strategic management

The concept of strategy has fundamentally arisen from the field of defense and the primary applications of strategic studies can be found in this field. Until now, various models have been proposed for strategic management, but most of these models originated from profit-oriented organizations and the field of business management, and it is rare to find a model that specifically focuses on the field of defense and is available to the public. In this study, by reviewing the research literature, it was found that the existing models in this field have shortcomings in two basic areas, one of which is the lack of models with the characteristic of command and upstream strategies, and the second and more important, the lack of the present models with the characteristic of consequence and focus only on the results. , is. In this study, by reviewing and aggregating the existing studies in the form of a process model and adding a new step to the common steps (in the form of pre-formulation of result-oriented) and result-oriented features to the steps of strategic creation, implementation and control, a process model of strategic defense management has been obtained.

Based on Trump's foreign policy and security to curb Iran within its borders, it appears that non-binding sanctions would form the main contributor to the Trump policy towards Iran and could potentially have implications for the comprehensive sanctions 2012-2014. The question now is it possible to change the landscape of the game in such a way that it has a reasonable balance and the legitimate rights of the both sides are protected? Such a change requires a shift in the strategic approach to the asymmetric active counteraction to formal diplomatic approaches, and this paper seeks to formulate a strategic turn around in confronting our enemies. The approach of this paper is analytical and its data is often collected from library and online resources. In this paper, after examining some of the necessary preconditions, based on a series of explicit assumptions that has been inspired from the empirical method of development of Shahid Bagheri, a framework in the international arena for use simultaneously The language of diplomacy and resistance is presented. In fact, this paper is helpful in increasing the cost of West adventure which can be obliged enemies for the treaty.

The purpose of this article is to introduce a method for formulating an organizational vision statement with the case study of the National Defense University. In terms of practical orientation, in terms of exploratory purpose, this research is in a mixed or combined approach (qualitative and quantitative) in terms of method. Single-section research horizon, data collection method, document and field review and analysis and interpretation of qualitative data with thematic analysis method and quantitative data with inferential statistical tests, which after reviewing the theoretical literature of strategic management and compiling an organizational vision statement and Also, by reviewing the documents of the Higher National Defense University, the initial propositions forming the initial statement were deduced based on the three-stage Lashkar-Blouki method, and by using the focal group of the statistical sample, the initial text of the vision statement was prepared and finally evaluated by experts using a questionnaire. The statistical sample was placed and the final corrections were made in it. The vision statement of the Higher National Defense University is aimed at the horizon of 1414 and it considers attractive features such as "high, revolutionary, exemplary, inspiring, foundational wisdom and a manifestation of the scientific authority of the strategic management of security defense and one of the foundations of the modern Islamic civilization" for the university. Is. The level of the university in the vision horizon is targeted as "the highest scientific center of strategic sciences in the country and the leader in national defense universities in the region and the Islamic world".

Strategic management of the defense industry as one of the most important pillars of the defense and security structure of the country in terms of direction and purpose should be taken care. This research seeks to determine the themes of the drivers for the direction and purpose of strategic management of the country's defense industry. Undoubtedly, the country's defense industry benefits from distinctive features and aspects that have been acquired and institutionalized in recent years under the strategic management and command of the country's defense and security organizations. The problem of research is the scientific deficiency in revealing the importance of the directional From the perspective of management and soft technologies as the indigenous and specific characteristics governing the defense and indigenous industry of the holy system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The most important statements and information to achieve the purpose of this study are the expectations of the leadership of the system (Imams of the Islamic Revolution) and the Supreme Command of the forces and upstream documents of the system. In this research, using the method of content analysis of documents and questionnaire tools, the themes of goal and direction drivers in the strategic management of the defense industry of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Based on the interpretation of "model" from the perspective of the Supreme Leader and the Supreme Command of the Armed Forces, the statistics and findings of this study were extracted for the first time in the form of 20 statements

