transparency

This study examines measures to prevent financial corruption in the banking system and aims to identify and analyze effective approaches to reduce and control financial corruption. To achieve this goal, analytical and descriptive methods have been used. Data have been collected through a review of existing literature, relevant laws and regulations, and an analysis of current practices in the banking system. The results show that financial corruption in the banking system requires multifaceted approaches due to its complex nature and the possibility of concealment. Two types of prevention, namely proactive prevention (including strengthening transparency, professional ethics, and supporting reporters) and situational prevention (including correct customer acceptance procedures and the use of information technology) have been identified as effective tools. Also, legislative response measures should be designed to effectively combat financial corruption. Ultimately, by implementing the proposed measures, including strengthening education and awareness, establishing support mechanisms, and developing information technology, financial corruption in the banking system can be effectively prevented and public trust in this system can be strengthened. These measures will not only help reduce corruption but will also lead to improved performance and transparency of the banking system.

One of the most basic institutions of the current democracy is the Parliament (Majlis). In democratic countries, there is a bicameral or unicameral parliament, elected or appointed, which represents the principle of representation of the people and national sovereignty. This institution has many names in many countries. In Iran's constitutional law system, the Islamic Council is considered a representative institution and fulfills its duties in two main ways: legislation and supervision. In this regard, this year, it is raised that what is the supervisory position of the Islamic Council in religious democracy? In response to this question and in the form of findings, it is stated that in the religious democracy ruling the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Majlis has five supervisory dimensions. These dimensions include institutional supervision, informational supervision, political supervision, financial supervision and discretionary supervision. The current research has been carried out with the analytical descriptive method and using the library and documentary method and using the constitution as the main sources.

Human development, as a multidimensional concept, is one of the key foundations of a country's development and can be instrumental in achieving the country's economic, social, and cultural objectives. The present research, using a descriptive-analytical method and a deductive approach based on the theoretical framework of good governance, seeks to answer the main and subsidiary questions: What impact has transparency had on human development indicators in Iran during the period from 2013 to 2021? And what is the relationship and correlation between transparency and human development indicators? The existence of high and low levels of transparency in Iran during this period has had a significant impact on human development indicators in society, and these effects have changed over time. There is generally a direct and positive correlation between transparency and human development indicators. This research aims to explore the relationship between human development indicators and transparency in society and provide an empirical analysis of the impact and relationship between these indicators and transparency. The findings of the study suggest that by enhancing transparency in the country's economic spheres through the expansion of modern information and communication technologies, along with the development of e-government and increasing public participation, and digitizing public services, transparency in society can be increased, thereby accelerating and facilitating the improvement of human development indicators.

Open local government, emphasizing three fundamental principles of transparency, participation, and accountability, aims to provide local services, develop local markets, enhance the quality of life for residents (citizens), and address environmental issues, among others. It seeks a space for democratic participation, civil dialogue, and building trust between local officials and the public. The goal of this research is to analyze the barriers to open local government in the country using a qualitative approach and thematic analysis, which faces challenges similar to new governance models in third-world countries, particularly in Iran. The study is based on semi-structured interviews and purposive sampling. The research community consists of 11 experts and scholars knowledgeable about this matter. Based on the findings from the interviews, the themes of barriers to open local government include 55 basic themes and 11 organizing themes categorized into three overarching themes: accountability, transparency, and participation. Identifying these barriers and raising awareness among elected local and regional officials, preventing corruption, enhancing the effectiveness of public services, and encouraging citizen participation through access to open data and better decision-making can help empower local government in Iran.

The global deployment of renewable energies has taken off and calls for a continuous increase in foreign investments and cooperation, particularly because many states cannot cover the costs and technological requirements of the energy transition on their own. Therefore, there should be policies and legal frameworks in place to protect and thereby promote foreign investments. International Investment Agreements (IIAs) can, ceteris paribus, contribute to this goal. These agreements contain a set of obligations that protect foreign investments against possible discriminatory or arbitrary conduct of the host states. This includes transparency obligations that can help to create a level playing field for national and foreign renewable energy investors. Unfortunately, the concept of transparency, and its inherent implications, has not been clearly defined to date, and its relationship with renewable energy investments is still under investigation. Therefore, it is important to realize the prevailing transparency obligations under IIAs, and the best practices that can better meet the particular requirements of renewable energy investments. Using a qualitative approach, this article intends to pursue this goal by providing an overview of the concept of transparency, exploring its status in the context of fair and equitable treatment (FET), and analysing favourable transparency clauses in the light of renewable energy investment considerations.

