social participation

Today, tourism can be considered a tool for increasing national income for developing countries. It is worth noting that tourism can also be one of the effective factors in achieving sustainable development. One of the most important fundamental pillars of sustainable development is the proper execution of work and the cooperation and participation of the host community. Experience has shown that without the collaboration, support, and participation of the local community, it is impossible to establish a sustainable tourism industry. Among the factors that play a significant role in achieving sustainable development is the level of social capital present among people, which is now utilized alongside human, financial, and economic capital. Social capital refers to the ties and connections among members of a network as a valuable resource that creates norms and mutual trust, leading to the realization of members' goals. Social life revolves around participation with one another, and the importance of participation in social relations and connections is such that it can be considered an essential element of social life, fostering cooperation and interaction in various dimensions. This article views tourism as a service-oriented and human-centered industry, where the constructive role of people in its expansion and development is deemed significant. The results and findings of the research indicate that the perspective on people in the tourism industry should shift from a consumer-oriented view to a producer and supplier perspective. Furthermore, people should engage in decision-making and policy-making processes in the development of the tourism industry so that they feel obligated to participate in implementation and tackle potential problems and obstacles. Therefore, considering the various elements and factors influencing the development of the tourism industry, proposed solutions have been offered to enhance social and public participation as a central axis and indicator of development.

Basij Mustafafin, which is one of the influential architectures of Imam Khomeini (RA), plays a role as a Jihadist institution in all fields, which is effective in the defense of the sacred, the defense of the shrine, and various programs of the Islamic Revolution, and is a model It is suitable for the countries of the Islamic Resistance Front. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of Basij social participation in the formation of modern Islamic civilization with a mixed method. First, based on the views of the Supreme Leader, Basij civilization was carried out in the form of content analysis and with a qualitative method, and then, with a quantitative method, Basij's social participation was studied with indicators of social self-confidence, social capital, economic capital, and history of membership in Basij. In the qualitative method, the sample was obtained with theoretical saturation. The statistical population of the research was all the members of the Khalkhal Corps, which was determined as the sample size of 367 people using Cochran's formula. The sampling method of the research is a cluster type and the tool of data collection is a researcher's questionnaire, the validity of which has been obtained with the opinion of sociologists and methodologists, and its reliability for the research variables is 811. /. up to 930/. In the qualitative part, 23 basic themes in 6 organizing themes were related to the central theme of the role of civilizing Basij, which is the expectations of Basij from the Supreme Commander. The obtained results showed little for social participation, the average social participation of Khalkhal Basijians was average. The analysis of the hypotheses of the research states that the feeling of social self-confidence, social capital, economic capital and history of membership in Basij have a significant role on the social participation of Basij members in the development and creation of a forward-looking atmosphere and civilization. The fit indices of the structural equation model showed that there is a high agreement between the experimental data and the conceptual model of the research. The comparison of expectation and situation shows that Basabj has played the role of civilization in an average size with the index of participation with the indicators of self-confidence, social capital, etc., its membership should strive more to fulfill the ideal role.

Participation is a communal, conscious and voluntary act which is formed by citizen’s interference in different levels,from public events to putting the vote into the ballot box to reach social needs and political decisions.Participation is the most rational act of human beings in a society which can lay the ground for political participation;thus,a study of its relationship with progress and political progress is mandatory.The aim of this research is to investigate the influence of political,cultural and social participation of people on political development in Markazi province in the period 1385-1395.The present study is a survey research.The methodology of the research follows cluster sampling.Accordingly,from a total statistical society of 448226,383 adults above 18 years of age from different cities of Markazi province have been chosen by Cochran formula as the sample size.The result of investigation and evaluation of the hypotheses of the current research with the help of valid documents shows that whenever people have experienced living in better conditions of security,trust,and social capital,they have had serious and active participation in all social grounds,as a result of which a growth in the civil society and development in politics has been observed.

