tehran metropolis

The evolution of the space organization of cities shows the increasing importance of human factors over natural factors, and a successful management structure must take advantage of all the institutional opportunities available in its operational environment to the frameworks, norms, rules and actions that implement the action. They structure in social contexts to appear in the form of formal rules and structures, as well as norms, etc. in the daily affairs of collective life. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of analyzing urban spatial organization with an institutional-managerial approach in the metropolis of Tehran and based on field evidence (study of Tehran municipal areas based on spatial organization) and various library documents. The statistical population of the study was determined using the Delphi method of 30 experts in the field of urban planning and architecture. The distribution of the sample among the respondents by random method and the tool used is a questionnaire. Using SPSS software, and chi-square test, two values of chi-square were obtained (SIG = 0.000) indicating the importance of prioritizing institutional-managerial indicators in the study areas. Decision-making and implementation in public affairs had the highest weight (0.15). Boolean logic model showed that only 0.6% of the area is suitable for policy and operational integration. These areas are mostly scattered in sections 10, 3 and 4 and separately. However, according to the results of the binary model and the overlap model of the multi-class index, 35% and 10% of the study area, respectively, are highly desirable, and these zones are more cohesive than the Boolean logic model. As it is obvious, the index overlap method (binary model and multi-class index overlap model) has more flexibility than Boolean logic model, and in this regard, solutions to improve urban organization with an institutional-managerial approach have been presented.

Tehran metropolis does not have a specific, defined and formal system for managing the institutional capacity of urban management; But this system is managed and transmitted by relying on the structures, methods and common norms of urban and rural governance. The fragmentation and fragmentation of urban management in the city of Tehran due to the different institutions and organizations that originate from the city government model, the lack of capacity for inter-institutional and intra-institutional interaction can be seen as the result of the official dominance of the power institutions and the non-alignment of informal institutions with their policies and programs. The purpose of the research is to policy the key factors and variables affecting the institutional capacity of urban management. The research method, from the point of view of the goal, is of the type of applied-developmental research, in terms of the main research methods, it is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. Also, the type of data in the research is a survey, and the main tool used to collect data is interviews with managers, experts of Tehran municipality and university professors in the form of a questionnaire, which is a suitable narrative tool. The sampling method in this study was simple random sampling and the sample size was determined to be 100 people with a measurement error of ten percent. The findings of the research show that the strongest component of the desired institutional capacity is the readability and transparency of laws and regulations, with an average of 3.37, and the lowest average belongs to the component of inter-institutional capacity, which indicates the weakness of the institutional capacity in Tehran metropolis. The results show that the components of communication resources and the ability of institutions have a far greater contribution compared to other components in predicting the dependent variable, such that a unit change in the standard deviation of communication resources and the ability of institutions causes the standard deviation of the variable to increase. dependent (institutional capacity of urban management) to change by 28 and 18 percent. While a unit change in the standard deviation of participation only causes the standard deviation of the dependent variable to change by 2%.

The COVID-19 virus-related catastrophes are on the rise around the world, and the threat and rising global economic costs that accompany them have made the disease a catastrophe and severely affected the vulnerable population. . Threats to urban life are doubly important today. while explaining the future status of the livability research in the metropolis of Tehran, in order to determine the possible future situations, the key factors and the relationships between them were analyzed and ranked. Based on this, the present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology, using the Delphi technique and consulting 30 experts, . By determining the key factors and input parameters, a total of 51 key drivers for Word were prepared in Micmac software. Of the 2,550 values calculated in the initial cross-matrix, 826 were highly impacted, 1,058 were moderately impacted, 666 were low-impact, and 51 were highly rated. Assessing the impact and effectiveness of key factors shows that among the six main factors, urban environment (S) and urban housing services and infrastructure (S), the most influential dimensions on the development of the metropolis of Tehran. Also, the 14 key and important drivers of air pollution variables (U1), the presence of vermin (U3), the life of public spaces (U6), the exchange of views of city managers in decisions related to issues and crises (M4), the necessary knowledge Citizens have been most important to participate in decision-making and decision-making in times of crisis (M5) as two-dimensional and influential variables.

International treaties are among the sources of international environmental law and one of the most important tools for the development of international law. Today, most treaties are in the field of international environmental law and it’s protection. The evolution and diversity of treaties subject to be evaluated in this context have been caused to follow the conventions of a member and on the other hand be considered holistically course of diplomacy in the process of implementing the treaties. The reason is the standard process of balance is necessary to maintain the status quo on the implementation and effectiveness of treaties. Therefore, since that all issues related to the environment and its effects on the Trans boundary Biosphere inclusive, it is therefore imperative that national and international multilateral studies and studies be carried out in the development of these treaties. In this context, this study aimed to assess and analyze recreating sustainable cities of the world, pays to the environmental impact on the future of environmental treaties Tehran, future studies in this field. This study seeks to answer the question, how could re-create synergies can be sustained mutual interaction between environmental treaties and Tehran? This interdisciplinary study paves the way for the growth and promotion of passive attitudes towards the indigenous environment.

