jurisprudence

Modern Islamic civilization-building is a concept in contemporary times aimed at revitalizing Islamic civilization based on Islamic teachings. The Islamic Revolution of Iran can be seen as a practical step towards achieving this goal. One of the founders and intellectual pillars of this revolution is Ayatollah Beheshti. However, his ideas regarding modern Islamic civilization-building have yet to be thoroughly examined and analyzed. This study seeks to answer the question of how he, as a prominent political and religious figure, viewed modern Islamic civilization and what elements and characteristics his thoughts contained in relation to civilization-building.The research findings indicate that although Martyr Beheshti did not explicitly state opinions about civilization, there are meaningful connections between his thoughts and actions and the components of civilization-building, based on his surviving scholarly works and revolutionary activities. In the theoretical dimension, based on his philosophical studies, he advocated for a philosophical explanation of monotheistic politics and focused on the political thought of governance in Islam and its examples from the political aspect of modern Islamic civilization-building.In the jurisprudential dimension, Martyr Beheshti’s primary efforts were focused on the jurisprudential explanation of the principle of the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist (Wilayat al-Faqih) as the ultimate theory of Shiite governance in the era of occultation. Practically, Martyr Beheshti was a pioneer of Islamic civilization-building from a political perspective during his lifetime, establishing civil institutions within the Islamic system and implementing Islamic political jurisprudence in society.

The Islamic Republic system, considering its nature and requirements, has always faced opponents inside and outside the country, and the way to deal with them should be determined. On the other hand, due to the emphasis of this system on the Islamic religion, which attaches special importance to the security of the society, and this can be understood from many political and social rulings, this method should be removed from it and due to titles such as Baghi Mohareb and Mufasad. It was extracted from the earth. From the point of view of Islam, the rebels are a group that has risen against the government and its pillar, Imam Adel; Militants are also those who deprive the people of security and create terror with armed action, and the corrupters of the earth are also those who attempt to create widespread corruption. According to the different types of opponents of the Islamic Republic of Iran, some of them can be classified under none of the mentioned titles, some under one or two titles, and some under all three titles. In this research, the question has been answered that the internal opponents of the system, according to the mentioned titles and religious teachings, how are they categorized and what is the way of dealing with them? In response to this question, descriptive analytical and proof method, from revelation data, rational data and field observations have been used.

Explanation Jihad is one of the very important agendas to deal with any deviation and distortion in the discourse and values of the Islamic Revolution, which the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution has emphasized many times and at various times. This research was done with the aim of analyzing Jihad of explanation and its jurisprudential and legal foundations, and this can be achieved by the method of describing and analyzing the analytical propositions of Jihad of explanation and jurisprudential and legal foundations by collecting library data. Due to the fact that no integrated research has been done in this regard, the question of explanation jihad and its jurisprudential and legal foundations is an issue that needs to be searched until a desired result is reached. Through the study, we came to the conclusion that Jihad of explanation is a cultural Jihad, that is, issues that need to be explained should be introduced to the people and society, and rules based on jurisprudence and law, including guidance of the ignorant, national unity, and observance of morals, etc. be executed

Undoubtedly, jurisprudence is one of the main cultural and intellectual foundations of Islamic Iran, which has been present and effective in this civilization since the beginning of time. But this constant element is not constant and has experienced its own changes with the change of periods and the necessity of conditions. In this regard, although Shia jurisprudence was developed from fixed foundations and principles, it has undergone significant changes since its emergence until today, especially after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. In order to understand some of these developments, this research focuses its main question on what major changes have occurred in Shia political jurisprudence from the Safavid era to today. The hypothesis of the research is that since political jurisprudence is the reflection of jurisprudence on the political matter, it has always been in relations with power. Therefore, the form and pattern of the relationship with power can be a suitable criterion for examining its major developments. The findings of the research have shown that the Shia political jurisprudence in the previous Safavid period had withdrawn from interfering in the government; During the Safavid and Qajar eras, the jurists brought Shiite political jurisprudence out of isolation by legitimizing the government and holding some government institutions. During the Qajar and Pahlavi eras, by creating political movements and participating in official institutions, they demanded a greater role in political decision-making; And then, in the process of the formation of the Islamic Revolution, and later in the period of its establishment and stabilization, they engaged in politics. The approach of descriptive-historical research, and the method of data collection was library and documentary.

