soft war

The aim of this research is to examine how Saudi Arabia represents Iran's nuclear program in the Al Arabiya satellite network. Specifically, this study seeks to answer the question of how the representation of Iran's nuclear program in the Al Arabiya network from 2017 to 2020 has been and what goals and policies have been considered in this representation. This research employs an analytical-descriptive approach based on library and archival information (the media in question) and utilizes the concept of securitization from the Copenhagen School, along with representation and highlighting. The results obtained in response to the research question include the following: the portrayal of Iran's interventionism in the region, the dangers of Iran's access to nuclear energy, Iran's support for militia groups, countering Iran's ambitions and expansionism, Iran's support for terrorism, exacerbating nuclear threats, labeling Iran's nuclear agreement as non-peaceful, legitimizing the claims of Saudi Arabia and its allies, imposing further sanctions on Iran, and creating divisions and rifts between the people and the government in Iran are among the most significant content presented by this network regarding Iran's nuclear program.

After World War II, the United States, as one of the most influential countries, pursued its strategies in the region to establish global order. On the one hand, the emergence of countries influential in regional equations such as Iran, Russia, Syria and Iraq and the failures of the United States in Iraq, Afghanistan, have led the US presidents to other strategies for this Consider the area. The purpose of this study was to analyze the failure of US strategies in the containment of the Iran after the victory of the Islamic Revolution so far and its political, security and economic impact and the decline of American hegemony in the Western Asia and the International Level. The results showed that the change in the wrong trend in American strategies in Iran's control, while the US Hegemony, will be the director of progress, influence and promoting Iran's position in important regional decisions.

since the collapse of the soviet union the united state has made a magor effect to portary islamic presuppositions and groups as a showcase for global security.the main method of american soft war is to create pressimism and separation between the system and the people and it tries to achieve this important in various ways with various media tools.therefor it is necessery for the relevant authorities to anticipate the control measures in creating dimensions.you increase deterrwnce against enemy threat, reduce vulnerability promote national atability and facilitate management at specific and critical times. thus determining how to control threats against the enemys soft warfare is the reseqrchers most important main concern.according to the descriptive analytical research method used in this artical the dpcumentary method has been used to collect information and data.then a number of experts in this field were interviewed. findings show that in order to control the threats in soft war all preventive tools in the form of jihad shoud be used withe a broad view and threats so that the enemy can not dwfeat the society with weakness and ultimately despair.

The abstract of the thesis (including summary, goals, implemented methods, and results). The deterrence strategy, though imported from the military sector to other areas, is not only limited to the military sector, but it can also embrace the media sector. In this research, an attempt The challenges and opportunities of using the media deterrence strategy in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting will be investigated by taking advantage of the opinions of professionals and media experts, The components, application method, methods, and effective tools of deterrence strategy in providing national security is the problem of this research.In order to deeply understand the research question, the present research used the Theme analysis method, or in other words, the grounded Corbin and Strauss method, which is a subcategory of qualitative research. From the point of view of experts and experts in this field, the indicators and components that create them are: ...

One of the neutralizing strategies of the soft and media conspiracies of the enemy is Jihad of explanation, in which an attempt is made to present a correct narrative of reality to the audience. The desired realization in Jihad of explanation requires paying attention to some points and requirements that facilitate the effectiveness of Jihad of explanation.The purpose of this research is to calculate the effectiveness of Jihad Tebayin in the defense thought of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution (Madazla-ul-Ali).The current research is a descriptive-analytical research that has been analyzed qualitatively using the foundation's data method.The statistical population of the research includes the statements of His Holiness from the beginning of his leadership until the year 1401. The findings of the research indicate that positive and effective propaganda, taking advantage of the capacity of Islam, demarcation and clarification, correct explanation based on documents, using the capacity of Friday prayers and religious delegations, using the language of art, Innovation and initiative, use of new technologies, avoiding prejudice and factional and group affiliations in explanation, as the requirements of the effectiveness of explanation jihad in the defense thought of the Supreme Leader, are considered as the result of paying attention to them, immunity from conspiracy. Soft and cognitive temptations are the enemy of discourse creation. In addition, it protects the brains and minds of the public and strengthens the national spirit, which has a significant connection with the survival and stability of the political system.

