political party

The Islamic Revolution in Iran, unlike the general trend of Western modernity, did not succeed by advocating the separation of religion and politics. Rather, it triumphed under the banner of their collaboration. Consequently, one of the major issues in post-revolutionary Iran has been the capacity of Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) to govern public affairs. In this context, the present study investigates the relationship between Islamic jurisprudence and the concept of political parties in contemporary Iran. The hypothesis of the research suggests that political fiqh, through its ongoing engagement with the modern state, has developed broad capacities to absorb and manage modern institutions such as political parties. The findings reveal that not only is there no essential contradiction between Islamic jurisprudence and political partisanship, but also that juristic sources contain conceptual models that can legitimize and guide political party activity. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and data collection is based on library and documentary sources.

Political parties are a new issue born in the new era of the West. There are different views on the relationship between this phenomenon and the political thought of Islam, from agreement to opposition. The present article is intended to present the issue of partisanship to Nahj al-Balagheh. For this purpose, at first, the research problem is carefully analyzed and a definition of the party is presented. In the next step, based on a brief understanding of the party on the one hand and the political thought in Nahj al-Balagheh on the other hand, an effort is made to extract the propositions and in other words the texts in Nahj al-Balagheh that can be related to the party and finally by combining and analyzing In these propositions, the author's understanding of the position of parties in the Imamat-Ummat system is presented based on Nahj al-Balagha. The summary shows that from the point of view of Nahj al-Balagheh, the party as a whole is accepted and the benefits obtained from the party can be put in the service of the Islamic system with care and culture.

The aim of the present study is to identify and categorize the obstacles of party development in The Post- Revolutionary Iran. The current study has utilized the Qualitative Meta-Analysis method. The sample include articles and dissertations that have been published in databases of NOORMAGZ, SID, MAGIRAN and IRANDOC from 1989 to 2018. During the review process, 118 studies were identified and finally, 30 of them were included to the secondary evaluation. The findings indicated that the 130 obstacles of party development have been identified and categorized follow six approaches: Institutional, Legal, Political culture, Sociological, and Modernization obstacles that based on the frequency, Political culture obstacle has been a frequency of 46 cases, 35.38%.  From the perspective of party development studies in the period 1989-2018, the obstacle of political culture with three dimensions, the political culture of leaders, political elites and the masses has had the greatest impact on the process of party development in The Post- Revolutionary Iran. Hence, it is suggested to reform of political culture with the aim of creating a positive mental orientation toward the party phenomenon and activity at three levels: the political culture of leaders, political elites and political activists and the mass.

The purpose of this article is to analyse institutionalization obstacles of political parties in quasi-democratic systems. These systems have a combination of democratic appearance and authoritarianism contents, and lack institutionalized competition between political parties. What is most evident in such systems is the formation of groups centering on prominent individuals and, in effect, changing to mere means to expand their influence. In this study, such parties are recognized as‘entrepreneur parties.’ The hypothesis is the short-comingsconcerned withpolitical culture, laws, regulations, and criteria of judgement, and the performance of political competition, leading to the formation of theentrepreneur party, an organization that does not benefit from the institutional tradition and continue to exist only under prominent figures. In this study, the descriptive-analytical method is based on library data.The aim of this paper is to introducethe comprehensive set of institutional arrangements in quasi-democratic systems that affect the nature of political parties’ organizations and to provide a better understanding of the party-centered relations in quasi-democratic systems.

Hizb ut-Tahrir as a transnational Islamic movement, aims to unify Muslims worldwide under a single Caliphate and they consider Muslim Countries as the priority. Since the majority of the population of the five Central Asian Republics, including Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan, are Muslim states, HT is playing an important and active role in the region. The study focuses on the approaches of those five Central Asian republics to Hizb ut-Tahrir. The article shows what policies have used to control this social movement among people in those countries. The question of this research is what are the approaches of Central Asian Republics to Hizb ut-Tahrir in their policies? Hizb ut-tahrir plays a significant role in expanding the extremism inside the republics and whole region. The main purpose is to identify the policies of the five countries in the region. The article tries to fill this scientific gap by considering the lack of previous research on the subject and the importance of the issue. The research is a comparative study with the descriptive-analytical approach and the method of data collection is library and Internet resources.Key words: Central Asia, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Extremism, Political party, Islamic party, social movement

Political parties are among the most important political institutions in each democratic country. Many of researchers believe that democracy can exist without strong and efficient political parties. Unfortunately, in Iran political parties are very weak. Weakness of political parties in Iran can has different reasons. But on factor that is very important, but often ignored, is electoral system. In this article we try to explain the impact of parliamentary electoral system on the political parties and party system in Iran.