Good governance is a new discourse that is defined by components such as legality, participation, accountability, accountability, effectiveness and efficiency. Among the components of good governance, transparency is considered one of the most important elements to achieve good governance. Because society has this possibility. to decide on the situation in a transparent and noble atmosphere. Also, in this space, why and how the decisions are made are shown. The current research seeks to answer the question that the realization of transparency in the government penal organization is based on what mechanisms and what challenges are raised in this regard? The results of the research in this regard show that the mechanisms of the penal organization in line with transparency include the free circulation of information, accountability and the use of electronic government tools. Also, the lack of a special procedure for proceedings in the Penalty Organization, the overlapping of jurisdictions between the Governmental Penalty Organization and other judicial authorities, and legal ambiguities and loopholes are among the most important challenges in this field.

The purpose of the current research is to identify the challenges of realizing transparency in the Islamic Council. In terms of direction, this study is placed in the category of applied research and in terms of its nature is an exploratory research. Also, according to the type of data, it is considered qualitative. The statistical population of this research is made up of all scientific experts in the field of public policy (including all faculty members of universities and research institutes of the country with expertise related to decision-making and public policy) and executive experts (including all current and past representatives, and researchers focusing on the Islamic Council). The data collection tool included a semi-structured interview, desk research and a literature review. Using the theoretical sampling method, 18 interviews were conducted with scientific and executive experts in the field of public policy. Theme analysis and MAXQDA10 software were used for data analysis. Finally, using the theme analysis method, a multi-level diagram of the relationship between the exploratory themes of the research was extracted. It included: (the challenges of realizing transparency) with 211 basic themes, 10 organizing themes and 3 overarching themes (systemic, behavioral and environmental challenges).

Desirable governance under the discourse of modern Islamic civilization, which was one of the most fundamental and meaningful concepts that was formed in the context of the Islamic Revolution and then became a dominant discourse. The concept and development of the ideal governance requires the theorization of the components of government, its acquisition and issuance as a conceptual model that requires the explanation of the ideal governance according to the capacities of religious teachings. Using the descriptive-analytical method, this research addressed the question of what characteristics and components the ideal government has at the level of the Islamic revolution. In response to this hypothesis, the desired governance was proposed in line with the Islamic revolution based on Islamic teachings, which are elaborated in accordance with the capacities of today's humanity, with a twin view of the world and the hereafter, accountability, transparency, accountability, legality and the protection of citizen's rights. Drawing and regulating the relationships of human social life. Findings show. First, the indicators of good governance have a positive and significant relationship with the legitimacy of governments in different dimensions, especially the level of satisfaction of citizens. Secondly, the characteristics of good governance can be seen not only in religious teachings, but the grounds and tools for its realization during the four decades of the revolution are provided in accordance with the requirements of the society in legislation, justice and implementation. .

Today, transparency is a monitoring platform that creates a sense of being seen by the public. With the emergence of this feeling, officials change their behavior and as a result, deviations and corruption in the field of governance are reduced. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting transparency in the public sector. The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of its fundamental purpose and in terms of its nature and method, which is based on an exploratory approach. After conducting library and literature studies on the subject and also interviewing 23 professors, managers and executive specialists in government organizations, Baroosh analyzed the content of 13 effective factors of transparency in the public sector. Based on the results of this research, the indicators of unwillingness to be transparent in the governing institutions, increasing the level of media literacy in the society, demanding at the general level of the society, the commitment and adherence of the officials to religious and revolutionary foundations, the establishment of electronic government, seriousness in Implementation of laws related to transparency, the ever-increasing expansion of the Internet and mass media, the requirement to register information in national systems, effective supervision of responsible organizations (Inspection Organization, Accounts Court, etc.), changing educational approaches in the long term, forming strong parties. and their support, the inefficiencies caused by the lack of transparency and support of the media and the free flow of information were identified as factors affecting transparency in the public sector using thematic analysis.

