challenge

One of the important factors of tension and conflict between political units is geography and geopolitics. Due to its geographical and geopolitical location in the South West Asia region, Iran has always been the focus and greed of superpower countries, and the occurrence of the eight-year war also indicates this situation. Considering this position and position, political and international conflicts and the occurrence of military war will undoubtedly be imagined again. This research is aimed at identifying, explaining and prioritizing the most important geopolitical challenges of Iran during the holy defense era, in order to find the answer to the question; What are Iran's geopolitical challenges in the era of holy defense? have been. The type of research based on its nature is descriptive-analytical and it was done quantitatively and qualitatively (mixed). The ranking of the options was done with the multi-indicator decision-making method, and the hierarchical analysis method was used to weight the indicators. By examining the available records and documents, numerous geopolitical challenges of the country have been identified at three national, regional and international levels, and by interviewing experts, the effective challenges have been determined, and then a researcher-made questionnaire The purpose of prioritization and explanation of the most effective challenge factors was designed using the hierarchical analysis method of AHP and completed by asking the opinions of experts and technical experts. According to the findings, it was determined that Iran's geopolitical challenges in the war imposed on three national levels such as: (territorial and territorial factors, geoeconomics, geo culture, political, geostrategy and military), regional and international levels. International factors such as: (territorial, geo-economic, geo-cultural, political, geo-strategic and military factors) can be divided and investigated.

This research seeks to identify the challenges of the Islamic Republic of Iran achieving the desired order in West Asia. For this purpose, the framework of "causal layered analysis" was used, which were divided into four layers: litany, systemic, discourse and myth. The research method is mixed (qualitative and quantitative) that through library study and the use of expert panel, the desired indicators of challenges in all four layers were identified and their importance in each layer was determined through a questionnaire. To complete the questionnaire, a population of 25 who were purposefully selected answered the questions. The research results show that out of 111 identifiers, 44 identifiers are in the litany, 39 identifiers are in the systemic layer, 11 identifiers are in the discourse layer, and 17 identifiers are in the mythic layer. Also, the discourse layer with 4.804, took the highest average of the respondents in Friedman's test. The priority of the indicators also shows the indicator "the strong role of extra-regional military and security institutions and organizations such as NATO in regional equations" in Litani layer, the indicator "lack of indigenous collective security system" in the systemic layer, the indicator "discourse conflicts of revolutionary political Islam, Salafi Islam and Ikhwani Islam on the nature of regional order" in the discourse layer and representing the "dominance of the myth of good and evil over the strategic culture of regional governments" are the most important challenges for the Islamic Republic to achieve the desired order in West Asia.

The economy is the driving engine of politics and budget, the government's financial plan for implementing governance policies during the fiscal year. In order to establish the concept of sustainable development in adopted policies, the budget document must be drafted and approved together with the goals of sustainable development. The question here is what factors in the current budgeting system disrupt the aforementioned process? A process in which, despite the provision and allocation of budget, it does not achieve the goals of sustainable development. The most important conclusion of this study is that the budgeting system as a tool for implementing policies related to the sustainability of development are facing challenges that are mainly a function of the problem of not adhering to macro policies and also not paying attention to the financial realities in the resources and expenses sector, and until these two important issues are resolved, the adopted policies will not be resolved.

The collapse of the bipolar system and the September11,2001event have created a turning in the structure of the international system that one of its fundamental consequences is the power gap in favor of theUnited States that has led to the emergence of new security issues in the contemporary world.The present research aims to analyze the most important international structural challenges and their main consequences after the cold war using the aggressive neo- realism theory and a descriptive- analytical method. The findings of research show that in the post- cold war era,the United states to maintain the status quo and continue to prevail by adopting a unilateralist and militaristic approach,the establishment of space forces,increasing military costs,exporting weapons,and expanding military presence in different parts of the world.This country has weakened the international institutions and multilateralism by instrumental useof international organizations and withdrawing from treaties.It has increased the competition with other great powers and has established new coalitions,organizations and groups with Eastward politics,the plan to reinforce the idea of a new Europe versus the old Europe,decrease the reliance on permanent institutions and form temporary alliances while diverging with some of its allies inNATO.