In this study, the existence and activities of political parties as a precondition for the establishment and activities of the parliamentary system in Iran has been examined. We have tried to explain the non-compliance between the statue and the role of political parties in Parliamentary systems in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In a parliamentary system, partisanship, resulting from the principle of diversity and conflict of ideas, is thought to have reached its highest order, so that the party apparatus and the government are fully integrated.In a parliamentary system, the formation, continuation, and survival of the government, and  also the political balance in the community, are possible through the competition between political parties. Therefore, currently, the lack of strong and disciplined political parties in the Islamic Republic of Iran is considered as one of the significant limitations of converting our legal and political structure into a parliamentary system.

This paper is about to discover the roots of formation of one of the political and social phenomena called political party in a particular period of Iranian contemporary history. In the light of this kind of study we can go beyond the superficial and general analyses which are the characteristic of traditional and under developed societies unfortunately these analyses are used to justify all the phenomena and it’s clear that they often have too simple and misleading results. Studying the way of forming a particular political party leads to a better understanding of it. The main question of this study is the way of forming Kargozarane Sazandegi party and the role of the modernization of Hashemi government to explain this matter among common theories, the modernization theory is used as the theoretical basis and the method is also the analysis of the secondary data. The results of this research indicate that there is a relation between the modernization of Hashemi government and the formation of Kargozaran party. The modernization of Hashemi government created considerable changes in the criteria in Iran which led to the renewed of a new orange class and the formation of Kargozaran party and its continuing victories in different elections. This modernization also provided field of the emergence of Kargozaran party as the main defendant of political and economical reforms, social liberties and cultural tolerance in the political environment of Iran.

To days, the moste of thinkers and authorities beleive that establishing the parties in real sence is necessary to replace active, organized and regular participation by mass participation and they consider it as completed stage form Islamic republic stage that such matter is essential to guarantee continuity and balance of Islamic system. Now that country exposes to place at the process of ups and downs of revolution and its crisis, the demand of political participation increases too, it;s evident that basic index of political development is based on political partipation. This kind of participation has efficient tools and structured organizations, so the most significant factor to create active and real participation is party and organized challenges, but not each organization or party, rather structured organizations during the time and efficient contents. By glancing over our political system of country, it,s clearly evident that the parties weren,t established in a real sense, rather political groups called the party hare temporary activities in days of election and after that , there isn,t precise and defined relationship between members of the party and the party itself. There fore, if destructive obstacles and damages are resolved and the real parties are formed, then it will significantly affect on decrease of elections errors.

One of the major concepts in political science discipline ispolitical party. The rise of political party in modern countries causes a pervasive & contestable controversy among western scholars. Political and social developments in recent two centuries forged the new concept to party, which unlike the previous traditional concepts such as wing, congregation, sect, and followers based on the principle of collective participation and competitiveness. Presence of political parties as democratic transformation products in the social realm, providing the means necessary for competing ideological backgrounds come in different groups in the political framework is institutionalized. Political Party functions are threefold: first, to define identity by bringing out of the political participation in rational and institutional manner; second, to emphasize, among others, basic ideals of modern norms of freedom, tolerance, law and responsibility; and third, to orient the context of social behavior in such a way as to bring out is dynamic character in the context of the political world. During past decades, scholars have studied political parties from different perspectives including: voting behavior, theories of competition, the structure of party coalitions, policy analysis, formation of centrolization process in party organizatons, the role of parties in the process of democratization. But the study of political party from the identity perspective has been neglected. This article examines the positive relationship between political party and national identity and studies the identity - based cleavages which lead to formation of political parties. In order to understand the supposed relation, the paper first conceptualize the political party and identity, then discusses the identity foundations of political parties and their role in emerging of different structures of political parties, and finally studies the various functions of political parties and obstacles facing the formation and identity functions of political parties in cortemporary Iran.