Security plays an incomparable role in the survival and continuity of political systems, and for this reason, crimes against security are of considerable interest to governments And for this type of crime, the punishment is more severe than normal crimes. Governments criminalize titles as crimes against security based on intellectual foundations and under the influence of Mukhtar's discourse and security approach. In this category of crimes, in addition to taking into account more severe punishment, it also deviates from the principle of territoriality. normal crimes, the preliminaries of the crime in this category of crimes are considered the crime itself, and the scope of reluctance to reduce criminal responsibilities is defined quite narrowly. The purpose of the current research is to examine the historical conditions of Iran based on the approaches and security discourses of the world in order to count the lineages and generations involved in crimes against security in Iran. The method of this research is descriptive and analytical with a genealogical approach and has benefited from library studies. The findings show that crimes against security in Iran have witnessed changes and developments under the influence of security approaches and discourses in the world As a result, 5 generations and main streams can be counted. , the lineage of Shia Islamic jurisprudence with a systematic jurisprudence approach is based on monotheistic security discourse and an expanded security approach It was explained as the classiest and most efficient class as appropriate to contemporary security information issues and threats.

 In today's vast world, many traditional concepts have undergone changes with the advent of the Internet, and economics has been and will be one of the most important aspects of this change. Business based on the Internet network, which is a branch of electronic business and includes exchange processes in all fields, which are carried out from zero to one hundred on the web platform, is the most important axis of these changes and developments. Is. Cryptocurrencies are one of the tools that are increasingly used in this type of business, and various researches have been conducted on them. In fact, due to the multifaceted nature of this technology, the aforementioned researches also include different fields such as computer science, economics, jurisprudence, management, and marketing. The current research tries to provide an optimal understanding of this technology by presenting the main definitions of cryptocurrencies and its financial regulations in other countries in order to facilitate legislation. In other words, the main issue is how to fill the legal vacuum in the field of cryptocurrency technology through legislation in this field, to respond to the problems and challenges that have arisen, and in addition, the possibilities and achievements. and recognize the economic and financial benefits of cryptocurrency and e-commerce, and in this way help the economic progress of the country.

 Azari et al. (1401) in an article entitled "Emerging Financial Phenomena (Bitcoin) from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an and Imami jurisprudence", have addressed the issue that money, which is a measure of the size of property and a means of transactions, and one It is one of the phenomena that has been used in economic life for a long time, despite its simple appearance, it is constantly evolving; Including since 2009, when a new form of money called cryptographic money or Bitcoin was born and it is transferred only through virtual space. Rahimi and Emininia (1400) in an article entitled "Cryptocurrency, Challenges and Crimes Around It", have emphasized that the formation of electronic money or digital currency causes challenges and New issues have become for the economic system of countries and especially central banks. One of the characteristics of cryptocurrencies is the secrecy of the identity of the exchangers, which has led to the formation of crimes and problems. Based on this, the authors have tried to investigate issues such as creating a platform for tax evasion as well as environmental destruction due to excessive energy consumption of processing equipment of this type of currencies. Bolotovav et al. (2019) in a research entitled "Legal Nature of Cryptocurrencies", have considered the issue of how digital currency quickly became popular around the world and formed a new field of public relations that is badly needed. It is regulated and controlled by the government. One of the main problems in this field is defining the legal nature of cryptocurrencies; That is, the answer to the question, what is cryptocurrency as a subject of legal regulations? According to the authors, the answer to this question is not easy; Because cryptocurrency in its subject and function is not only similar to money, but also similar to goods and non-documentary securities. Prazulfo Kolesnikova (2018) in an article entitled "Aspects of Legal Regulation of Cryptocurrencies", have tried to examine the issues of legal and regulatory governance of the new type of electronic money and cryptocurrency. According to the hypothesis of this research, there is no fixed state for understanding the forms and methods of regulations and legislation of cryptocurrencies in different parts of the world. The authors have paid attention to the existing formulas about cryptocurrencies based on the necessity of scientific understanding in order to identify them and have emphasized the main legal prerequisites, especially regarding the regulation of payment systems.

This article presents data and analyzes them by collecting library resources in a descriptive and analytical way.