But according to the exercise of legislative authority by the Islamic Council, in most cases in recent years and the current situation of Iran with challenges such as; The non-transparency of the delegation of legislative authority, the multiplicity of legislative and decision-making institutions, the lack of determination of the hierarchy of legal norms, the impossibility of the Parliament's supervision over the laws approved by the Supreme Councils, etc., have been faced. The main research question is that; What are the solutions to solve the challenges of applying the jurisdiction of the Islamic Council in the framework of political relations between the parliament and the government and other decision-making institutions? The main hypothesis of the research is that; In the face of the government and other decision-making institutions or in cases where it has the authority to delegate according to the constitution, the Islamic Council must act in order to interact in order to approve appropriate and non-conflicting laws and in order to prevent the inflation of laws. While examining the challenges in the exercise of the legislative authority of the Islamic Council, this article deals with the existence of several ambiguities in the ways out of the challenges of the exercise of the legislative authority of the Parliament, and by clarifying the dimensions of the challenges and their examples in order to get out of the legislative limitations of the Parliament and transparency. The hierarchy of legal norms provides appropriate solutions.

Foreign policy is a set of views, policies, strategies, criteria and positions in the international world. The aim is to examine and compare the foreign policy from of the candidates` point of view. The main question is what is the view and stance of each of the candidates towards foreign policy. The research method is content analysis and its type is a case study on the fourth debate on "foreign policy". The statistical population and the sample also include 20,622 words. The findings of the research show that the candidates did not use scientific terms in explaining the political manifesto sufficiently and they did not have a scientific program about theory, hypothesis, policy, perspective, etc. The candidates mostly shared opinions about harmony, unity, justice and participation and paid attention to the geopolitical situation of Iran, but they differed from each other in terms of methods and attitudes and focused more on discussion, controversy, defense, negation, proof, protest, claim, criticism, towards each other and have tried to prove their superiority or drive the competitor out of the field with more rhetorical tricks.

If we look at the map of the countries of the region, especially the four countries of Syria, Iran, Iraq and Turkey, as well as the dispersion of the Kurds, we find that these countries are located in one of the most critical regions of the world. In recent decades, major crises have occurred in this region. The crises that the Kurds themselves have born them of. Iraqi Kurdistan is located in the pull and thrust of three cultural and civilization fields, Iranian, Arab and Turkish. The mentioned fields are ideological fields with technocratic-oligarchic attitudes, which minimizes the ability to be absorbed in the field for the Kurds. The present research, answering the main question that is, the impact of the emergence of ISIS in the Kurdistan region of Iraq on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran, examines the environmental awareness and bilateral relations between Iran and Iraqi Kurdistan in the ISIS crisis, and the opportunities and challenges of this crisis on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Analyzes. The research method is a combination of the researcher's field experiences and the use of library resources. According to the findings of the research, the challenges such as: the presence of groups hostile to the Islamic Republic of Iran “the Democratic Party of Iran, Komleh Party, P.K.K” and other groups, the ethnic issue of the Kurds and then the dream of forming a greater Kurdistan, the increasing openly and secretly relations of the Kurds with America and the Zionist regime, creating a safe backyard for the activities of the secret branches of ISIS terrorist groups are more than the opportunities which is one of the most important national security challenges of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.

Social progress and in parallel the challenges ahead in the Islamic Republic have always been a point that has been considered by the Imams of the Revolution during these years, in terms of the importance of the issue in this article with the aim of extracting indicators and advanced social components. By drawing its challenges in the social dimension, it has been done by relying on the security thought of Imam Khomeini. For this reason, the main issue of this research is to know the social ideas of Imam Khomeini; Because by recognizing the social ideas of Imam Khomeini (ra) and its progress and challenges, it is possible to obtain theories in different dimensions and use them in practice.This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical type that content analysis technique has been used to analyze the findings. In the field of research findings, the progress of this field was explained by examining the social pillars of Imam Khomeini's thought, which include the Islamic government, people and statesmen, and challenges and weaknesses were expressed. Imam Khomeini's thought was drawn and explained.

