virtual space

National security and related crimes are an important part of the concern of any political system, which has gained new dimensions due to the expansion of cyber space. Security is the bedrock of any society's growth, and people have always used all their material and spiritual tools and resources to achieve it, and with this motive, they have formed a government. The need for security is the most basic human need after physical needs, and it is only by having security that individual and collective growth and advancement can be realized. For this reason, important concepts such as national security, citizens' security, and security in political, social, cultural and economic dimensions, etc., have cast a shadow on the literature of international relations. National security is a multi-dimensional concept, complex and has different elements and signs that every political system from the point of view of ideology, constitution and attitude of political leaders towards the people, the political systems in the world and the international system, has a special perception of it has Several definitions of national security have been presented, most of which classical definitions refer to the absence of war and military threats against a country or the protection of borders from physical threats. This means that national security is achieved when a country can maintain its basic values while avoiding war. But over time and with the change in the ways of realizing security and the expansion and multiplication of threats, new definitions of national security have been presented, which have paid more attention to the civilian aspects and include environmental security, collective security, cyber security, technological security, etc. have presented as new dimensions of national security. This means that if a political system cannot establish cyber security in a good way, it will raise many threats against that country. In this case, defining national security in today's world is a difficult task and requires consideration of time and place and effective tools in providing security on the one hand and ways to provide it in the current situation on the other hand. In any case, every political system to ensure its national security is faced with tools that can be both threatening and considered an opportunity to promote and strengthen national security. One of these important tools is virtual space. A tool that, with the help of the Internet and communication media, has made cyber and virtual security one of the basic concerns of political systems in the contemporary era. This means that an important part of the threats and opportunities related to national security comes out of cyber space. A simple event in a country, which few people knew about before, quickly spreads in different parts of the world and starts a wave of threats against that country. Specifically, this procedure is also applicable to the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Due to the ethnic, religious, linguistic and social diversity of the Iranian society, as well as the specific political procedure that governs the society, there are many threats in cyberspace. Therefore, an important part of these threats seek to create a crisis and threaten national security. This means that by highlighting the existing problems and their permanent plan in the virtual space, they double the social costs of a problem. Considering the above, dealing with crimes against national security becomes doubly important. However, according to the current research, dealing with threats to national security does not always require a criminal and judicial mechanism, but there are also social, deterrent and citizen role-playing methods that can be used to reduce crimes against national security. Or prevented them from happening. One of these tools is capacity building of citizenship rights. Also, citizenship rights, as one of the influential components in the society, also affects the process of crimes against national security in cyberspace, which is the focus of the present research. The question is, what capacities do citizens' rights have to deal with crimes against national security in cyberspace? In this article, the descriptive and analytical method is chosen as the research method and the data collection tool is library. Considering these cases and the importance of citizen's rights in dealing with crimes against national security in cyber space, it should be said that the findings of the research have shown that based on the rights of citizens in the constitution and taking into account rights such as freedom, security and the rule of law It is necessary to consider special rights for ethnic and religious groups, to consider legal and legal considerations such as smart filtering to prevent the formation of a second (lawless) government in cyberspace, and also to use the capacity of celebrities to deal with threats and crises. Internal and external. In addition, the results of the research show that based on the use of the capacities of citizens' rights to deal with crimes against national security, we need to consider the three aspects of governance, public and people, and pay attention to the role of specific groups (political and socio-cultural). This means that it is possible to use the capabilities of citizen rights such as security to justify the effective role of the government in smart filtering, dealing with crimes against national security and criminal content as a form of governance. In the next stage, the role of citizens and their participation can be used as a public resource. This means that if cyber citizenship can be considered as an effort for the presence of citizens in a new context, the responsibility of citizens in this field will also undergo changes. Considering the legal participation of citizens in dealing with cyber threats and crimes against national security, "internet patrolling" is necessary to monitor anti-national security activities that even violate principles 24 to 26 of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The design of this solution is due to the compatibility of the solution (cyber citizen internet browsing) with the risks that occur in cyber and virtual space. In other words, threats also require countermeasures of their own kind so that, in addition to the participation of citizens, the dangers caused by crimes against national security can be brought to the attention of legal and judicial authorities as soon as possible. But the other side of dealing with crimes against national security from the perspective of citizen rights is to ward off potential threats in areas that need more attention due to social and political consequences, which have turned into concrete dangers today thanks to the expansion of cyber space. Therefore, identifying ethnic groups, making their demands and demands in the virtual space and using media capacities is an important measure to create a kind of national cohesion and deal with threats against national interests and security. It means that by linking national and ethnic identity through granting special rights and respecting ethnic plurality and diversity through the right to use the mother tongue for teaching or having a national media to ward off threats against national security. Another measure is to use the capacity and position of reference groups such as celebrities or other reference groups so that they can connect the general public to support the national identity in critical situations. In this way, it should be said that all three aspects of governance measures, public and considering the role of special groups in dealing with crimes against national security are important and vital from the point of view of citizen's rights.The composition.