Increasing transparency in government organizations and institutions' actions increases people's trust, and public participation, strengthens government institutions' legitimacy and acceptability, and aids in building social capital. The purpose of this research is to analyze the strategic drivers affecting the future of transparency in the Islamic Republic of Iran on the horizon of 1414. The current research is both descriptive and analytical, and its methodology is based on a hybrid approach of exploratory design (qualitative-quantitative). After conducting library and literature studies on the subject and interviewing experts, a list of effective factors for the future of transparency was obtained, and by Delphi method, these factors were reduced from 65 to 14. Utilizing the structural analysis method, the cross-effect matrix was designed, and by forming a panel of 20 experts and collecting their opinions about the influence of factors on each other, the data were entered into the matrix. Analyzing the data obtained from the matrix with MicMac software, the influence, impressionability, and effectiveness of each factor were evaluated. Based on the results of this research, five factors were identified: effective supervision of competent organizations; commitment and adherence of officials to religious and revolutionary principles; demands at the general level of society; support for media, a free press; and a free flow of information.

The purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between good governance and economic-social development, emphasizing the seventh document of development, from the perspective of university professors and doctoral students of Mazandaran University. In this article, two methods of survey research and grounded theory have been used. The statistical population consists of students on the one hand and professors specializing in the field of economic-social development on the other hand. The statistical population is all undergraduate, master's and doctoral students in the fields of sociology, political science, economics and law studying in Mazandaran University who are studying in the first half of 2011. The validity of the questionnaire has been assessed with face validity and data reliability using test, retest and Cronbach's alpha test. In surveying the data collection tool, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, and semi-structured interviews were used in the qualitative study. Hypotheses are formulated using the theory of good governance. The findings of the article indicate the existence of a strong meaningful relationship between the components of good governance (participation variables, rule of law, etc.). Also, specialization, elitism and innovation as intervening conditions and single-product economy lead to trust, cohesion, support and social participation, and the consequences of such actions and reactions are welfare, security, social justice and public education. According to these findings, it can be concluded that in good governance, giving priority to valid measures for political and administrative accountability, the freedom of the targeted and efficient judiciary, the freedom of information and the effective functioning of government organizations are of fundamental importance in the comprehensive development process of the country.

Transparency is one of the applied political-moral terms which has to be precisely delineated and delimited in terms of the standards to which one refers to make a true judgment on its truth or falsity in different circumstances. The research question of this paper is that whether transparency in the Islamic government can be taken to be a major principle or not. If so, what is the standard of transparency in the Islamic government regarding different things? As a matter of fact, the main question of this research which has been conducted drawing upon analytic-citation method is that how far and to what extent the functions of a ruler in the religious government should be transparent and how one can set a criterion for the necessity or lack of necessity of transparency in the functions of rulers or in the structure of the government. Findings of the research demonstrate that the standard of justice-security, together with the Muslim guardian jurist’s authoritative (wilāī) judgement can be regarded as a standard for discerning the realm of transparency in the religious government. According to this standard, as long as transparency does not contradict justice, transparency is a matter of urgency, though in certain cases where justice is difficult to discern, another complementary standard which is to be presented is security. According to this complementary element, as long as security – in varying aspects – is not questioned, transparency is urgent. However, in certain cases, due to the conflicts of interests, security may also not be defining. In this case, the authoritative judgement of a Muslim gurdian jurist which functions as a virtuous paradigm, will delimit boundaries of transparency.

Sustainable participation of the people in various fields is a necessary condition for the establishment of religious democracy. One of the important components that leads to the sustainable participation of the people in various political spheres is the transparent performance of political officials and institutions, which is called political transparency. In other words, political transparency is the basis for sustainable public participation, so that if transparency is achieved in all its features, popular participation and its fruits will be visible. Accordingly, the main question of the present study is formulated as follows: given the conditions and requirements of the Islamic Republic of Iran, how and by what strategies can the principle of political transparency lead to the promotion of sustainable popular political participation? In order to answer this question, first using the focus group methodology, the situation of public participation in Iran was pathologically examined and then with the focus on the principle of transparency, under three categories of political and legal, structural and technical, and cultural and social, an appropriate response to these harms was provided.