 Characteristics of cryptocurrencies  One of the famous definitions of cryptocurrency is provided by two computer science professors in the Cornell University publication, based on this definition, cryptocurrency is a quasi-money tool and data product. There are two main reasons for this naming. First, the pricing rules are non-mandatory; (this is not true for all cryptocurrencies and they use it mostly in cases where the government or a certain institution does not have a decisive role in the creation of the cryptocurrency) which causes The price of cryptocurrency will be determined based on public demand, unlike common currencies such as the euro and the dollar; On the other hand, being virtual and relying on computer data will create significant security and prevent unauthorized access by people other than the tool key holder. Jurisprudential review of cryptocurrencies  In Islamic jurisprudence, what can be used in financial actions and events is not outside of five forms: object, benefit, usufruct, right, religion or responsibility. Ain is the same external independent object and it is placed in front of the other four types with its types. The benefit is called the right to use interest of the object and it is caused by the origin of the object. Usufruct, like benefit, is a kind of permission to use, with the difference that it does not lead to ownership and is used only to the extent of permission and permission. Some scholars do not believe in such a division between profit and benefit and consider both of them to be the same. In our opinion, currency cannot be called benefit or profit; Because what is used is the object itself. That is, in case of use, the self of the object is depreciated and there is no matter outside of it that its survival implies the use of its benefit. Now the question is, can cryptocurrency be considered a kind of right? In this regard, it should be said that cryptocurrency, like paper money, needs to be checked whether its owner has a document that proves his religious right or not, and cryptocurrency itself has an exchange value. To answer this question, it should be said that rights are either objective (subsequent) or religious. Rights have a non-physical nature and are actually based on something outside. For example, the right of ownership, which is derived from the relationship between the owner and the owner, which is the main objective right, or the right of mortgage to the mortgaged property in case of non-repayment of the debt, which is called secondary religious right. With these explanations, it can be said that cryptocurrency is not a right in itself, but it can be the subject of some of the rights proposed in jurisprudence and law. In the case of religion or dhimma, the situation is the same, that is, as it was said, religion is caused by a legal event or action and does not itself have an external nature. But cryptocurrency has a foreign independent nature and can be obtained independently through mining.

One of the controversial topics in Iran's economy after the Islamic revolution is the relationship and interaction of the government with the market and its role in economic settings, which is due to the legal support and legal prerequisites for the feasibility and facilitation of affairs. has the mentioned At the same time, by providing correct and accurate definitions of cryptocurrency technology and identifying them as a type of financial capital like stocks, efficient laws can be formulated, especially in the field of taxation. This prevents the abuse of cryptocurrencies by speculators and profiteers, and by legalizing and limiting it, puts the technology of cryptocurrencies in an economic and financial form. In addition, with the clarification of the relevant laws, the public will be allowed to use the benefits of these virtual currencies. Finally, it should be said that in the shadow of such laws, the preference for the native counterpart of this technology is also increased and the monitoring of cryptocurrencies is facilitated in order to prevent crimes such as money laundering, which are harmful to the country's economy.

Populism is an ideology or a political strategy in which the opinion of the general public is preferred over all mechanisms of the society, which is fundamentally different from the concept of democracy and populism advocated by Islam. The spread of populist policies in a wrong way in many societies has caused people to easily forgo their long-term interests for short-term gains, and if their demands are not met, mistrust of the government and the system itself is created. Descriptive-analytical method has been employed in this research. The main questions of this article are: What are the approaches of political jurisprudential theories to populism? Can the rulers and statesmen of a religious government turn to populist policies from the viewpoint of political jurisprudence? The findings of the research show that populism, whose main characteristics are relying on the ignorance of the masses of society, gaining support by resorting to general and vague promises, taking actions independent of institutions and parties, and demagoguery, is strictly prohibited by Islamic political jurisprudence. In addition to being prohibited in terms of duty, the people who follow these policies are also responsible for their acts and must compensate for the damages.

The purpose of article to study the status of protection of the rights of combatants in jurisprudence and humanitarian rights by library method. The culture of systematizing the realization of the rights of warriors and keeping their memory and name alive is an important part of the cultural values of different societies. Therefore, efforts should be made to make these rights and values current in the heart of the society. During every war, policies are adopted to minimize the undesirable and unwanted effects of war, and these cases are foreseen in every war. The findings indicate that different divisions can be considered for the set of combatant rights; Among the most important factors, we can mention the rights during war and after the end of the warThe right to enjoy the status of prisoners of war" The care and access of combatants to medical services is of the rights of this class, which should be considered during and after the war. Other rights of fighters that were investigated in this research are economic rights and social rights. These issues are emphasized in humanitarian law Islam, as part of the example of share in Allah's beard (zakat), it given to them.

