political rationality

"Tolerance" is a well-known and common term in the political, social, cultural and religious discourses of today's society. The correct explanation of the relationship between this term and concepts such as zeal in Islam is considered an important and necessary issue; To the extent that this issue is also questioned in the discussions of the Islamic Revolution and its relationship with "revolutionary zeal" is also questioned. From this approach, the following article tries to answer how "tolerance" is compatible or incompatible with "revolutionary zeal". The findings of this research, based on the theory of "political rationality" and with a comparative method, show that there is a conflict between Western tolerance and revolutionary zeal, as well as what is known as tolerance (dreaming and tolerance towards others) with certain limits and loopholes. In the religion of Islam, it is completely different from tolerance and it is even associated with revolutionary zeal; In such a way that establishing tolerance depends on religious and revolutionary zeal.

Today, due to the increasing acceleration in the development of communication technologies and its impact on all aspects of life and the formation of new conditions in the political and social scene all over the world, political marketing has taken on new dimensions and has become much more complicated than before. Due to the extent of these changes, it is necessary to use new generations of political marketing. In the current research, a qualitative study has been conducted in order to present a political marketing model for the country's elections. In this research, the foundation method of Strauss and Corbin's model was used and it was progressed to the satisfaction of the interviewees. A total of 26 in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted. From the text of the interviews, 2027 open codes and 21 categories were identified. Atlas TI software version 8 was used for coding, and the identification components and conceptual model of the research were drawn. The central phenomenon of the research is "political rationality mediated by reality." "Objectives" and Strategies include: (differentiation and anti-discrimination, sharing awareness and definition of soft norm) and consequences (including: civil awareness, citizenship rights, political and human development, pluralism in power and strengthening democracy).

The topic of rationality and political rationality is one of the most ancient concepts in the history of human life, which is considered one of the basic concepts in a civilization with a political system. One of the most important sources for explaining this issue in the Islamic Republic of Iran is referring to the thoughts of Imam Khomein(RA). In this article, an attempt has been made to answer this question: What are the basic foundations of the concept of political rationality in Imam's computing system? This article claims that what stands out more than any other issue in the view of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran is the intersection of political rationality with revolutionaryism, which can be talked about under the concept of revolutionary rationality. In this article, by using Imam’s interpretations and using the Theme Analysis method, keywords related to revolutionary rationality were first extracted and then, from their comparison and analysis, the corresponding concepts and general themes were expressed. From the general comparison of the two concepts of revolutionary rationality (political rationality and revolutionaryism), it can be said that in the view of the Imam(RA), these two have a common denominator, which is the element of public and true benefits of the people, which is independent of false needs that generally caused by fleeting emotions and emotions. Imam Khomeini(RA) believes that the public and real benefits of the people, which sometimes require the protection of procedures and sometimes need to be transformed, should be based on a transcendental point of view. Because from his point of view, it is only the transcendental point of view that can distinguish the true and non-false benefits of mankind. Imam(RA) believes that the result of this view is efficiency and the harm of avoiding it will be destruction.

In this article, using Foucault's political rationality approach and examining the works related to Foucault's political rationality and examining some cases of religious reform, as well as comparing the elements of classical political philosophy and modern political philosophy to identify the three political rationalities "Emirate", "Old Shepherd". The "new shepherd" and their characteristics have been identified, separated and classified, so the necessary criteria for identifying the political rationality of Ayatollah Motahhari and Akhundzadeh have been obtained. In this study, the researcher seeks to answer some basic principles and important questions: "1. What was the political rationality of Ayatollah Motahhari? 2. What was the political rationality of Akhundzadeh? 3- What similarities and differences can be Recognize the political rationality between the two? The results show that Ayatollah Motahari sought a compromise between religion and politics and believed that the two were inseparable, but Akhundzadeh, influenced by humanism, religious reform in Western Christianity and modern Western philosophy. , Believed that religion is the ancestor of politics and according to political thought in the West, believes that religion should not interfere in government.One of the most important concepts that can explain the different intellectual angles of Ayatollah Motahhari and Akhundzadeh is Foucault's political rationality The answer to these three questions seems to have a significant impact on our historical consciousness.

The answer to the question "What was the political thought of Mullah Mohammad Kazem Khorasani in the field of legitimacy of the government in the era of absence, and what did this idea have to do with his constitutionalism?" We express "fixed political thought", and the result of another perspective "political model". "Fixed political thought" is a set of abstract, general and permanent propositions in the field of politics that do not originally refer to the political environment; In contrast, the "political model" is a part of political thought that is originally presented in response to the political environment according to fixed political principles and thought. Therefore, in the present article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical method with the aim of analyzing the political rationality of the Khorasani clergy regarding governance, it was found that among the research and analytical sources on the political thought of the clergy, there are two important groups. The basis of the legitimacy of the government is the will of the people. By relying on some documents, reports and analyzes of the political positions of the mullahs during the constitutional movement, they have tried to make their thinking in a way compatible with Western democratic ideas, and in contrast. Put other Shiite jurists with political thought. On the contrary of this approach, there is a different and, of course, correct view and interpretation that the mullahs, like other jurists, have expressed in favor of the monopoly of the legitimacy of ruling over the jurists in the age of occultation.