Among the important concepts in the political and social literature of societies is the concept of war. Re-reading the key opinions that influence the general policies of the society can lead to a more complete definition of the desired phenomenon and explain the political and social outlook of the societies more accurately. In this article, by dealing with the concept of war in the discourse of the revolution with a descriptive analytical method and based on Farklough's three-level model, it was determined that the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution led to the redefinition of new conceptual and value structures and changed some semantic fields in the global relations of power. gave The centrality of the new system and structure that was established in Iran is the formation of a religious government. This caused fundamental changes, including the emergence of an ideological competitor at the level of global power relations. With the emergence of such conditions, socio-political systems and power structures are redefined and take on a new form. In order to maintain the status quo and consolidate power, the existing powers that do not accept the new discourse rise up against it and in this way try various forms of exercising power. In this course, the historical development of the method of conflict and confrontation in the power structure leads from hard and military war to cultural invasion, cultural bloodshed, cultural looting, cultural massacre, cultural NATO, cultural soft war, which at the present time is faced with a variety of methods of exercising power. which ultimately leads to a combined war method. Alienation, hostility and authority are among the central signs of the discourse of war, and the concepts of defense, jihad, struggle, insight and resistance are the concepts involved in completing this discourse network.

The victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in February 1979 led to a wide range of arrogant powers standing against it. Extensive and limited military confrontations, as well as political threats, have failed to harm the revolution due to its high deterrence. However, soft war and cognitive warfare, centered around media tools and cyberspace, have intensified in the past two decades by the global arrogance system led by the United States. In this context, the concept of "Explanation Jihad" (Jihad-e Tabyin) was introduced by Ayatollah Khamenei as a strategy to counter the psychological warfare of the enemy within the framework of soft warfare. In this research, the author seeks to examine the concept of "Explanation Jihad" within the intellectual framework of Ayatollah Khamenei and explain its various dimensions and layers. The research question is: What are the Restrictive and Prescriptive principles of the concept of " Explanation Jihad" in the view of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution? In response to this question, the following hypothesis is proposed: The Restrictive principles of the concept of "Explanation Jihad" in the view of Ayatollah Khamenei lie in the confrontation based on presenting the correct narrative and confrontation based on raising awareness, while the Prescriptive principle is explanation based on rationality and conveying truths. The method of this article is descriptive-explanatory, and the data collection method is documentary.

Media diplomacy is one of the effective means of soft power in establishing stable and purposeful communications and interactions with other nations and in exerting influence on public opinion. Regarding the transnational objectives of the Islamic Revolution as stipulated in the Constitution and as found in the thought of the Grand Leaders (Imams) of the Revolution, media diplomacy, as far as its positive dimension is concerned, can play an important role in explaining Islamic values and delivering the message of the Revolution through persuasive discourse and image management among foreign audiences, especially among the Islamic societies. As far as the negative dimension is concerned, in the face of the news invasion, smearing and negative propaganda levelled by the enemies against Islam, the Revolution and Iran, it can raise awareness and enlightenment by taking an active strategy in the field of network and discourse analyses. Also, it can exert crucial influence over the positive perception of the people of other countries as to the identity and position of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In answering the main question, “With emphasis on the views of the Supreme Leader, what are the dimensions and areas of media diplomacy?” this article seeks to examine this assumption that the position of Supreme Leader, as one of the main motives within the theoretical framework of the movement model, is of a crucial role in providing insightful, valuable and factual solutions for the expansion of soft power and soft war management in the fields of thinking, creating new trends, networking, and modeling.

