the clash of civilizations

The formation of ISIS created developments in the Middle East. One of its consequences was the reviving of the extreme parties which were forgotten after World War II. By introducing ISIS as the (fake) representative of Islamic civilization, these parties sought to inspire this idea that ISIS is trying to target the values, civilization and culture of Western liberal democracy. The European fear of immigration, multiculturalism, terrorist attacks and political instability on the one hand, political instability and people's dissatisfaction with government institutions on the other hand led these parties gain some success in the elections. This paper seeks to answer this question that, how has ISIS's influence been in the acceptance of right-wing extremists in Europe? Using the theory of clash of civilizations in a descriptive-analytical manner, the findings Shows that ISIS has had a direct impact on the creation of extreme right-wing groups.

In recent years, America's foreign and military policies appear to be incompatible and contradictory. America, on the one hand, declares an anti-terror gesture and on the other hand, supports such terrorists as ISIS and Al-Qaeda not least in Iraq and Syria. this conflict reflects a theoretical basis behind creating war and terror in the world, called "the need to create the war in incompatible civilizations". This theory emphasizes two elements: the political economy of military-industrial complexes; and the Huntington's theory of clash of civilizations. these two elements cause US government to create and maintain a virtual enemy and to create perpetual war in Muslem war.
Reaserch method is the document-based analysis, drawing on three sources: USA national security strategy; empirical evidence on terrorist activities in Middle East and comparative analysis on them during and post Cold War Era; and causal ananlysis on measuring correlation between Middle Eastern state's military expenditure and their domestic conflicts.

After ending the cold war¡ the identity boundaries of nations that are specified based on the dependence on one of the political and ideological poles or independence on them ¡ have been changed and the role and importance of culture in identity finding process of nations have turned out to be more prominent . While the identity boundaries in the past were specified in terms of political¡ ideological and economic indexes¡ gradually the identity boundaries were formed based on cultural indexes and civilizational and cultural identity were determined as a distinguishing basis of political units. This paper seeks to specify the argument of contrast inside and outside of civilization in recent years based on the theory of clash of civilizations. The result of this paper confirms this assumption that in new circumstances¡ the one-sided process of globalization¡ equally has removed the cultural boundaries of societies and proceed in the direction of westernizing them¡ has caused social groups redefine its identity based on its separation from west and western culture and civilization and increase the rate of west fighting and retreating in cultural and civilizational identity finding process.

This research is a philosophical critique of Samuel Huntington’s The Clash of Civilizations and, an important theory in current discourse on international relations. According to Huntington, the world can be divided into several distinct civilizations and civilization beliefs/values will determine how countries will act towards each other. By drawing upon philosophical critique as a theoretical stance and methodological path, the text of Huntington’s theory was analyzed. In this theory, cultural essentialism can be found in two forms: monoculturalism and multiculturalism. While the research aims to identify specific discursive patterns, open them to criticism, and explain their existence in the text, it also discusses questions related to understanding of the nature, form and function of the clash of civilization discourse. Compacted within the theory is the ideology of cultural essentialism in their two components. The first is that there is a core set of basic beliefs that remains immutably important through time. The second is people of similar cultural background resort to these values, even if they migrate to other countries and in times of crisis, relative countries and emigrants will unite together. The findings show the leaders and their policies, rather than covert cultural beliefs are determining in political interaction and evolution. When a country’s culture values are seen as determining the actions of its political leaders, the importance of individual leadership and the supervisory power of nations are underestimated.