The internal and external factors of organizations and, as a result, their business challenges in facing economic sanctions have changed rapidly and rendered strategic plans ineffective. The SWOT analysis can help organizations in evaluating, reviewing and upgrading strategic plans when such economic crises occur. Nevertheless, SWOT analysis does not enable to evaluate strategic factors of an organization comprehensively and hence, does not provide exact priorities of strategies regarding their importance. The purpose of this study is to integrate SWOT analysis and multi-criteria decision-making methods under fuzzy conditions in bringing up to date and upgrade an organization's strategic plan in times of economic sanctions. This objective follows via a hybrid mathematical model to improve the quality of SWOT analysis and has applied and tested in a transformer manufacturer factory. In this process, the internal and external factors of organizations and revised strategies have extracted by the Delphi method and SWOT analysis. Then, the network analysis process has used to weight the factors, and TOPSIS, VIKOR, and COPRAS under fuzzy conditions have applied to rank the strategies and validate them. Besides, the consistency of the rating results and the correlation between them have examined and verified. This confirmation indicates the efficiency of the ratings and the applicability of the model. The proposed model can apply to improve and enhance the organizational strategies under sanctions conditions in other industrial companies in the country.

Covert diplomacy is a kind of real conflict; So that today the diplomatic activities of all countries, especially the western countries, are based on covert diplomacy to create relations between countries and governments, as well as at the international level. In fact, covert diplomacy is a manifestation of diplomacy that has established a link with the level of national strategy; it is also a manifestation of strategy that is related to software warfare. Therefore, covert diplomacy is a type of intertwining soft war whose executors must be selected from among intelligent and sophisticated people. In this way, those whose mission is carried out based on covert diplomacy, must have special characteristics and have a proper understanding and theoretical knowledge regarding the issues of foreign policy and covert diplomacy. This research, with the question of what the theoretical approaches to covert diplomacy in intelligence organizations should be, by using the descriptive and analytical method derived from the views of some academic experts and the limited theoretical foundations that have been explained in this regard, believes that Intelligence organizations should be based on strategic management levels; Realize the goals of covert intelligence diplomacy with combined and multiple intertwined methods such as discourse creation at the strategic level, concealment at the operational level, surprise at the tactical level, and pragmatism at the technical level. Nevertheless, it should be noted that covert diplomacy is located in the fluid space of theoretical and practical fields, which always suffers from uncertainty and slips in the direction of other forms of diplomacy (both public and official diplomacy) and its alienating borders in order to achieve its hidden goals. It is decided that it should move in the correct and guided path with correct and purposeful planning and realize its hidden art in realizing national goals through intelligence channels with pre-planned scenarios; otherwise it will face challenges and calculation errors and fragility. .

The present study aims to examine the characteristics of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the future in line with future upheavals and social and political developments. This research is an applied research method. The method of library study and reference to documents and instruments of the questionnaire were used to collect data and using a targeted sampling method to select the sample size of the population under study. In the present research, in accordance with the objectives and research questions, the current features of the armed forces and the characteristics of the armed forces are based on the above documents, and the role of environmental conditions as an influential area in the characteristics of the armed forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran And the results indicate the important role of environmental conditions and, given this impact, the features, capabilities and roles of the armed forces in the future are outlined and expressed.

One of the most important issues related to security is public security, which is achieved by observing the considerations of passive defense and the result of interaction and participation of social actors through the people and for the people. It requires deep and precise attention and a common view of the nature of public security can prevent the formation of different or contradictory views and strategies and inconsistent actions. This study aims to identify the dimensions, components and indicators of public security with passive defense considerations and provide a codified model to find the answer to the question, what is the model of strategic public security management with passive defense considerations? have been. The type of applied research is development with a mixed approach, which is done using the survey method and expert panel. Passive statistics and separating each component based on its specific characteristics in six dimensions and by collecting data and structural equation methods, the proposed framework was designed through a questionnaire and completed for the statistical population of 106 people and the final research model was presented. Experience and analysis of data using structural equations method and based on research findings, respectively, dimensions, the effect of inhibiting upgrading, continuity of essential services, reducing vulnerability on the research model has been more than other dimensions.