Problem statement: 

In today's era, media and especially social networks, by influencing the triple layers of belief, value and behavior, play a very important role in engineering people's thoughts and political behaviors in elections. In this article, with an emphasis on the 13th presidential election of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the role of the opposition media in engineering public opinion and strategies to counter it in line with the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran have been researched.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, type of data and methodological approach of qualitative studies based on thematic analysis. data collection tool, use of sampling method; It is purposeful and based on theoretical saturation. Theme analysis technique was used to analyze the data obtained from the conducted interviews.

opposition and counter-revolutionary groups, using methods and methods such as: formation of think tanks and situation analysis tables; focus on disqualifying candidates; creating a crisis and creating a bipolar atmosphere in society; Launching various campaigns, exploiting economic problems, creating rumors, inducing despair and hopelessness, highlighting the role of leadership in the elections, were used to influence and engineer the public opinion of the Iranian society in the 1400 presidential election.The soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in dealing with these actions includes: the role of the Supreme Leader in guiding public opinion, strengthening the revolutionary flow in social networks, increasing public trust in mass media, etc.

Explanation Jihadis one of the most important demands of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, which he has emphasized many times and at various times to deal with any deviation and distortion in the discourse and values of the Islamic Revolution. In the present study, an attempt was made to draw a model for the recognition of explanation Jihad based on his intellectual system and with two qualitative and quantitative approaches. The statistical population in the qualitative stage where the database method was used, 30cultural experts and professors of universities in Ardabil province, who were selected by the chain reference method (snowball), and after theoretical saturation in the interview, the coding process was done. In the quantitative part, based on Morgan's table, 169cultural managers of the province were studied. After the coding process and using MaxQDA, the data sets were categorized into 86open codes, 77concepts, 15categories and 6classes (causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, central categories, strategies and consequences). Based on the research results and the output of Smatr PLS, the indicators of the formation of the Iranian-Islamic identity of the people, industrial constructions, synchronization and alignment and the fit of form and content, free space and criticism and correction, explanation for the general public and all strata and industrial development index as The most important indicators of the model for the recognition of jihad explanation were identified. 

  In recent years, passive defense has become a widespread concept in our country and covers almost all areas of people's social life. One of the new functions of passive defense is people-oriented passive defense, It is that its main mission in the first place is to protect the cohesion between the people and the government and in the next place is the continuation of necessary activities. The purpose of this research is to provide a strategic model of people-centered passive defense against the enemy's soft war. The current research was done with a qualitative approach and with the Foundation's data method. Data collection in this research was done by field and library methods and by using the tools of interview, observation, specialized round table and documents. The statistical population of this research reached theoretical saturation after interviewing 12 people with opinions. To analyze the resulting data, coding was done in three stages. In open coding, 196 units of analysis (paragraphs) were selected and after conceptualization, 115 indicators were extracted, and after merging, transforming and changing similar or close factors, 45 focal indicators were determined and listed. In the course of axial coding by categorizing indicators related to each other, the number of 12 components was obtained and after selective coding, five dimensions were determined for the people-centered passive defense model. At the end, by setting up a questionnaire, the dimensions and components of the people-centered passive defense model against the enemy's soft war were voted and evaluated among the sample research community and analyzed using SPSS software, which were all confirmed by obtaining the appropriate score

The widespread penetration of virtual space and internet tools created a dynamic and mobile lifestyle in the lives of modern people. According to these developments, different levels and dimensions of social-political governance of governments, communication networking and interactions of citizens were noticeably and secretly affected. This has created opportunities and threats for the progress of governments, citizens, strata, classes and mutual relations between them.ideological, civilizational battle and the model of governance with the domination system at the world level. In this direction, in the continuation of soft battles with the aim of continuing street riots and riots in virtual and satellite space, combined measures such as (mass mobilization of protestors, unity of oppositions and opponents, ethnic-religious separatism, inciting emotions and instrumental use of some environmental problems and dilemmas) and economic and...) have been used against the achievements of the revolution. In this research, an attempt was made to answer the main question of how social networks played a role in the riots of November 1998 in Iran, using the qualitative method and using the conceptual model of soft war and cognitive battle. The findings of the research with the analysis of internet sources, confessions of some neglected ones and the talks of related experts as well as the use of document-library sources indicated that the membership of the majority of the country's young population in virtual networks and non-native platforms is the right ground for the deep advancement of soft war and hybrid tactics.