Participatory governance provides the basis for people's decision-making, implementation and supervision by them in social and political relations, and after that, this model can lead to the growth and development of members of society, strengthening social capital, increasing justice and social cohesion. Through investigations, we can extract a lot of evidence about the importance and dimensions of participatory governance in religious teachings and traditions. One of the successful samples of participatory governance in the present era is the phenomenon of Arba'een Pilgrimage, which has attracted the attention of many politicians and researchers. Identifying the dimensions and effects of this rare phenomenon can clarify the way to achieve participatory governance in the social, cultural, political and economic fields. Therefore, important interviews have been conducted with Shia thinkers regarding the dimensions and effects of the Arba'een Pilgrimage. These interviews have been analyzed with the qualitative method of thematic analysis, and the indications identified in them have been categorized under the three-pronged model. This model provides indications of participation in the Arba'een Pilgrimage based on context, structure and content. By identifying the different dimensions of this great social participation and examining its implications, this phenomenon can be used as a successful operational model to realize participatory governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

One of the most important solutions to solve the problem of high electricity consumption in the country is to pay special attention to social capital in order to expand participation, cohesion and social trust in the management of electricity consumption. The purpose of this research is to investigate the simultaneous effect of social capital, including the variables of participation, cohesion, and trust, and demographic variables on electricity consumption in the household sector of Tehran, using the Pierre Bourdieu theoretical model survey method, which uses a systematic cluster sampling system. . The main question of this research is what effect does the level of culture and social capital have on the optimal consumption of electricity in Tehran?The hypothesis of this research is that: the level of culture and lived experience of people has an effect on their lifestyle, and the higher the culture, the closer the lifestyle is to rationality, and it leads to the optimization of electricity consumption. According to the results, social capital has a significant effect on electricity consumption management. The results showed that the social capital in people's communication, followed by cohesion, participation and trust in electricity consumption, is one of the necessities that can reduce electricity consumption. The results show that the variables of social trust, cohesion and social participation and the level of education of people play an important role in the behavior pattern of electricity consumption, but the demographic variables of gender and age do not have an effect on the behavior pattern of electricity consumption.

National identity is the result of social interactions between individuals and is influenced by several factors. One of the influential factors in the formation of national identity of individuals is social capital. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social capital and national identity of women aged 18 to 50 living in Shahrekord City. The research method of survey and data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population is all women aged 18 to 50 years old living in Shahrekord in year 2021, which according to the general census of population and housing 2016, their number is 6004 people. Sample size in the statistical population of Shahrekord using the equivalent Cochran's formula 364 people were obtained, for a more accurate study, the number of samples was set at 500 people. The theoretical framework of the research is a combination of the theories of Durkheim, Putnam, Bourdieu, Coleman and Halpern in the three dimensions of trust, participation and social interactions. Based on the findings, there was a significant relationship between social capital and national identity. Also, the results of multivariate regression analysis showed that the components of social capital (social trust, participation, social interactions) explained a total of 59% of the changes in the dependent variable (national identity).

Political development is the expansion of participation and competition of social groups in political life. Political development is the process during which three events occur. Political development is a concern of many developing societies in the world today. Many analysts consider the role of political development in the continuation of inclusive development in the economic and social fields to be very important. The goal of political development is to expand the participation and competition of social groups in political life. The most important components of political development include: organization of groups and social forces, their freedom of participation and political competition, existence of institutionalized conflict resolution mechanisms within the political structure, non-violence of political life to strengthen political stability, legitimacy of institutional and legal frameworks For political competition and compromise and beyond. In the present article, using descriptive-analytical method and document collection method, this central issue has been discussed and why and how administrative discipline plays a role in political development? In a conclusion, it can be said that the variable of administrative and organizational discipline is one of the factors affecting economic development and also the basis of political development of the country.

Governance is intertwined with the concept of resilience, and policy studies in many countries have moved in this direction. This article extracts a model for measuring national resilience in Iran. The statistical population is all citizens over 18 years of age living in Tehran and Documentary and survey methods and closed interview techniques have been used to collect information. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS software. The exploratory factor analysis test identified the main factors of national resilience and the confirmatory factor analysis test was used to extract the model. With the obtained results, the model of measuring national resilience in Iran was obtained with 4 factors and 9 sub-factors, which include social resilience (desire for social participation, social hope), economic resilience (economic adequacy, perception of justice), political resilience (desire for Political participation is trust in the honesty and efficiency of the state, national loyalty) and psychological resilience (the prevalence of moral qualities, vivacity and cheerfulness).