Undoubtedly, one of the biggest technological developments in the current era is the phenomenon called virtual networks. The emergence of new forms of communication influenced by virtual networks has become the foundation of new social spaces. Borderless spaces that affect social relationships and give new meaning to communication and cause transformation in social interactions.The aim of the current research is a sociological analysis of the impact process of virtual social networks on basic economic protests. This research is applied and its method is mixed (quantitative-qualitative). Purposive sampling method, the statistical population of the research includes experts, senior experts, managers and commanders related to the field of virtual space and the management of protests and disturbances, and the sample size also includes 30 people. In the first stage of the research, using interviews with 30 From the statistical population, the impact processes of virtual social networks on economic-based protests were identified. In the second and third stages, the impact process identified by the Delphi group (30 people) was examined; In these two stages, the processes with at least 70% positive answers were kept for the next stage. In the fourth step, the factors identified in the previous three steps were ranked using a five-choice Likert questionnaire, and finally, SPSS and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The research findings indicate that : One of the important components of virtual social networks in popular protests of the basic economy is the way to know and attract the audience.

Considering the feeling of need to access information and news and correspondingly expanding Iranians' acceptance of virtual space and social networks, as well as the need of intelligence organizations for this access, attention to its threats and opportunities should also be considered. One of the characteristics of some non-Iranian social networks is the unavailability of the information of its users or administrators. This issue can severely threaten national security. From this point of view, the statesmen and policy makers of the virtual space are determined to minimize the amount of these threats with different solutions and methods. Among the policies adopted in this field is the filtering policy, which seems to have failed to significantly prevent employees from joining non-Iranian social networks and, as a result, maintain a safe space in the internal cyber borders. Therefore, in this research, we decided to investigate the security threats of these networks on intelligence organizations and filtering policies in Iran and investigate the factors of its complete lack of success.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data has been collected and analyzed using the library method.

It seems that globalization and the requirements for global identification have caused the tendency of Iranians and intelligence organizations (in line with their mission) to foreign virtual networks, as well as the lack of sufficient infrastructure and written documents in the field of virtual space, as well as the political culture of Iranians, policy makers and Pro-global village and liberal-minded managers have made the filtering policy difficult; Therefore, in this field, it poses various threats to the intelligence community and Iranian society; At the end, suggestions, strategies and solutions are presented.

 Cognitive warfare is the field of public opinion management by an institution, organization, actor, government or government that can influence the thoughts and perceptions of that society. In this war, especially the virtual space is used in order to change the way people think, and to change the thoughts, the structure of thoughts and minds, no tool works like the virtual space, as it affects the innermost and personal spaces and Individuals and communities have entered and can send their own message to change thoughts and influence these types of things. This space has various functions, including cultural, social and especially political functions, which are important and should be investigated.The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the political functions of virtual space (social networks) in the field of cognitive warfare. This mixed research has been carried out in the field of cognitive warfare in terms of purpose, application and descriptive method. The method of collecting required data and information is library, documentary and field. Its statistical population is army and national experts in the fields of virtual space and cognitive warfare, who have been active in this regard, and 21 experts were selected as a sample using the snowball method. In this regard, the relevant questionnaires were distributed among the statistical population in the form of full numbers and using the fuzzy Delphi approach, 12 components were identified.The results of the research show that the function of "social networks as the main tool and driver of riots and political revolutions", "a tool of civil resistance" and "the role of social networks in the occurrence of various revolutions in the world" as the most important political functions of virtual space in war. were cognitively identified and ranked.