Psychological warfare is the systematic and precise use of propaganda and other means to influence the thoughts and behaviors of different groups of allies and adversaries to achieve objectives. With the onset of the imposed war, the Western media empire and its regional proxies made extensive efforts to conduct psychological warfare to affect the Iranian people and government. Imam Khomeini (May God bless his soul) delivered various speeches and messages to counteract the enemy’s psychological warfare and also to inform the Iraqi military and people, which can be named as psychological warfare strategies. Accordingly, this research aims to examine and elucidate “psychological warfare in the Sacred Defense” from Imam Khomeini’s (May God bless his soul) perspective. The research method is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) content analysis method and Imam Khomeini’s Sahifeh (May God bless his soul) text during the Sacred Defense was studied with two approaches of analogy and induction. In this framework, 9 concepts related to the component of “psychological warfare in Sacred Defense” were extracted and their frequency status and also their change trend were investigated. In addition, based on the process of “coding and categorization”, the most important psychological warfare strategies were calculated. The findings of the research indicate that three concepts of “interpreting the imposed war as a symbol of the struggle between truth and falsehood; explaining war as a Sacred Defense and enlightening about propaganda and false claims of Iraq’s Ba’athist regime and its allies” had the highest frequency. Also, content analysis of Imam Khomeini’s (May God bless his soul) statements shows that he had three specific strategies in mind, including “presenting a dualism of Islam and disbelief, confronting the enemy’s psychological war (distortion, doubt and discord) and ultimately enlightening and inviting Iraqi military and people”.

Cultural diplomacy is one of the branches of diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This branch of diplomacy has been very important because of the importance of soft power in the post-Cold War era. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, foreign policy decision makers have emphasized on changing the soft regional and global order by using soft power tools and cultural and public diplomacy. The Supreme Leader has a high position in the speech and behavior system of foreign policy due to his high influence weight and decisive role in the foreign policy directions. His point of view in relation to one of the most important branches of foreign diplomacy, which is cultural diplomacy in this text, is of great research importance. The question of the upcoming research is, what is the Supreme Leader's point of view regarding cultural diplomacy? The hypothesis of the present research to answer the mentioned question is that the opinion of the Supreme Leader in relation to cultural diplomacy can be summarized in three categories: positive, negative and learning. The research method of the upcoming article is descriptive-explanatory and the method of collecting library and documentary materials.​

The transformation in the nature of power has also led to the transformation in the nature of wars; If the hard war is realized by occupying the land, weakening or subverting a political system by using military tools, the soft war by affecting the perceptions, cognitive system, beliefs and values of a nation, challenges the thought and model of the country's administration. Media techniques are among the most important methods used in soft war; through narration, the media shape the minds of the audience or change their cognitive system and replace them with new beliefs and values and in this way direct their individual and social behaviors and actions. In this article, we seek to find an answer to the question that in the media examined in this research, that is; The Farsi section of the BBC News Network, the Persian section of Radio Free Europe known as Radio Farda, and the Farsi section of the Voice of America - what image of the relationship between ethnic groups and the political structure do they reflect? the method of collecting information based on library study and searching on the news network sites; BBC, Radio Farda and Voice of America in a ten-year period 1391-1401. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods have been used to analyze the content. It seems that the plan of systematic discrimination is the most important agenda of the investigated media, so that it is possible to deepen the gaps and turn differences and distinctions into conflicts.

The pervasiveness of cyberspace among different sections of society has led to various harms and errors. Part of this damage is one of the goals of the arrogant system in launching soft war and its expansion in cyberspace, which has been able to play a role in more frequency with a more influential, more effective, accelerator. This article aims to interpret the coordinates of cyberspace to have the capacity to act in the goals of the Islamic Revolution with the approach of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution that the two categories of cyberspace and jihad can complement each other as a weapon in soft warfare. Accordingly, with a descriptive-analytical method that seeks to describe the current state of the problem or phenomenon, its features and attributes are studied, and by describing a product in detail, further cognition is done without any intervention or mental inference. Findings indicate that addressing the jihad of explanation can be in order to prevent and eliminate the individual and social contexts of pollution and damage from various aspects in cyberspace in order to achieve virtual governance and can be used as a software aspect of this space as Behrooz used one of various tools in this direction. It is necessary; Explaining the weapon of jihad as one of the protective measures aimed at preventing, warning, informing; In the face of the rampant cyberspace that threatened individual and social interests, he took advantage of the search for the well-being of society.