Today, information is considered as the core and the main tool of power and competitive advantage. Meanwhile, the more efficient concept of information called intelligence has highlighted its importance and placed information. The continuous and rapid changes in the environment of organizations and governments, and the quantity and quality of the resources under their jurisdiction, as well as the interconnect of organizations and countries, give rise to increasing ambiguity in the environment. In this regard, strategic intelligence is designed to help and support them in this direction so increase its soft power.Strategic intelligence can be considered as a systematic and continuous process for generating information and strategic intelligence in order to facilitate decision-making and gaining competitive advantage and benefits as well as deterrence. So, a review of the experience gained by governments’ shows that the approach to supporting strategic decision-making and the enjoyment of soft power is emphasized and it is inextricably linked to national interests and competitive advantage.Therefore, due to the weakness of studies and internal resources and necessity also importance of improving the planning structure, decision making and strategic information, and in order to create a framework for strategic intelligence, this paper proposed. In this regard, through qualitative research methods, it is aimed at providing goals and responding to the development of strategic capabilities and decision-making using the strategic intelligence management capacity, and in the results of this research a fine definition of relevant capabilities and the use of capacity is also provided by the prospects.

Indubitably, the application of knowledge concepts in organizational processes in this century has led to the growth and improvement of organizations and in this age of knowledge, knowledge-based defense organizations are regarded as the vital institutions to create stability and security. In these organizations, knowledge personnel are the most important factor in accomplishment of the organizational objectives. But the management of these employees per se has numerous challenges. The main purpose of this study was the identification of constituents of knowledge personnel management in knowledge-based organizations of the Armed Forces. In this applied research, after performing exploratory studies, using the Delphi method and three rounds of survey 22 constituents were extracted and examined. Data collection in this study was conducted using the semi-structured and structured questionnaires and they were analyzed using SPSS software. The results of study showed that, in general, four dimensions (recruitment and employment, improvement, maintenance and application) and eight components (recruitment of quality staff (committed and expert), implementation of the socialization process, development of scientific and professional abilities, expansion of cognitive abilities, performance management, service compensation system, effective leadership and self-governing groups) have been identified as the most important dimensions and components of knowledge management in knowledge-based organizations of the Army of the I. R. of Iran.

Implementation of a strategy is always much more difficult than its formulation, and in principle, the main challenges of strategic management lie more in the implementation stage of the strategy than that of strategy formulation. Most organizations today are trying to move from the search for great strategies to the great capabilities of strategy implementation. Since, nowadays, the implementation of the strategy in various organizations, especially military organizations, has become more important, the main goal of this study is to "identify the factors affecting the successful implementation of the strategy in the army of the Islamic Republic of Iran." This research is an applied study and its method of data collection is a library and documentary one. Using a descriptive-analytical method, it has been tried to prioritize the strategy, its implementation and effective factors upon it. In this regard, the relevant questionnaires were prepared and designed and were distributed among the statistical population of 40 individuals and then using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods and SPSS software, the Research questions were summarized and evaluated. Finally, 34 factors affecting the successful implementation of the strategy in the statistical organization were obtained and using the "Friedman" test, "development and implementation strategies based on values, measures of the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, ideals and vision" and "threat-based, mission-oriented approach in implementation" and "allocation of optimal resources and facilities" and "the presence of commanders with the ability to think strategically and systematically and their familiarity with the concepts of strategy and its implementation" as the most important factors affecting strategy implementation in Iran were ranked.