The failure of ISIS' Jihad Fatah strategy caused a new terrorist strategy to be placed on the agenda of Islamic fundamentalists, based on which a new organizational structure is formulated according to the intelligence elites of the rivals. This issue has caused the speeding up of attacks, the secret nature of these attacks, the use of virtual layers of internet communication, membership and internet operations, and the ability of security organizations to deal with these groups has greatly decreased. In recent years, extremism, fundamentalism, and terrorism have spread throughout the ideological spectrum with a "post-organizational" process, and in this process, with the increase of online activities, the membership and support of specific groups have become more ambiguous, and the growth of transnational movements has flowed more fluidly. Terrorist attacks are carried out by people who have no clear connection with identified organizations; But a similar method and common ideology can be seen in all of them. With the assumption that extremism will spread in the form of "post-organizationalism" in the coming years, this article aims to answer the question of what are the components, variables and structure of modern terrorism based on post-organizationalism. The purpose of this article is to analyze the strategies and virtual functions of post-organizational fundamentalism as the fourth generation of Islamic fundamentalism using the explanatory method.

Virtual social networks have various effects on users. This research has addressed the effects of virtual social networks on the organizational performance of the employees of a military force. The main goal of this research is to identify and explain the effects of virtual social networks on the organizational performance . The main research question is: What are the effects of virtual social networks on the organizational performance of the employees of a military force? The research is of applied type, the methods of carrying out descriptive and case research are contextual. The statistical population of the research consists of documents and documents related to the subject of the research, as well as experts and experts in the fields of management and virtual space inside and outside Aja, . The size of the statistical population is estimated to be around 250 people, and based on Cochran's formula, the size of the sample population is determined to be 72 people.. The required information was collected by qualitative (documents and interviews with eight experts) and quantitative (questionnaire) methods and analyzed with a mixed approach. The results of the research show that virtual social networks have a positive effect on the organizational performance of employees of a military force by "increasing organizational communication and interactions" and "increasing the awareness and organizational training of employees" and by "weakening organizational culture" and "reducing the service motivation of employees" on the organizational performance of employees. It has a negativeeffect .

The main purpose of this article is to investigate the impact of information technology policy rules and regulations in Iran on the interaction and fight against malicious content, national interests, and the country's security. In this regard, this article analyzes the challenges and benefits of information technology policy in virtual space in Iran. The research method in this article is the analysis of related texts using the library method and the collection of valid data. According to the analysis, the obtained results show that the policy of information technology and virtual space in Iran is carried out in order to maintain security and balanced access to information. But at the same time, it also comes with challenges, which include controlling abnormal information and ensuring order and security in cyberspace. The general result of this article shows that in the era of globalization, information technology policy making in virtual space in Iran requires the formulation of appropriate laws and regulations. Also, proper training and information to users and community members plays an important role in promoting the safe and responsible use of cyber space. And coordination between institutions and organizations, and monitoring the performance and similar events inside and outside of Iran, and determining the national strategy in this area is also necessary. The use of information technology infrastructure, greater transparency and coordination with international communities are also important factors in information technology policy in cyberspace in Iran. By simultaneously pursuing these issues and cooperating with other countries, policymakers can improve performance in this area and achieve sustainable development and smart growth in cyberspace in Iran.

This research seeks to find out whether globalization and the virtual network strengthen ethnic political movements, cultural and identity crises in Iran (the target society of West Azarbaijan province) or whether it is due to cultural assimilation. At the global level, will conflicts, local and political ethnic identities decrease? The present article is descriptive and analytical in terms of its practical purpose and method. The hypothesis of the article is that “globalization and the emergence of the network space has accelerated the process of politicization of identity, ethnicity and the emergence of cultural challenges for the cultural and value system of societies”. It has also caused all relationships to be separated from their social and spatial context, and the experience of the compression of space and time has caused the phenomenological shrinking of the world. The formation of a networked global society has weakened, eroded and collapsed any boundaries such as geography, politics and culture, so that it has prevented the traditional connection between the individual and the society and it has made traditional and local identification difficult in the global realm.

Security is one of the most basic needs for humans and its absence is a big challenge for human societies. On the other hand, virtual space and internet social networks are one of the most important tools for showing the effects of globalization. This virtual space creates a wide field of information and different semantic expressions. Virtual social networks can have positive and negative effects in the communication process.