From the beginning of Islam until now, the foreign relations of the Islamic state have been the focus of religious leaders and Islamic jurists, and the inference of rulings on the foreign relations of Muslims with non-Muslims has been mentioned in their jurisprudence discussions. In the current era, with the victory of the revolution and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on Shia jurisprudence, one of the challenges facing this government has always been and is the way and scope of establishing foreign relations with other governments in the new world order. Especially in cases where communication with some hostile governments is necessary. Now, the question of the current research is that based on the jurisprudential conclusions of contemporary jurists, especially the late Imam (RA), what is the position of the principle of expediency in establishing military relations with infidels (military and non-military) and enemies of religion? The hypothesis of the research is that based on the dynamic jurisprudence of the Imam (RA) and some other contemporary jurists, new inferences and new interpretations of jurisprudential sources can be presented that facilitate the decision-making and decision-making of the Islamic government in establishing relations with governments, even hostile governments. Shows Based on this, the present study analyzed the Shia jurisprudential sources and the opinions of contemporary jurists, especially the jurisprudential opinions of Hazrat Imam Khomeini (RA) using a descriptive-analytical research method. The result is that according to the jurisprudence opinions of Hazrat Imam (RA) in the definition of absolute jurisprudence and the principle of expediency, basically the rulings of foreign relations (including military relations with the enemy) are in the scope of government decisions and do not have a definite and fixed ruling, and considering the expediency of the country and People, you can even give a preliminary order to establish some special relations, such as military relations with hostile states.

One of the important issues in the proof of the lawsuit is the connection between them. Examining the similarities and differences and the quality of knowledge acquisition in each of them requires that, first, their meaning (scholarship and witness testimony) is explained, then the quality of knowledge acquisition in them should be discussed according to the conditions of each. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to point out the similarities and differences, after explaining how knowledge is obtained, because despite the similarities and differences, the relationship between expertise and eyewitness testimony is better defined, and the value of each, despite the type of knowledge in them, in cases Differently, their position is determined differently, and it can give the belief to any researcher in this field that the difference in attributes and symptoms prevents the possibility of comparison in the concept. The difference in the attributes and symptoms prevents the possibility of comparing the two concepts, explaining that despite the common essence, it cannot be said that the rulings of each of the two concepts are applicable in the other, so the knowledge of each of the experts and the testimony of the witnesses prevents us from examining It is not necessary to be precise about the presence of science in each of them. In expressing the similarities and differences, the best result that will follow is that it is not possible to put each argument in place of another just because of the similarity.

By examining the ontological views of Imam Khomeini, this research shows that the selected theories in the field of ontology have certain theoretical implications in political science. Based on Islamic ontology and referring to the words of the Imam Khomeini, after proving the existence of God Almighty and monotheism in the necessity of existence, the absolute creation of God is proven. Monotheism in creation also requires monotheism in God's true ownership of all existence, monotheism in creative lordship over all creations, and monotheism in legislative lordship over sovereign creatures. In this way, the levels of monotheism lead to the monopoly of the right of sovereignty in God Almighty, and this absolute belief in God appears in the field of social relations between humans in the jurisprudential principle of "no human authority over another human being". Thus, in the Imam's political thought, which is based on absolute monotheism, no one has the right to rule over another, unless God has given him such a right.

Among the political crises that exist in the Islamic world, the lack of democracy and the desire for authoritarianism are at the top of them. Apart from the causes and sociological factors that they mention about it, it seems that the lack of analysis of its essence in the shadow of religious thought has become an additional cause. Democracy belongs to the West and its acceptance in the Islamic world requires its reconstruction on the basis of text. It is important that the structure should be removed from authoritarianism and the role of the people in political life should be increased, but what was neglected is dealing with the essence of democracy, i.e. political competition, without which democracy basically becomes meaningless. What gives democracy an identity and separates it from the structure of authoritarianism is political competition and not political participation; In an authoritarian system, participation may increase and the government with a high vote will remain in power, but it will still remain authoritarian. Since the 1920s, which is called the spring of welcoming democracy in the Islamic world, there have been many reflections on the various aspects of democracy from an Islamic perspective, but less attention has been paid to its essence, which is political competition. What is the position of religious thought regarding this concept? And which of the chapters of jurisprudence is able to regulate it within a political system? ( Issue ) . From the point of view of this article, the chapter on lessons learned can clarify the path of such a competition and explain its Islamic rules. (hypothesis). The methodology of this article is the common method of new jurisprudential subjects, which is based on the ijtihad of the seminary. (Methodology) This review shows that jurisprudence accepts political competition and assigns rules to it that can justify such competition. (findings)