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between cyberspace consumption and participation and social prosperity of adolescents in Tehran. For this purpose, based on the field approach and applied research approach, the purpose of the research has been investigated. Therefore, a questionnaire was distributed in clusters among 384 adolescents in Tehran. The validity of the research instrument was confirmed by the validity of the content and structure and the reliability of the instrument based on Cronbach's alpha. The collected data were examined based on the structural equation approach with Smart PLS software. The results of the research model showed that all indicators of model fit are in good condition. Examination of confirmatory factor analysis showed that all research items significantly explained their hidden variables. The study of path coefficients showed that cyberspace consumption has a negative and significant relationship with participation and social prosperity of adolescents in Tehran.

A woman's dowry is part of a woman's property. The Qur'an and the view of Islam, as well as hadiths, emphasize women's rights, which we have mentioned in this article. In this article, we have referred to the historical trend of women's rights to date, and all the various factors that have an impact on it have been examined from a social and economic point of view, before Islam, and also in the choice of a husband. It was not and the girl had to surrender without any reason. The chains on a woman's arm and wing were broken by Islam in the previous 14 centuries. In the last three centuries, however, the West has gradually come to realize the most basic rights of women. From the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries onwards, in the field of social issues, attention to human rights in the West took shape. One of its basic principles was that human beings, by nature and by the command of creation and nature, have a series of rights and freedoms that cannot be taken away from an individual or an ethnic group. A woman's dowry is considered a woman's property. In the holy book of Quran and seeing Islam, as well as hadiths, special emphasis is placed on women's rights, which is one of the reasons for the importance of this issue in our society, because the do's and don'ts of civil and legislative Our country is based on the principles of the Quran.

Celebrities unite a wide variety of visual phenomena; Interdisciplinary cultural, social, and digital science studies are therefore important. The socially organized appearance of celebrities must, in fact, be fully recognized. Therefore, the initial hypothesis of the article is that celebrities are the elites with the power and influence of society; they enjoy social and political activities, which are not legal; Therefore, they should not be active in their non-specialized fields.According to the goals of determining the characteristics of influential people for modeling, and showing the power and influence of celebrities and the operational application of the research result, the research method is "content analysis", because the interactions of mass communication require this special technique. The method of collecting data from selected Iranian celebrities on the Instagram social network, using participatory observation and includes reading virtual content. Also, a qualitative method was used to analyze the data and to explain the cause-and-effect relationship between the data, the effect of various factors on the behavior of celebrities was analyzed. Thus, what emerges as a result of the investigation is the unacceptability of celebrities in political and social activity.

Today, the reference group on student capital has been considered by many researchers. One of the components that has been affected by reference groups is social capital. This study was conducted with the aim of sociological study of the effect of reference groups on students' social capital. The research method is quantitative and survey and the statistical population is all high school students in gifted high schools in Tehran (7800 students) of which 366 people were selected using Cochran's formula and multi-stage cluster sampling method as a statistical sample. . Data collection tool also includes a researcher-made questionnaire and the data were analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistics. According to the findings, the amount of social capital of students is at a moderate level, and the most important reference groups for students have been groups of national artists and athletes, and classmates. Inferential findings also show that there is a significant relationship between reference groups and students' social capital and a total of 43% of the variance of social capital is predicted by reference groups.

By studying the participation of women in the history of societies, we find that women in most countries in different levels of participation، They did not have a major participation and their participation was usually at a low and middle level of political, social, cultural and economic activities, so it is necessary to examine the relationship between their presence and participation in different areas of society and its direct impact on political development. It is impossible for any society to achieve development without considering the conditions for women's participation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of women's participation and political development in Markazi province during the period of 2006-2017. The research was conducted by survey and the cluster sampling method from the statistical population of 448226 adult women For 18 years, the sample size has been determined based on Cochran's formula of 383 people. As a result of examining and testing the hypotheses of this research with the help of valid documents and the results of testing the hypotheses, there is a significant and direct relationship between the dependent variables of women's political, cultural, social participation and political development. Whenever women have awareness, security, trust, social capital, gender justice in the family and society, they have had a serious and active participation in all the mentioned fields, following the growth of civil society and overcoming obstacles. Political development has been observed according to the available documents, women's participation in Markazi province in the mentioned decade,