ne of the most important tools for organizations to overcome the growing environmental uncertainty is to utilize strategic decision making. Strategic decisions are decisions that affect the long-term survival of the organization and its dynamism and promotion. On the other hand, a knowledge-based organization or company is one of the great tools of governments to promote technology and streamline science in industries. A knowledge-based organization is an organization that uses creativity, innovation and new knowledge in the process of producing and delivering a product or service. Given the growing importance of knowledge-based organizations in GDP and the lack of strategic decision-making model of such organizations in the specific issue of technology commercialization, the present study seeks to address this research gap. For this purpose, using data base theory approach based on Strauss and Corbin approach, a total of 12 experts were interviewed, consisting of managers of knowledge-based companies as well as academic experts in semi-structured interviews. After the open coding process from the raw data base, a key point in the abstract concept was extracted from the process, which resulted in the formation of a sub-category, 34 main categories and finally six theoretical theories through the axial and selective coding process. . Managers' active power based on market analysis, role of elite survival rate, agility of structure and decision making process, maintenance of dynamic marketing and environment relationships, attention to technology and environment ecosystem components.

Constructive Jihad was one of the institutions emerged from the Islamic Revolution that during its organizational life had many impacts on the development and improvement of the villages, as well as the imposed war. As the administrative dimensions of this institution have not been presented in the form of a systematic model based on the discourse of Velayat-e-Faqih, the Constitution, and the experiences of the Islamic Republic of Iran, as well as the need for a scientific pattern to use the achievements of this institution, the present study has been conducted to achieve a paradigmatic model of constructive Jihad. This is a qualitative, applied and developmental research which has been carried out using Grounded Theory. In the paradigmatic model of Constructive Jihad, the causal terms include Islamic worldview, the discourse of Velayat-e-Faqih and the related constitutional principles and provisions; and its central category consists of doctrine and policies. Following, the strategies are defined in six categories as: planning, organizing, directing and leading, coordinating, implementing, monitoring and evaluating. Contextual conditions consist of public claims and demands, popular participation, Jihadi spirit, immaterial motivation, unity and empathy between people and authorities. Also, hindering conditions include not having Jihadi attitude, non-dynamic, dysfunctional and efficient structures, and conflicting laws and regulations. Consequently, implementing these strategies will promote the reinforcement of pure Mohammadi Islam, the spreading of social justice, the growth of morality and spirituality, development of villages, self-sufficiency and poverty alleviation.

The intensity of the changes in cyberspace and its according  diversity of insecurity and the need to respond to the current threats of this space, especially the strategic position of the services and information available in this space, have necessitated the need for a model for strategic management of this space's security. On the other hand, having environmental information, both indoor and outdoor, especially with regard to the speed of their changes and the need for accurate information, allows us to manage security in the bigdata of this space. Understanding the environment for selecting the right strategies in all strategic management models is part of the model. Cyber-space bigdata, in addition to providing real-time cyber-space information, enables complete assessment and identification of the environment. In this study, the final model was implemented using ISO 31000 standard framework. In this standard, the risk assessment section was extracted with regard to the macro features of the data available in cyberspace. The risk values ​​in each of the extracted components of cyberspace security by using Bayesian conditional probability functions and using Poisson distribution modulated Markov model by combining Markov cycle with Poisson probability density function and its conditional functions in Bayesian network , Extracted from large cyberspace data, risk assessment was performed. The implementation of ISO 31000 standard was also completed in the formulation of risk management strategies by applying elements extracted from studies on strategic management and risk management models. Finally, the model is simulated with an example of a cyber threat scenario on social networks.

Strategy of an organization affects the underlying structures, policies, programs, and core activities of the organization. Strategy is a transformational approach, but one of the reasons for lack of its usage in organizations is that managers avoid its high risk. If the operational factors regarding this risk are better understood and measures are taken to control and curb it, there will undoubtedly be more effective space to take advantage of the benefits of this approach. While I.R. of Iran's Armed Forces Physical Education Organization has been able to perform its liabilities well by employing the strategic planning process, the question is: Is it necessary for those programs to be revised and modified regarding their content and structure? In this regard, the aim of the present study was to identify the main strategies for the development of the Armed Forces by utilizing meta-analysis and combining the findings of all available sources. The present study was a meta-analysis. The statistical population of the study consists of all plans, programs and strategic documents of Iranian Armed Forces sport organizations that were selected for the research sample and meta-analysis. The findings of this study showed that the major goals and related strategies regarding sport in the Armed Forces can be grouped into five groups: Public, championship, cultural, knowledge development and resource development, and in the horizon of 1404, directs the Iranian Armed Forces Physical Education Organization on the right track by emphasizing the strengthening of the military family's shares in championship sport.