The pursuit of establishing a new Islamic civilization and countering prevailing deviant discourses requires a nuanced understanding of power, firmly rooted in religious principles and aligned with authentic human experiences. This necessitates the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework. This research leverages the jurisprudential teachings of Imam Khomeini (may his soul be sanctified) and his interpretation of the hadith "The Three Knowledges" to explore the meaningful relationships among the three levels of humanity, the three domains of jurisprudence, and the three principal areas of vital sciences. The interconnections among these elements and their multifaceted impacts form the foundation of this study and contribute to the construction of a "jurisprudential theoretical framework." By integrating power within this framework, the concept of "jurisprudential power" is introduced, providing the basis for the "formulation of jurisprudential power." This article elaborates on the definitions of the various fields of jurisprudence, examines their thematic elements, and delineates their respective missions and functions in both individual and societal contexts. Additionally, it analyzes the six-dimensional effects of these fields of jurisprudence, addressing both their reinforcing and diminishing influences. The findings yield a novel conceptualization of the semantic system, hierarchies, missions, objectives, examples, and effects of power, collectively referred to as the "theoretical framework of jurisprudence," with the aim of promoting humanization and civilization. The study employs a descriptive-analytical methodology supported by comprehensive library research.

One of the distinctive features of contemporary political jurisprudence is the detection of new concepts in the jurisprudence heritage and their re-evaluation according to current requirements. Allegiance is one of the basic concepts and the most important element in the contemporary Sunni political jurisprudence system, which according to them, has a special place due to its harmony with modern ideas, as well as evidence in Islamic texts, as well as public and elite acceptance. . By explaining the concept of allegiance to the democratic ruler, they referred it to the contract between the ruler and the people and presented two interpretations of representation and representation of the Ummah. The current research, using the method of content analysis with the approach of developmental research, while ignoring the historical background of the fulfillment of allegiance, aims to answer the question of how the conceptual capacity and potential of allegiance in enduring the democratic tendency can be evaluated and explained. ? The finding of the research is that in terms of analyzing the degree of resilience of this concept in relation to the democratic trend, some challenges and bottlenecks such as the validity of the pledge of allegiance, the incompatibility of this analysis with the Quranic application and also the ambiguity among the people of marriage and marriage, the number And there are conditions that come close to the attitude of elitism and elite domination.

One of the most important tasks of any political system is to draw efficient strategies for drawing the geometry of interactions inside the country and facing political units in the field of international relations. For such a confrontation, the strategy of the second step of the Islamic revolution, based on the statement of the supreme leader of the revolution, is known as resistance. Examining the jurisprudential foundations of resistance in the Islamic Republic can determine the way of interaction with countries, institutions and international organizations. Therefore, the main problem of the research is, what is the position of the foundations of resistance desired by Ayatollah Khamenei in the system of Shia jurisprudence and which of the jurisprudential chapters can it be explained? The most important achievement of the present research is the explanation of the jurisprudential foundations of resistance as a determining component in the political and economic equations of the Islamic society and overcoming the challenges caused by the power seeking of the global domination system. The present research pursues this hypothesis that the concept of resistance intended by Ayatollah Khamenei can be explained with different chapters of jurisprudence such as defensive jihad, taqiyyah, amrba-maaruf, and the like. This research, with a descriptive and analytical method, during discussions and topics such as confronting tyranny inside the country and negation of domination, independence, achieving modern Islamic civilization in the field of international relations, deals with the jurisprudential explanation of the foundations of resistance in order to be able to provide a reasonable and comprehensive explanation of it. Muslims and intellectuals of the Islamic world.