The rule of law is one of the topics that has attracted the most attention of politicians and other thinkers in the fields of management and politics. The purpose of this study is to analyze and explain the implementation of the rule of law in gaining public trust and social participation with a game theory approach (Case study: Ministry of Energy). For this purpose, the Delphi technique was first used with 15 academic experts and organizational managers. As a result,, 5 new components in the field of rule of law have been identified, such as observance of administrative jurisdiction, legitimacy for administrative decision, observance of administrative formalities, legal causes of administrative decision and administrative decision compliance with law. New components and factors were also identified for public trust and social participation; Then, a questionnaire containing the mentioned components was distributed among 384 people, including all managers, employees and subscribers of the West Mazandaran Power Distribution Company, which is one of the affiliated organizations of the Ministry of Energy. It should be noted that the validity and reliability of the present study have been proven through confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability using PLS software. Finally, using the game theory approach, the function of player utility (Ministry of Energy and Customers) was programmed in MATLAB space and then by calculating the mixed equilibrium, it was shown that the rule of law can increase public trust and social participation in Western Mazandaran Electricity Distribution Company to improve.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the position of the social approach to crime in the Iranian legal and judicial system. The main question of the research is how to explain the social approach to dealing with crime in the legal and judicial system? The main hypothesis of the article is that, in the Iranian legal system, the social approach to crime is in fact local development and based on participation. Based on this, it can be said that the social approach and its components play a very important role in the socialization of crime and can be used to prevent crime by using the social approach to crime by emphasizing social participation. The most important components of the social approach to dealing with crime are social participation, social cohesion and social relations, which should be considered in the policies of the judicial system. The method used in the present study is a descriptive-analytical method.

Population growth and the uncontrolled increase of migration to cities, especially large cities, have caused many problems and issues facing the city and urban management, especially in developing countries. Pakdasht city, due to its proximity to the city of Tehran and the formation of suburbs, has poor neighborhoods that have caused consequences and social, cultural, economic and political damage in this region. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between empowerment in marginalized areas and increasing social participation in Pakdasht. The research is descriptive in terms of analysis and survey method. The statistical population of the study was all residents of Pakdasht city (Ustad Shahriyar neighborhood) from which 379 people were selected as the sample size using Cochran's table. The instrument used in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire and all steps of data analysis and explanation were performed using SPSS statistical software. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between empowerment and social participation and have many positive effects on marginalized areas.

Infill architecture development with regard to development within the area and redevelopment of the area, tries to use its internal potentials (such as being historical) to use unused and worn out lands in the urban context, through the creation or reconstruction of spaces and improve the conditions of the urban fabric and also prevent urban creep. This issue is more important in a city like Qazvin because the population is always increasing and on the other hand, natural and artificial barriers have limited its expansion in different directions. Because the Infill architecture development takes place within the urban context and in direct connection with society, social participation, meaning the voluntary activities of individuals to enhance their social life, must be considered as a potential at all stages of development. The main purpose of this study is to express the relationship between the above two variables using the correlation research method. After library studies and field research, indicators, components, then, elements for both variables were explained and provide a conceptual model to justify their correlation and accordingly a questionnaire was developed. After distributing the questionnaire, using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, its reliability was determined. Then, using SPSS method, Pearson coefficient equal to 0.830 (which indicates a high and positive correlation of variables), and a significant coefficient equal to 0.000 (which indicates a significant relationship between the two variables), was calculated. The result of this research states that the concept of infill architecture development with the aim of meeting all the needs of users and considering the available facilities, creates trust and increases people's sense of satisfaction and as a result, it expands their sense of cooperation and use of their potential abilities and increases social participation at all stages.Extended Abstract