The spatial distribution of the transmittancy of different types of urban centers at different scales is one of the main and strategic concerns of experts, managers and spatial political logisticians. Meanwhile, the production of urban safe space based on the spatial organization of the centers involved in urban security, under the effect of spatial factor of activism, and the analysis of the spatial distribution of sensitive centers also requires the identification of factors affecting the spatial distribution of sensitive metropolitan centers in Tehran with emphasis on passive defense. The present study attempted to identify these factors using qualitative and quantitative methods. This study is a descriptive-analytical type that uses a meta-synthesis method for identifying the first factors affecting the spatial distribution of sensitive metropolitan centers of Tehran with emphasis on passive defense and also employs quantitative methods to investigate and explore factors and verify the designed model. The statistical population of this study consisted of 140 elites, specialists and experts in the field of defense, political geography and urban planning. Statistical techniques were factor analysis, exploratory and confirmatory and SPSS and Lisrel programs were used in data processing. The results showed that 54 items were classified into eight main dimensions (1. economic factors, 2. socio- demographic factors, 3. privacy factors, 4. access to services and infrastructures, 5. nature-environment considerations, 6. factors related to military geography, 7. physical factors and 8. Political-administrative factors) with a coefficient of variance of 17, 14, 12, 9, 6, 7, 5 and 5 percent, respectively, explain 86/22 percent of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis also showed that all pathways were significant with 95% probability and the effect of exogenous latent variables on endogenous latent variables (octagonal dimensions) was significant. The chi-square statistic also showed the fitting of the designed model.

The metropolis of Tehran because it expresses the manifestation of people's beliefs and way of life and the result of their attitude; they can appear as identity factors for the people of this city. In this regard, the present study has studied the symbols of Tehran and its role in urban identity from the perspective of citizens of Tehran metropolis. Therefore, by survey method, with the statistical population of people aged 18 and over living in 22 districts of Tehran, a sample size (N= 400), in a possible way and by sampling method with a questionnaire whose reliability with Cronbach's alpha is 0.895. It was done. The results showed that the respondents' mental attitude towards urban identity between different age groups (5.315) and activity groups (4.243) has a significant difference at 99% confidence. Also, the score of the respondents' spatial attitude towards urban identity between different age groups (3.468) and activity groups (5.360) has a significant difference at 99% confidence level. The findings of this study also indicate the existence of a strong and significant relationship at 99% confidence between social capital and mental attitude of urban identity of Tehran citizens and the existence of a significant relationship between modernism and spatial attitude of urban identity at 95% confidence. Finally, the relationship between mental attitude and spatial attitude towards urban identity (with a correlation coefficient of 0.716) is positive and shows a direct and linear relationship between mental attitude and spatial attitude towards urban identity.

In recent decades, many efforts have been made on how to plan and design mid-range projects to improve the quality of life. The word endogenous has its roots in botany. Endogenous is a plant that develops unfinished with the growth of vascular and cellular tissue among existing tissues. Endogenous development is development that is determined from within the economy and by the system that guides the production process. Endogenous development is an autonomous development, but it does not mean going back to the past or isolation, but it means relying on oneself and interacting with the outside world. Endogenous "Delphi and Q" along with the "survey method" was of the "interview and questionnaire" type. The results of the present study show that spatial privacy, stylistics of Iranian indigenous architecture, indigenous construction patterns, national and Iranian identity, spatial flexibility, security and spatial privacy, indigenous materials and technology, facade, appearance status and type of materials, internal development through Attention to the construction and expectations and tastes of people from housing, internal development through attention to materials and technology, internal development through attention to internal, indigenous and national capacities in styles and social participation in architectural design and planning processes are the most important design criteria. Housing is endogenous with a development approach.

In recent decades, many efforts have been made on how to plan and design mid-range projects to improve the quality of life. The word endogenous has its roots in botany. Endogenous is a plant that develops unfinished with the growth of vascular and cellular tissue among existing tissues. Endogenous development is development that is determined from within the economy and by the system that guides the production process. Endogenous development is an autonomous development, but it does not mean going back to the past or isolation, but it means relying on oneself and interacting with the outside world. Endogenous "Delphi and Q" along with the "survey method" was of the "interview and questionnaire" type. The results of the present study show that spatial privacy, stylistics of Iranian indigenous architecture, indigenous construction patterns, national and Iranian identity, spatial flexibility, security and spatial privacy, indigenous materials and technology, facade, appearance status and type of materials, internal development through Attention to the construction and expectations and tastes of people from housing, internal development through attention to materials and technology, internal development through attention to internal, indigenous and national capacities in styles and social participation in architectural design and planning processes are the most important design criteria. Housing is endogenous with a development approach.

This study has been carried out in order to apply the Meta-SWOT as an applied and strategic model for planning and management of sustainable development and protection of Southern areas of Tehran metropolis. The present study is operational in respect of goal, and analytical and descriptive in respect of method. Method of collecting data, and their analyse has been in the form of measuring and library-based.
The results of this study showed that weight of internal and external resources and capabilities are not the same as the southern area resources and capabilities, so that area's integrated management factors, the Green Belt and private sector investment, with respective weights of 2.099, 1.440 and 1.230 are the highest weights, Indicating being valuable, and inimitable and having organizational fitness in comparison with other factors in sustainable development of boundaries of the Southern area.