Divorce in Iran after the revolution and especially in the last decade has grown increasingly. This is rooted in various factors such as economic issues, age difference, class differences, difference in education level, addiction, infidelity, etc., one of which is Nashuz. The subject of this article is to examine the causes of the growth of divorce in Iran after the revolution and to apply jurisprudential-legal approaches to it, emphasizing on this category. The main question of the research: what are the characteristics of jurisprudential and legal approaches to the issue of Nashuz? The hypothesis that is raised following this question: the approach of jurists is based on prohibition or prohibition, and the legal approach is based on the guarantee of civil and criminal enforcement. The results of the research show that some jurists consider the negation of guilt in divorce as a sign of its permissibility. On the other hand, the legal attitude, by distancing itself from the absolute male right to divorce, considers possibilities for judicial divorce of the wife; that the possibility of not having sexual intercourse with a couple is considered in two types of verbs and abstinence. Therefore, if a man exposes his wife to continuous violence and creates unbearable conditions for her due to sexual deviations and misbehavior, the wife can, citing paragraph 4 of the note of article 1130 of the civil law, ask the court apply for divorce and if there is no result of forcing the couple to divorce, have the right to judicial divorce. The research method in this article is to collect the available sources and refer to the relevant statistics in a library manner and analyze the obtained data.

The purpose of the current research is political sanctions and its impact on contracts based on jurisprudence and legal solutions, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. In the current conditions of contracts and obligations, they are heavily influenced by the political conditions of the country and the increasing price. And the lack of stability in the market has led to a severe loss to the obligee, who must compensate for it. It may cause unbearable difficulties for the obligee and lead him to the abyss of economic collapse. Now the question is whether the commitment of these people is still binding according to the sanctions or it can be changed according to the changes in the situation. However, due to unforeseen events, it is possible to revise the provisions of the contract and provide a clear and explicit solution in these cases based on jurisprudence.

Throughout history, the Islamic world has witnessed various approaches to women's issues. Although the religion of Islam presented a new and progressive attitude towards women and their rights, during the period of the Islamic caliphate and the spread of Sunni jurisprudence, Muslim women in Islamic societies deviated from the original teachings of Islam. Most of these views were formed under the influence of the cultural atmosphere of Islamic societies in the era after the Prophet and during the middle centuries. However, the attitude of Sunni scholars and elders, along with their interpretation of religious sources, confirmed that practice. In the last hundred years, there has been an evolution of socio-political jurisprudence in women's issues by religious scholars, according to the neo-Salafi attitudes in Islamic matters. The turning point in the new approaches of Sunni scholars in the field of women is the opinion of Yusuf Qaradawi, who explains contemporary issues in the Islamic world from a new perspective by emphasizing al-Maqasidi jurisprudence. In this article, we will examine Qaradawi's contributions to women's social and political engagement, specifically exploring his views on hijab, social involvement(education and employment), and political participation. We will compare his jurisprudential perspectives with those of Salaf scholars. The main question is how the jurisprudence of Al-Maqasid has influenced the approach of Sunni religious scholars to women's issues. Through analytical-descriptive methods and the utilization of library resources, we demonstrate that Qaradawi employed a strategy  to emancipatewomen from entrenched traditions and integrate them into the socio-political sphere. This approach considers both the objectives of Sharia and the safeguarding of public interests.

Criminal policy is a set of responses of the community body, both criminal and non-criminal, to the criminal phenomenon. Delmas Marty believes that we should choose a concept of criminal policy in which most of the answers have a non-criminal approach, but in contrast to the German Feuerbach, he often has a criminal approach to the community's answers, from which Iran's criminal policy also derives. Defendants' disgrace is one of the derogatory and criminal reactions, mainly by the police. Of course, a few of them arbitrarily and not all of them; which cause the infamy of this great institution; It takes place as an arm of power and Implementation of criminal justice. In the meantime, according to the religious teachings and customs prevailing in Iranian societies and culture, we find that this type of treatment is not commensurate with human dignity and status and also from the perspective of law Criminal, criminological theories and international documents can be criticized. Therefore, the analysis of Iran's criminal policy in relation to this approach is of particular importance to show the inaccuracy of this action. In fact, the main question of this research can be expressed as follows; What are the criticisms and flaws of Iran's criminal policy regarding the disgrace of criminals and defendants, and basically, is this way of dealing with defendants acceptable from the perspective of jurisprudence, Iranian criminal law, and international documents? In this research, it has been answered by searching and studying library resources and studying jurisprudential works and criminological theories.