Modern Islamic civilization is considered as one of the emerging issues in the Islamic atmosphere of the Islamic Revolution. Meanwhile, the study of the foundations of this civilization, as well as the process and elements involved in its formation, is the subject of this study as a key issue. Since every civilization has a clear rationality, the subsidiary issue of the study is to study this rationality from the political angle which has been pursued by combining two methods of ijtihad and grounded theory. In this research, modern Islamic civilization is a process, purposefully useing the civilization capital and relying on the capacities of the Islamic Revolution, in order to visualize Islamic teachings. Therefore, the political geography of Iran plays as centre and the Islamic world as a field in this civilization. On the other hand, political rationality based on the doctrine of Imamate, apart from its legitimacy-giving state, is the basis of the modern Islamic civilization by providing a privileged political order.

The relation between political rationality and such phenomena as uprisings, public resistance, and revolutions is among the lasting questions in political thought and philosophy, particularly during the current period. Undoubtedly the political act based on rationality – as one of the necessities of the society – has been and still is a focus of attention by the political thinkers in the past and at present. However, during the recent centuries, the outbreak of revolutions and public uprisings in various countries have created a new meaning of revolution that associates a sort of extremism and radicalism, things that go counter to rationality. Today, it is supposed that political rationality cannot be juxtaposed with revolution and revolutionary act.
However, it seems that being and acting as revolutionary can per se have a completely rational explanation. This paper is an attempt to study the applicability of the theory of political rationality to Imam Khomeini’s governmental thought and practice during the three stages of establishment, stabilization and deep consolidation of the Islamic Revolution. To that end, the paper is an attempt to find an appropriate response to this question: What are the essential components of political rationality in Imam Khomeini’s thoughts and act? The paper tries to gather data from library sources and documents and analyze them based on a descriptive-analytical method.

Rationality as action noun is a cultural product that can appear in several forms. In Islamic society, it is essential that the Holy Quran to be recognized as the main source in extract the frameworks of rationality. The purpose of this article is interrogation of Quran in order to outlining the principles and framework of political rationality. Therefore, proposed method in “Thematic research methodology in the Holy Quran” has been used. The results show an organic link between political rationality derived from the Quran and Anthropological and Ontological basics that expressed in the Holy Qur'an. Politics with its specific rationality is one of the potential levels of human life and has a higher rank than Economic life and Rationality. Political rationality and political life have collective essence and need to recognize the metaphysical aspects of the human and the macrocosm. Political rationality is a value, non-autonomous and revealed rationality

This article aims to study the rationality of Iranian public policies. Despite achievements in some fields, other aspects of society have been faced with crisis due to such policy making. It means that citizens are faced with policies that are in contrast with those of promised ones in the legislative stage. Considering the difficulties of policies in practical stage, the main question outlined here is as follows; how can we overcome the inefficiencies of the practical application of public policy? Based upon the researchers` points of views, taking some measures such as rationality in legislation stage can minimize the inefficiencies of policy-making in operational stage. A case study was performed to investigate the Subsidy Reform Act using Snellen’s Theory of Four Rationalities (Economic, Political, Legal, and Professional Rationalities) as the theoretical construct in order to consider the importance of the subject in legislation stage and rational measures. Data were collected using field interviews. Qualitative methods were employed to analyze the data. Findings indicate the lack of policy makers` attention to the executive measures during legislation stage.

In Imam Khomeini's thoughts and attitudes thatget startedfrommonotheistic religion of Islam, believers are a singleummah and,too, they need to a singlereligious, political and practicalorientation, based on the requirements and with regard to their common destiny within the credit geographical and national boundaries for the realization of the their sovereignty. They can achieve the caliphate of God on earth with this orientation and with Etesami to Hablallah. Therefore, in this article, we examine what arepolitical and rationalfoundations in the views of Imam Khomeini about national unity. The analytical study of the ideas of Imam Khomeini (RA), show to our until find that the issue of national unity as well as other forms of unity and solidarity based on political exigencies and environmental requirements is a necessity: the necessity thatit is based on both of rational arguments and evidence and religious arguments.As a result, Imam Khomeini hastwodimensional look - intellectual and revelation - to the cause of unity.But what are discussed in this paperare the reasons and political arguments of national unity and solidarity in the thought of the founder ofIslamic Republic of Iran.Imam Khomeini emphasized on: rational evident of unity, the demand of political reason, the common enemy, the development of cultural, political and social principles of maintenance of the Islamic Revolution and its values and Finally, national unity is the plan as a strategy to achieve freedom, liberation and victory.