Hajj, as the religion of worship, and a religious and political practice, has a vast capacity for the Islamic world. Hajj pilgrimage and new pilgrimage have been faced with a lot of ups and downs with at least half a century of experience in servicing pilgrims. This issue continues to be a challenge due to the lack of appropriate patterns of scientific research after three decades of revolution. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to explain and prioritize the dimensions and components of the Hajj pilgrimage system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This issue continues to be a challenge due to the lack of appropriate patterns of scientific research after three decades of revolution. Therefore, the main objective of the research is to explain and prioritize the dimensions and components of the Hajj pilgrimage system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Accordingly, the present research is applied in terms of the purpose and in terms of the type of data collected, is a combination of qualitative section of the interview protocol of mind-caving with 30 experts. In the quantitative part of the data collection method, Using a questionnaire, a field experiment was conducted. The statistical population of this research consisted of experts, experts and experts in the area of ​​Hajj pilgrimage and pilgrimage, with 80 people and a targeted sampling method. The validity of the research pattern was obtained using SPSS and PLS software. The results of the study showed that among the five dimensions of the system of management system, the "management system", the first priority and other dimensions are "value system", "system of support", "key activities" and "system of environmental interactions" in the next priorities Are. Also, out of 29 components, the components of "monitoring and control", "spirituality", "piloting journey pilgrims", "professionalism and efficiency of the broker" and "responsibility and service of brokers" are respectively Most rated. The most important achievement of this research is the proposal to create a Hajj and pilgrimage brokerage agency..

One of the most important issues debated in any military engagement, and understandably in Iran-Iraq war is the macro and national strategies, which both countries adopted during their military engagement in order to achieve their intended result, and adopted them as the basis of their own defensive and offensive movements. Discovering, analyzing and rating these strategies is something in which experts and thinkers in various fields including military, economic, social, political...etc. are most importantly interested. So far, many foreign theoreticians and analysts have addressed the Iran-Iraq war in strategic point of view, producing various works in this field. The merit that lies in studying and searching these works is getting introduced to different views and perspectives on the Holy Defense, extending internal analyses, comparing and contrasting the adopted strategies, updating prior experiences, as well as removing the doubts instilled into one’s minds. The objective of this article is to explain and study the elements of national strategies of both parties to war as viewed by foreign experts. This research uses analytical-descriptive method, addressing the national strategies and strategic management of both Iran and Iraq throughout the war according as they are viewed by international thinkers. The result achieved out of the studies is that the nature of wars including the Iran-Iraq war is different due to its being under the influence of differing political, social and cultural contexts, hence leading to different strategies on the part of the two parties to the war.

The present paper is conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing the challenges confronting strategic management in a defense industry and has used content analysis and interviewing tool to identify the challenges facing the strategic management of that defense industry and has also used the questionnaire instrument to confirm the main challenges and its reliability was estimated to be 0.92. For sampling interview, the method of theoretical adequacy of the data was used. The results of the research showed that existence of a kind of divergent thinking in collecting data, lack of specification about the responsibility of individuals in implementing changes in the organization, lack of employee alignment, lack of proper allocation of resources, failure to identify the obstacles ahead in implementing the strategy, lack of commitment to management, failure to transfer the strategy, manager's attention to maintaining the status quo in the organization, the misconception of some managers about the situation are among the challenges in the strategic management of the defense industry. Then, these challenges are ranked by permutation and genetic algorithm and the most important factor is the existence of a divergent thinking in data collection and the least important factor is the lack of management commitment.