         Infill architecture development with regard to development within the area and redevelopment of the area, tries to use its internal potentials (such as being historical) to use unused and worn out lands in the urban context, through the creation or reconstruction of spaces with solutions such as; Create mixed uses and improve the conditions of the urban fabric, save infrastructure and also prevent urban creep. This issue is more important in a city like Qazvin because the population is always increasing and on the other hand, natural and artificial barriers have limited its expansion in different directions.Because the Infill architecture development takes place within the urban context and in direct connection with society, social participation, meaning the voluntary, conscious and creative presence and involvement of people in various activities that can be done in their local organizations, must be considered as a potential at all stages of development. It is noteworthy that during the revitalization of troubled urban contexts, historical contexts are emphasized as the manifestation of economic and social dimensions and the crystallization of urban culture and identity.The main purpose of this study is to express the relationship between the above two variables using the correlation research method. Research question is; How the concept of infill architecture development affects the increase of social participation and The research hypothesis states; It seems that the concept of infill architecture development by increasing the level of user satisfaction and improving the quality of the environment (especially neighborhoods) is effective in increasing the sense of cooperation and using the potential of individuals and increases social participation.

      After library studies, field research, qualitative review and description and analysis of data; Indicators, components, then, elements for both variables were explained and provide a conceptual model to justify their correlation and considering the House of Culture and the Library of Mohammadiyah as a case study, a questionnaire was developed and according to; The number of clients, Cochran's formula and Morgan table, 80 questionnaires were distributed and completed and then, using statistical software and correlation research method, the correlation between variables was investigated. Due to the use of the views of the statistical community and the descriptive nature of the results, we use the survey research method. The assessment tool in this research to collect information is a questionnaire that has been developed according to the elements expressed in the previous sections. The validity of the questions is of a content type. In order to analyze the data, according to the completed questionnaires and using the SPSS method (version 22), we calculated the reliability coefficients of the questionnaire, significance and correlation between variables and determined its direction. Finally, the obtained results are analyzed by inductive reasoning and the hypothesis is examined.

       According to calculations, the degree of reliability and Cronbach's alpha coefficient for; The total questions of the questionnaire is 0.944, the variable of infill architecture development is 0.914 and the variable of social participation is 0.917, which indicates the appropriateness and standardization of the questionnaire and the questions asked for the variables.In order to test the hypothesis, according to the answers and using statistical software, the Pearson coefficient and the correlation between the two variables were calculated to be 0.830 that the proximity of the above digit to the number one indicates a high correlation and its positive sign indicates a direct correlation between the variables and also zero (less than 0.05) significance indicates a significant relationship between them.Infill architecture development can be according to the parameters; Promoting the culture of participation with appropriate culture building, strengthen the sense of belonging of the beneficiaries according to the identity of the place, gaining the trust of people by trying to meet the needs of the population, efforts to maintain the desired physical and biological characteristics with respect to the surrounding tissue and promote vitality with flexible design and improve the quality of the environment, increase social cohesion and participation. As in the case study, the creation of a cultural building in one of the historic neighborhoods of the city, by trying to meet the needs of users and holding group activities increases the participation of people in the place.

     According to the most important data, the concept of infill architecture development by; Utilizing the existing environmental and human potentials, population absorption, increase the self-confidence of local people and their self-sufficiency power, promoting the culture and quality of the environment, attention to the identity and personality of the existing architecture and promoting a sense of belonging, creates trust and a sense of satisfaction and increases social participation in the whole development process.        Strategies to achieve the indicators of the mentioned variables according to the specific data; A) Infill architecture development variable: 1- Socio-economic index; Increasing social interactions, benefiting from popular participation, raising society public awareness, generate income for the residents of the neighborhood, provision of municipal services, use of abandoned buildings and spaces, increasing attention to the culture and history of the neighborhood. 2- Functional-operational index; Increasing public service, support for the city's main service areas, restoring prosperity to historical and abandoned textures, reconstruction of dilapidated buildings, increasing the quality of performance among several important buildings. 3- Physical-environmental index; Attention to the height of buildings, harmony with the surrounding tissue, reconstruction of old buildings. B) Social participation variable: 1- Social capital index; Increasing social solidarity, adherence to cultural and social commitments, welcoming personal initiatives, raising awareness and strengthen participation. 2- Index of participatory spaces; Attention to needs, improving the quality of living space, increasing sense of belonging, ability to make changes in space. 3- Index of factors affecting participation; Increasing social cohesion, improving the quality of urban life, welcoming people's ideas, providing individual and collective facilities, increasing emotional dependence, giving identity, attention to the environment. Finally, it is suggested that the participation of individuals in all stages of the development process be used by informing the society about the goals and benefits of the infill architecture development, especially in historical contexts that are prone to achieve to the development goals due to their rich identity.