The research method of this research is applied and its method is based on descriptive-analytical method. In order to collect the required data, documentary and field methods (questionnaire) have been used. The population of statistics, the users of the questionnaire was 200 social network users of Kerman city. The sampling method was random and multi-stage cluster type. It has been used to measure 17 items in the form of 4 indicators. Also, data analysis has been done using T, correlation coefficient and regression analysis methods.

The results of the research show that 4 social security indicators are above the average level from the point of view of cyberspace users, and there is also a strong and statistically significant correlation between the social security indicators.

Celebrities are well-known people within or across the national borders of a country. Now the upcoming research is trying to deal with the influence of celebrities on society, especially in political and social issues, so this research seeks to answer the question, what are the reasons for the influence of celebrities in political and social issues? In order to investigate the topic of the present research, it investigates the society's tendency towards celebrities in social and political issues with the descriptive-analytical method and by using library and internet tools. The findings indicate that the influence of celebrities as a serious competitor with other traditional bases of influence in societies is of great importance, especially with the expansion of society's access to modern technologies, because celebrities are considered to be popular due to their close relationship with people in society, attracting large audiences and Orienting public opinion has influenced political and social thought and behavior.

In the new era, virtual media are becoming big empires and virtual space is the space of great powers. The logic and environment of war, traditionally based on the logic and environment of war, has been transformed in the virtual space. If before, the logic of winning the war was traditional, having more physical forces and physical tools. (Although this logic is still strong and weak), but without a doubt, the emergence of the virtual environment has caused a fundamental change and formation in this logic. This space has created power as soft power and this technology has made many fields of confrontation different from the past. in such a way that every soft action is supported by soft power; In such a way that soft power is necessary and necessary for each other. The Islamic Republic of Iran has a soft power base whose foundations are formed by its leadership, Iranian and Islamic culture and identity, connected and organized masses that have a high ability to integrate and mobilize, virtual space has served the opposition front of the Islamic Revolution. The present article was carried out with the aim of the role of virtual space in increasing soft power (case study: Islamic Republic of Iran) with descriptive-analytical method and using library resources.

Social networks have become one of the serious threats to the national security of countries in many political, security, economic, social and cultural dimensions, and identifying their effects is very important; Therefore, the current research aims to answer the question, “What is the effect of social networks on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?” and providing a suitable conceptual model based on the foundation’s data theorizing method (qualitative analysis) and the above topic was analyzed in five axes of causal conditions, land conditions, intervening conditions, strategies (actions and reactions) and consequences. In this regard, first, the basics and related literature were collected through field observations and library documents, and all significant concepts were extracted and coded in the MAXQDA 1 software, and then, by combining and clustering similar codes., macro categories and influencing factors were calculated. In order to validate the above factors, the results were discussed and analyzed in focus groups consisting of professors and relevant experts, and 70 experts in this field were determined as a statistical sample, and by obtaining expert theories through a questionnaire tool (also interviews with 15 experts), their quantitative analysis was evaluated according to the “Chi test”, the level of significance and accuracy of the factors. In the following, by categorizing the factors in the five axes of causal conditions, land conditions, intervening conditions, strategies (actions and reactions) and consequences, a “conceptual model of the influence of social networks on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran” was drawn and presented. The results of the research showed that social networks have a significant impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its threatening process is also increasing and is moving towards weakening national security. This issue has been going on in all areas of national security, including cultural, social, political, economic and security, and the trend of people using social networks has increased the gap between the government and the society, reducing the supervision and control of the government over economic activities and affecting the lifestyle and It will be culture.

The information technology revolution took place in 1990 extensive changes in the structure of societies were provided by governments, the government of Iran was not immune from these changes. In this article, after referring to the political philosophy of information technology based on the public policy approach of GM Schaferitz and Christopher P. Break the three stages of philosophy, doctrine and politics, within each structure (independent variable) by genealogy and qualitative analysis; Finally, the impact and role of government construction on the cyberspace policy-making process (dependent variable) has been analyzed. Iran consists of four layers of government (theocratic, democratic, bureaucratic and military). The existence of different layers of government construction and differences in philosophy, doctrine and politics in each structure have led to multiple policies in the Iranian government. Finally, a High Council of Executive Agents has been proposed to prevent duplication of work.