The present article seeks to explain the relationship between soft warfare and cultural security in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The author's main question is sometimes how soft warfare plays a role in undermining cultural security. Acculturalization, dissemination and imposition of lifestyle, alienation and incitement of generational gaps using media tools help to transform cultural security Findings show that based on the theoretical framework presented in this article, cultural security is the product of adaptation It is between the three levels of elites, the people and the government, and the incompatibility and lack of planning between these three levels is the source of cultural insecurity and epistemological instability. Strengthening the elites, including religious, political and cultural elites, play an important role in deepening the forms of values and beliefs and turning them into behavioral symbols, shaping the mentality and behavior of the people of the society in providing cultural security.

Explanation Jihad is a term that Imam Khamenei(Madazaleh Al-Ali) put forward to deal with the soft war against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The jihad of explanation means the correct expression of facts, guiding minds, answering questions and ambiguities, which have been injected into the Islamic society by the enemy and created a dusty atmosphere on the ruling society. In the meantime, what is emphasized is the role of elites, especially students, in this field of struggle. In this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the strategic mission of students in the Jihad of explanation. The current research is among the combined researches. The statistical population of this research is the collection of Imam Khamenei's statements from the beginning of his leadership period from 1368 to 1401, which were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The reliability of the data was checked and confirmed using the Holsti method and the validity of the data using(CVI) and(CVR). The findings of the research showed that in order to achieve success in Jihad, it is necessary to explain the prerequisites and requirements. which were counted and identified in 4 categories of Jihadi management and work, ethical conduct, stewardship and cultivation and self-improvement. Also, based on the findings of the research, the mission of the students was identified and categorized in 5 categories of insight, transformation, hope creation, transformation and awareness.

Today, the influence of media has spread in all aspects of life and it is difficult to imagine a world without media and news. In addition to useful and positive effects such as public monitoring, awareness and information and dealing with economic corruption, the media can also become a threat against the society in some cases. During soft and non-hard wars, the media plays the main role. In various ways, the media can shape the mental atmosphere of the target groups in the direction of the goals and demands of the enemies, and in this case, a media war is formed. Therefore, it is necessary to manage media threats and deal with such a war. Considering that such a war cannot be dealt with in a hard way, therefore, soft techniques should be used. Cultural criminology is one of the branches of critical criminology that deals with the importance of the media's role in society and suggests cultural solutions. Based on this, the present article examines the strategies for managing media threats and comes to the conclusion that increasing media literacy among managers, media clarification efforts and the production of measured content and media insight are among the strategies to deal with the media war. Domestic media should do all they can to represent the facts and expose against the western world.

Cultural and educational system is an orderly and organized set of standard cultural and educational meanings, concepts and ideas that follow a systematic order. The present study analyses the challenges on the way of of the effectiveness of AJA cultural and educational system. To this end, challenges confronting AJA cultural and educational system were identified and categorized in different fields namely social, cultural, religious, ideological, educational and training, management and structure, economic and psychological challenges. Survey method was applied and sample population was all employees working in 17 selected Payvar units, as well as Educational and Cultural experts of AJA. The results show that the educational and cultural system with regard to ideological army indices such obedience to Vali Faqih, courage and sovereignty, devotion and sacrifice, protection of the country, discipline, Jihadist mentality, faithfulness and commitment, professionality and effectiveness, coherence and integrity, insightfuleness and potency in soft war suffers from relative weakness. Finally, a model of ideal cultural and educational sytem for AJA and strategies to achieve it are proposed.