Transparency of electoral processes under the policy and rules of "transparency of political activities" in many countries has a specific mechanism and mechanism of implementation. One of the most important examples of transparency in a favorable election is the transparency of observers and executive processes in different stages of the election. The purpose of this article is to examine the transparency of supervisors and executive processes in accordance with current laws and regulations. The research is a descriptive-analytical method that has used documentary-library sources as well as the rules governing the election executive processes to prepare and review the data. The research question is that in the laws and regulations governing the executors, what harms lead to the impairment of transparency in the selection? The results show that transparency in determining the terms and conditions of how elections are held will play a key role in voting. In order for the conduct of the elections to be transparent, the duties of each of the executors, observers and other persons involved in the election process must be specified separately and monitored during the elections. Also, the lack of hierarchical supervision, the lack of independence of the election administration and the lack of a strategic attitude in the electoral laws are among the harms of the Iranian electoral system in terms of transparency.

The importance of transparency and information flow for the optimal performance of organizations and institutions is an issue that has been studied and emphasized in several studies over the past few decades. Today, transparency has become a common term in legislative and policy discussions. The aim of this study is to provide a transparent model of informing laws and policies through Iranian government systems so that we can use this analysis to move towards the implementation of good governance.

The method used in this research is a mixed or combined method. In summary, this method will use both a qualitative approach using the data theory theory method and a quantitative approach using a survey research method.

‌ Findings of this study Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the validity or reliability of the Transparent Scale for Laws and Policies. The alpha coefficient obtained for the whole scale is 0.954; Also, the reliability coefficient of the components ranged from 0.953 to 0.955, which is a good reliability coefficient, because coefficients of validity of 0.70 or more are usually sufficient for research purposes.

In general, the results showed that the psychometric properties of the transparent scale of laws and policies have been confirmed. Therefore, based on the research findings, the scale created to identify the transparent amount of laws and policies is a suitable and useful tool and can meet the needs of researchers in the field of transparent laws and policies through Iranian government systems.

The purpose of the research is to validate IPC oil contracts according to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In general, companies investing in oil and gas are looking for investments in countries that provide the least amount of conflicts and the most financial added value. The production participation contract in Iran's oil industry has not yet achieved its real status due to legal obstacles. Critics consider some conditions and points to be the reason for the non-compliance of this contractual method with the content of some principles of the constitution and claim that this contractual method causes foreigners to dominate the country's oil and gas resources.Another criticism of the critics is the conflict with principles 44 and 45 of the Constitution. Also, the contract model conflicts with principles 77, 152 and 153 of the Constitution. The findings of this article show that the general conditions of the new model of oil contracts do not conflict with the principles and provisions contained in the constitution, so there is no restriction or prohibition in using the new contracts in terms of conflict with the principles of the constitution. The constitution and the current laws of the country consider the use of other methods of oil contracts with the characteristics of participation in production to be okay, provided that conditions are met. Revision of contract patterns with the aim of creating attractiveness in these contracts is one of the results of this research.

The specific characteristic of the world is the recent developments that have complicated the practice of governance. In the same way, countries need a more sophisticated mechanism to guide the link between institutions in line with their vision. On the other hand, government stability is the central notion of political stability. In this regard, every government is trying to stabilize its authority. Therefore, This essay seeks to know:• should some of the shortcomings of Iran's governance be considered as the results of its governance structure or otherwise, agents and processes?
• Focusing on the reconstruction of which sector can have a tremendous impact on reforming the governance situation?
• What is credible approach to reconstruction?
• What are the characteristics of a successful model and what are the requirements for reconstruction?
In accordance with the principle of future studies, to understand a problem, the analysis should be directed to different levels of the problem. In strategic foresight, the method of causal layer analysis is the method for analyzing the depth of a case study. This essay seeks to analyze the issues in different layers. However, the current essay, based on the findings of its method is focused on the layer of social systems.
Every governance model must have "internal logic", "structural coherence", "executability" and compliance with the "cost and benefit" rule; Examining the trends of the world governance theater proves that to solve the problems, the governance structures should be reconstructed with a network approach. Accordingly, by designing the four-ring model, structural coherence was achieved in the governance space; In addition to expressing the existing image of the problem in the country, the implementation capability of the model was also guaranteed by matrix designing, while through the formation of the feedback and effect system, the governance model was founded on the basis of the "cost and benefit" rule.

