0.63, parties and associations 0.17, respectively. is related.

The instability of voting behavior due to influencing the election process and results for political parties and groups and in the form of political participation in the country's macro-politics is an important issue that is influenced by various elements; Due to the position of culture in directing the behavior of cultural drivers, the instability of voter behavior needs to be studied. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of phenomenological analysis of cultural drivers of instability of voting behavior in the elections of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. The research method is descriptive phenomenology; the data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in a research sample of 20 candidates for parliamentary and election campaigns, which was done by collage method. The validity of the research data was confirmed through external auditors, return to interviewees, and in-depth description. The results showed that factors such as inciting ethnic emotions, Conformity, cognitive inequality and youth culture play a significant role in the instability of voting behavior in the Islamic Consultative Assembly elections.

The subject of this research is to examine the approach and position of the Islamic Consultative Assembly to reduce corruption in the field of non-criminal laws. Therefore, the research question is what is the approach of the parliament to non-criminal laws in the field of anti-corruption. The hypothesis of the research is that the hypothesis of this research is that despite the minimal care of the legislature on these two issues and its sub-indicators such as transparency of the budget system, review of property and assets of officials and legal protection of corruption disclosure, sufficient attention and There is no merit for the institution in these areas. The results of the research show that although the Islamic Consultative Assembly in recent decades has paid more attention to issues such as transparency and the right of public access to information and conflict of interest, in practice what has been achieved is far from the standard and desirable conditions. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical qualitative and the data is collected in a library method by taking notes.

The purpose of the present study is to comparatively analyze the political tendencies of the representatives of the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Iranian Parliament) with regard to the institutional approach in the 6th and 7th terms. The main question is: what are the commonalities and differences between the political tendencies of the Iranian parliament representatives in the 6th and 7th terms in the framework of political development? The research relies on the hypothesis that the variables of the principlist discourse are based on political development following the progressive principle of Wilāyat-e Faqih and Iranian Constitution, the comprehensiveness of religion in the realm of politics and anti-hegemony, persistence on the basic principles, purposes, and goals of the Islamic Revolution, and continual realization of the ideas and ideals of Imām Khomeyni. The results showed that despite the difference between the representatives’ approach and function with respect to politics, within legislation and supervision duties, their political tendencies in the 6th and 7th terms of the Islamic Consultative Assembly have been towards performance in political development and so it has prepared the ground for familiarity with Iran’s political elites.

In democratic political systems, political participation is one of the most important political issues. People's participation in the process of governing society, especially participation in elections in developing countries, is much more sensitive because consolidating the foundations of democracy is not possible without political participation. The subject of this article is the study of the effect of social factors on the participation of Tehran citizens in the 11th parliamentary elections, which has been studied based on the theories of Putnam, Coleman and Bourdieu and using the survey method; The research hypothesis is that: Social indicators such as: social capital, education, social class, residence, occupation, ethnicity and public trust have a significant effect on electoral behaviors. However, due to the inconsistency of the performance of some former elected officials with their election slogans, the issue of trust has been of particular importance during this period. To test this hypothesis, 430 researcher-made questionnaires were distributed among residents of different areas of Tehran. According to the research findings, social factors have had a significant impact on political participation and voter behavior in the 11th parliamentary elections, and among social factors, social trust has had the most impact. A complete change in voter behavior led to a sharp decline in the number of elected representatives of the ruling faction in the government and the 10th parliament.

This study aims to make a comparative analysis of the orientation of the positions and institutional approach of the representatives of the sixth and seventh rounds of parliament towards political development and obstruction. The purpose of this study is to study the relationship between political and social tendencies of MPs in Iran with a case study of the sixth and seventh periods. Therefore, the article tries to analyze the political and social tendencies of the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly with an analytical and comparative approach by collecting information in a library and documentary manner and using descriptive statistics as well as answer this question that what were the political and social tendencies of the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly during the sixth and seventh terms? While the main hypothesis is based on research findings, which is based on analytical and descriptive research methods. The results of this study can provide a basis for familiarity with Iran's political elite

Examining election-related expenses is always related to the lives and choices of citizens. The various dimensions of elections, including propaganda, voting, propaganda, and participation in election arenas, always encourage people to participate in political affairs. Therefore, examining the various dimensions of parliamentary elections, including the costs associated with participating in and participating in elections, can be significant. With regard to this issue, in this study, the hidden structure of the parliamentary election pattern was examined and the three components of participation in elections, posting candidates 'posters, spending for a candidate's success) were examined to determine the relationship between these factors and citizens' participation in elections. Be. This research is based on a survey approach to explain the sociology of election campaign expenses of the 11th term of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the Iranian electoral system. The statistical population is also citizens living in Tehran, of which 500 people were selected as the study population. The method used in this article is confirmatory factor analysis, which is a way to measure and measure the hidden variables of the parliamentary election pattern.