psychological operation

Today, the media is considered as one of the main elements of soft power, and governments seek to influence the attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of the people of the countries by using psychological operation techniques. One of these examples is the events that took place in Iran following the riots of September and October 1401. Based on this, this article has been carried out with the aim of identifying the psychological operations techniques of the BBC Persian television channel against the Islamic Republic of Iran in the riots of September and October 1401.. From the total of relevant contents between 16 September and 10 October 2022 in news sections, 60-minute analytical news program, program in other words, page 2 program, Purple Crystal program and special program of Pargar BBC Persian Channel with targeted sampling. It was selected and analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The results of the research show that the mentioned media used a total of 9 techniques of psychological operations, including conditioning, creating division and differences, indirect induction, buck passing, enlightening, inciting, inverting, dehumanizing the opponent, and narcotisation.

The purpose of this paper is to identify and anticipate American PSYOP methods and how to deal with it in a future war with an emphasis on deceptive action. In this research, the method is finding experts and using descriptive-analytical method. The tools and methods for collecting information for compiling the subject and theoretical issues of the research is library-based and information required are collected by taking notes. 200 personnel of Aja commanders and security officials, as well as security experts at the universities of the intelligence Society, have formed a statistical community of research.

In This study، the economic aspects of psychological operations'' axis، based on words of the supreme leader of Islamic republic of Iran Ayatollah seyyed Ali Khamenei are detected. For that aim authors had used his speeches and messages in different places. The main axes of abroad psychological operations are divided into two categories: internal and external axis. The internal axis includes (economic corruption، faulty decision making and performance management) and external axis includes (lies، rumors and sanction). These factors have a negative influence on economic outcomes (inflation and instability of the product، impairment in safety of the community mental spirit، creating differences in society، inspiration that system administrators are incapable of managing economics'' affaires). The purpose of enemies psychological operations is to induce or reinforce behavior favorable to U. S. objectives. They are an important part of the range of diplomatic، informational، military، and economic activities available to the U. S. They can be utilized during both peacetime and conflict. There are three main types: strategic، operational، and tactical. In this paper definitions of internal and external axis of psychological operation are presented by review the literature review and library studies and then by using field studies and surveys of businessman in Hamadan (major grocer distributors and gold sellers)، we detected impacts of psychological operation axis on Iran''s economy. The results show that the internal and external axis of psychological operations against have impacts on economical negative consequences، also internal axis of psychological operations are more effective than external axis. For this research binomial test as one of nonparametric statistical tests. In order to deal with abroad psychological operations، it is necessary to be more aware about this axis and also in system of Islamic Republic deal with any excuse in this case from abroad that they want to create a negative economic environment is important.

In current century Psychological Operation is considered to be one of the most attractive methods to pressure other players in order to obtain desired goals. Any action in this regard needs to comprehensive attention toward the meaningful relationship between psychological operation and its styles which makes possible the management of this operation and increases its effectiveness. The literature review of psychological operation shows that most of the researches have been concentrated on its styles and tools and there have been less attention to its development procedures and activities. This article tries to understand the quality and formation procedure of the west`s media psychological operation (focusing on medias like Radio Farda and VOA) against Islamic Republic of IRAN. Therefore, the main question of this article is that: What is the modern model of American psychological operation against I.R.IRAN? In order to answer this question, authors have studied the history of psychological operation and represented a new model of psychological operation and analysed the American operational methods against Iran such as lying, preconditioning, deceptive overall weaving, reversed naming, extreme generalization, tagging, mocking and finally demoralization and induction of hopelessness. The results of this research shows that in the modern model of American psychological operation, the deceptive exaggeration of I.R.IRAN`s security targets and capabilities is the foundation of American behavioral model.

The outbreak of color revolutions in post-communism, Latin-American, Middle East were cause scholars to survey different dimension and traits of this new revolutions from diverse dimensions. In this way, offering a comprehensive and theoretic framework from mixing of the available theories and objective elements of these revolutions and analyzing victor and defeated color revolutions are the main purposes of this article. Moreover essence and nature of color revolutions as a political and may be social phenomenon will necessitate scaling this concept from the other political and social phenomenon such as social movements and rebellions, revolution, reform, etc.

Psychological warfare consists of a set of operations which are used in classical wars but in present situation it includes more extensive objectives like weakening the morale of soldiers in war fronts, weakening and misleading the people of countries involved in the war, propaganda force for keeping superiority in war front, spreading rumours for creating fear.

Nowadays, Psychological Operations (Psyop), relying on modern communications tools, have turned into one of the elements of power and influence. And as the Islamic Republic of Iran has defined itself in contrast with the western values, thus adopting an Islamic and revolutionarybased policoes, it has been targeted by the enemies psychological operations.. Psyop can affect political, economic, security and cultural realms of the Islam republic putting Iran's secure community face to face with serious challenges and threats. Thus, for materialization of the aims of Iran vision plan in 1404, that illustrates Iran as a developed country with the first place in economy, science and technology in the region, in Addition to comprehensive efforts, recognition and confrontation with the complicated dimensions of the Psyop, is a must. The long term and strategic goal of enemies is to disrupt the materialization of the vision plan aims, as the failure of those aims will be a heavy blow to the strategic approaches of the Islam Republic. Therefore, to achieve desirable results in the fields of attacks and counter attacks, recognizing the Psyop and outlining a management pattern is a must that the Islamic Republic should approach

The events and political developments in the years after the collapse of the bipolar system show that a wider range of countries have been subjected to political subversion. In this process, patterns of America’s security action have been changed. Security considers as a structural necessity. Therefore,theme of political subversion in countries like Syria must be considered as a part of America’s security interests in the Arab Middle East geopolitical zone which it also has a special important for security of Europe and Israel. The events of spring and summer 2011 in the Arab Middle East show that America has used model of the confiscation of social evolutions. According to this approach, the pattern of America behavior in Egypt and Tunisia has been based on crisis control and thus change of rulers took place rather than structural change. American agents’ Approach also has been based on Model of preserving Agent- Structure in Saudi Arabia and Bahrain. However, America, France, Germany and Britain security attitude is different in Syria, as though they intend to politically overthrow the Baath artystructure and Syria political radical system. To achieve this end, they use Tactics of deauthorization, delegitimization, identity-building and identity construction, mobilization of social groups and creating a sense of relative deprivation. Each of the tactics mentioned above can be seen as a part of America security policy in order to political subversion in Syria. This approach is analyzed in light of Michael Doyle’s neo-liberal approach and political thought of Immanuel Kant’s democratic government.

The Soft Power element has been recently embedded in political literature and power approaches; by passage of the time its new aspects are being explored. The apt apprehension of this phenomenon is through comparative perspective on hard power. Although hard power had been widely changed throughout the history, its all kinds have been evaluated uniformly. Conversely, soft power is a sort of complex and synthetic phenomenon. Against the statistic nature of hard power, soft power has multidimensional and gelatin nature. Applying hard power and several functional failures caused to appear new means which have minor costs and casualties and additionally can convince public idea. Hence west power started to focus and use soft power in recent decades. Therfore serious studies on soft power seem essential. This paper is aimed at describing the power’s nature, feature and theoretical examination as well as its means in three aspects: media, computers and psychological operation.