One of the most important obligations of good governance is to guarantee citizens' rights, and in this regard, transparency is one of the main pillars of good governance, which can be an effective mechanism to support the political, economic, social and cultural rights of citizens, and a valuable solution to fight against a sinister phenomenon such as corruption. It is one of the most important challenges of any society. The valuable book of Nahj al-Balagheh is one of the most complete books after the Holy Qur'an, which includes the teachings of how to live and how to manage, and it does not leave any aspect of life unsaid. Therefore, the current research has investigated the model of transparent governance based on the teachings of Nahj al- Balagheh. The method of conducting this research is practical in terms of its purpose, and in terms of the method of data collection, it is part of descriptive and field research. It is worth mentioning that the model of transparent governance based on the teachings of Nahj al- Balagheh includes 4 indicators of religious transparency, behavioral transparency, structural transparency, economic transparency and also 58 components under these indices. In order to conduct the field study of the model, 428 students of master's degree, doctorate, and faculty members of Tehran, Mazandaran, Qom, and Semnan universities were selected as the statistical population using available sampling method. To analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural model tests were used in LISREL 8.80 software. The results of statistical tests indicated that all four indicators of religious transparency, behavioral transparency, structural transparency and economic transparency have a positive and significant relationship with the variable of transparent governance based on the teachings of Nahj al- Balagheh. In addition, the correlation between each index and the transparent governance variable is P=0.83; T= 7.56 for economic transparency, P= 0.80; T= 6.80 for religious transparency, P= 0.73; T= 5.26 for behavioral transparency and P= 0.65; T = 4.90 was determined for structural transparency. The results of this research indicate that according to the factors obtained, the strengthening of each of the indicators of economic transparency, religious transparency, behavioral transparency and structural transparency respectively leads to the improvement of transparent governance in the society.

This study, by emphasizing the model of good governance, has sought to explain its position in the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting by focusing on the concept of transparency and the fight against corruption. The research was a mixed type and in the first part, in order to identify the evaluation criteria, thematic analysis of interviews with 18 experts who were selected by purposeful judgment was used. Also, in the second part of the research, the technique of surveying the opinions of 384 managers and experts in the field of media was used to evaluate the performance of the organization based on the identified criteria, which were selected by available means. Based on the thematic analysis, the interviews in the form of open and centralized coding have led to the discovery of 20 criteria and performance indicators. Proper information, political education and awareness, media independence, non-monopoly, appropriate model and structure, resistance to deviations, paying attention to the demands of civil society, strengthening civil society, being productive and real, holding specialized roundtables, observing neutrality, Revealing economic corruption, producing media content, reducing the gap between the government and the people, transparency within the organization, paying attention to the public interest, being accountable to civil society, monitoring the performance of the government, being a leader, creating culture. The basis for calculating validity indices was excluded from the analysis.

Transparency, as one of the new concepts in the last century, has attracted the attention of many scientists as one of the indicators of good governance. In Islamic researches, there have been many researches about matching the characteristics of good governance with Islamic thought. This research with the topic of "the place of transparency in good governance in Alevi thought" examines and applies the component of transparency in the governance and thought of Imam Ali (a.s.). This research has put Nahj al-Balagha as the basis for the study of Alawite thought and aims to answer the question of what place transparency has in Alawite thought and governance. For this research, thematic analysis method has been used as one of the most widely used data analysis methods. After studying and investigating, transparency in Alevi thought was divided into two sections: "The content of transparency in Alevi thought and governance" and "Necessities of transparency in Alevi thought and governance" and the results of the research show that in Alevi thought and governance Transparency has been at the highest possible levels and it has been explicitly mentioned.