Citizen participation as a social act is one of the most important components to achieve sustainable urban development. Social participation is not only collective work but collective thinking, collective participation, collective decision, collective production, and collective use. to increase the awareness and awareness of citizens about their issues and mutual need to each other, it will help create a better society and strengthen the ability of a society to coordinate individuals ' actions to develop and improve valuable collective goods and also increase the opportunity for developing intelligent policies and help sustainable urban development. Sustainable development from one hand helps preserve the environment and on the other hand, helps preserve the social and economic structures of the city. In the discussion of planning, urban  This research in terms of methodology is descriptive-analytical, the method of gathering information based on a library, documents and sampling method, survey method that sample size is equal. To examine and evaluate the role of citizens and their social participation and achieve sustainable urban development goals, we used the frequency distribution test, Kolmogorov - Smirnov test, the spearman correlation coefficient was used to identify the most effective factor influencing participation. The findings of the research show that there is a significant relationship between citizen participation and sustainable urban development. The results indicate that citizen participation in sustainable urban development in the city of Tabriz is medium. There is a significant relationship between citizen participation and sustainable urban development and the promotion of citizen's socio-economic status is very important in rural sustainable development.

due to the inefficiency of social participation practices in science, contemporary science policy discourses seek innovative models to increase public participation and cooperation between governments and the public. This is because, socially innovative practices can increase citizen participation in a more appealing way. The present study aims to implement socially innovative practices to increase social participation in the Strategic Transformation of Science and Technology Article.

This research is carried out in three steps (description, challenge-finding and solution presentation). First, after interviewing the experts and using the thematic analysis technique, the framework for social participation in science and technology in macro documents was extracted and then calibrated using Fuzzy Delphi to reach theoretical saturation. Subsequently, in the challenge-finding phase, the text of the Strategic Transformation of Science and Technology Article was evaluated using the quantitative content analysis technique. In the third step, after reviewing the views of people familiar with social participation solutions in science and technology, a number of solutions were identified.

The various components found in the evaluation of social participation in macro documents of science and technology, include: 1. direct reference to social participation, 2. indirect reference to social participation, 3. objectives pursued by social participation, 4. instruments for the realization of social participation and 5. tools used by stakeholder to encourage social participation. The results showed that social participation in science and technology were not adequately addressed in this document, and finally, according to research findings, 25 innovative social solutions were suggested to solve the challenges.

According to research results, one of the main priorities in science and technology programs should be the promotion of the individual’s awareness which in turn leads to social participation in science and technology. Several studies point out social innovation as one of the ways to achieve this.

Political trust is the most important elements in democracy which has an important role in political and social stability of society. Yazd has experienced high political participation level in throughout history. According to this; this study intends to investigate the social factors affecting political trust from the perspective of public opinion in Yazd by survey method.

The research method was survey (quantitative); the data collection tool was a questionnaire. Using Cochran's general formula, a sample size of 384 was determined.

The research findings show that there is a significant relationship between religious affiliation, socio-political cohesion, national identity, relative deprivation, mass media consumption, social justice and legalism with political trust. In terms of multiple regressions; religious affiliation with beta value (0.219), socio-political cohesion (0.303), national identity (0.462), relative deprivation (0.386), media consumption (0.397), social justice (372) / 0) and legalism (0.245) had the greatest effect on political trust.

Based on the results of the study, independent variables in model could express and prospect 45 percent of political trust changes. This variable is equal to 35% at the high level, 39% at the average level and 26% at the low level. Accordingly, the political trust of the citizens of Yazd is appropriate.