tunisian revolution

The popular uprisings that started in Tunisia at the end of 2010 and soon spread to several Arab countries caused a huge change in the structure of these countries. Tunisia and Egypt, which were at the center of these protests, said goodbye to the lifetime governments of Zain al-Abidin bin Ali and Hosni Mubarak, and a new path for society and governance was created in these two countries. This research aims to investigate the role of civil society in the post-revolution era in Tunisia and Egypt and tries to answer the question of how to compare the functioning of civil society in these two countries. In this research, descriptive-analytical method and Habermas' theory of civil society were used. The findings of the research show that historically, civil society in both Tunisia and Egypt has had a relative dynamic, however, the roots of civil society in Tunisia are deeper than in Egypt. In the post-revolution era, Tunisian civil society played the role of mediator and resolution of differences between political groups, and in the crises created for Tunisia, this civil society had the necessary cohesion and strength to solve problems. But the civil society in post-revolutionary Egypt became a side of the conflict and by consolidating the rebellion movement, it created a favorable opportunity for a military coup. In addition, unlike Tunisia, civil society was fragmented and incoherent both before and after the 2013 coup.

 The Tunisian revolution in late 2010 was one of the most important shifts in the Middle East in the 21st century. In addition to influencing Tunisia domestic politics, it has also affected the Middle East. However, the hallmark of the Tunisian revolution and subsequent developments has been the existence of large-scale discourses that have sometimes conflicted. In this regard, considering the importance of the subject of this research, it has been tried to answer the central question of what major discourses have dominated the Tunisian revolution. In parallel with this question, the research aims to test the hypothesis the Tunisian revolution was influenced by the two processes of globalization and Islamism, the two discourses of democracy and Islamism dominated as the two dominant discourses on the Tunisian revolution. In addition to depicting the dominant discourses based on the post-revolutionary context, the findings also indicate that Tunisia shifts are moving towards a Tunisian identity that ultimately seeks to establish itself within a national state. The research method is descriptive and analytical and the data collection method is based on library and internet search.

Researchers believe that four decades after the Islamic Revolution, Brinton's theory, which has been brought into consideration in explaining revolutions, has not been much in line with this revolution. It is therefore important to research the extent to which this theory is consistent with other revolutions in the Muslim world. The question in this article is: to what extent does Brenton's theory fit with the Tunisian and Egyptian revolutions? The results of the two revolutions' concordance with this theory show that at the stage of the preliminary signs of the revolution are: economic growth, class struggles, change of intellectual allegiance, inefficiency of the machine of the Government, inadequacy of the former ruling class. These norms to some extent may be explained in the cases of the two mentioned revolutions. but in the second stage of Brinton's theory, which includes the post-revolutionary theoretical framework contains the periods of the moderates, extremists, the age of terror and ultimately the Thermidor, it may not be in agreement with them .