The following paper is an attempt to represent the challenges and obstacles of cultural engineering in the field of cohesion and unity in the Islamic world. This article, organized by descriptive-analytical method, and in terms of achievement or result is a research of development-applied type and in terms of research purpose is exploratory type and in terms of type of data used is a qualified one. The results of analyzing and combining the collected data show that "cultural ideological conflicts", "multiculturalism in the Islamic world", "gap between cultural changes and tactics", "sovereignty of ethnic and tribal structure", "lack of common cultural understanding of unity and cohesion", "the rule of security attitude to ethnic and religious demands" may be regarded as the important issues in the challenges facing the Islamic Republic in the cultural engineering of unity and cohesion in the Islamic world. This study considers the "feasibility of facing challenges" as one of the most important outputs of representing these challenges.

The challenge of building an efficient Islamic state is in the second step of the Islamic Revolution.

The main question:

What is the challenge of building efficient employment in the second step of the Islamic Revolution? Sub-questions: Why? What is? How?

Default:

efficient government building in the second step of the Islamic Revolution, the top challenge, Iranian Islamic modeling of progress, strategy and modern Islamic civilization, is the vision of the second step of the Islamic Revolution of Iran.

Hypothesis:

"The Challenge of State-Building Efficient Employment in the Second Step of the Islamic Revolution; "The strategic role is a special task with the policy-making and policy-making functions of the government." Explanation of Hypothesis: Government and State Employment The implementation of the balanced and middle model of the two conflicting models is one and on the one hand the government is the minimum operation of liberal capitalism and the policy of non-interference and on the other hand the conflicting state is the maximum socialist employment.

The challenge of state-building is to implement economically, politically and culturally efficient in the second step of the Islamic Revolution, the model of the Iranian architect of Islamic modeling is the development of the public and private sectors.

Text and content analysis of the most important works and opinions of the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the document of the Iranian Islamic model of progress and the statement is the second step.

The Islamic Revolution was the result of the conscious choice of the people from the generation of structural reforms. The revolution brought a triangular structure to Iran based on the emergence of a new system of government in the 1970s and 1980s. The three sides of the Islamic Revolution triangle were the emphasis on justice and freedom as the central signifier and its software, monotheism as the tool and efficiency, and meritocracy as the shell and core of the Islamic Revolution. In the fourth decade of the Islamic Revolution, this triangle has faced structural challenges and paradoxes. These challenges can't be reformed without decision-making, proper planning, and generally, without structural-institutional changes. The repeated statements of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution, including the manifesto of the second step of the revolution, are based on identifying and correcting these structural challenges and looking to a bright future based on fundamental changes in solving challenges and returning to the sides of the conceptual triangle of the Islamic Revolution. It is not possible to get out of the various challenges of the Islamic Revolution without updating the operating system and the hard and softcore of the Islamic Republic. This article point that continuity of the Islamic Revolution and expansion of its strategic capabilities is not possible without reforming the institutional structures and the various challenges arising from them. If the sides of the conceptual triangle of the Islamic Revolution are activated and the software and hardware defects of the Revolution operating system are eliminated, the Islamic Republic can be an example of an active and efficient system for the rest of the world.

Given the continuing challenge in the relationships between Iran and the centers of power in the international system, especially the United States, this study seeks to answer the question of what are the fundamental elements that shape and perpetuate this challenging situation in Iran-international relations? For this purpose, using the thematic analysis method, the existing literature was examined and all existing works in the field of research, such as books, articles and doctoral thesis, were examined, which according to three indicators of subjectivity and thematic relationship, the scientific validity of the authors as well as the scientific validity of the place of publication, 17 research works were selected and studied.The findings of this study indicate that the basic components of the challenge situation producer are the three areas of discourse, actions and the challenge management; Among these, the two last factors "actions of hostile parties" and "how to manage challenges" have a higher role in the formation and continuation of the challenge situation in relations between Iran and the international system.

From the point of view of Imam Khamenei as an Islamic thinker and thinker, the Islamic government has its own way of governing the society and it is not such that it can achieve its goals by using Western methods. The reason for this is that the methods are valuable in religious democracy. This approach, while opposed to Western democracy, also contradicts tyranny and dictatorship. Imam Khamenei, therefore, has emphasized this new and innovative method, which has been interpreted as religious democracy, as a new, innovative and innovative method that can be used in the analysis of current political systems. Take note. On the other hand, individualism is one of the undeniable features of Western thought. So the foundations of Western democracy, and even the best of them, such as participatory democracy, are either in practice or inapplicable or, in many cases, facing paradigmatic challenges, in the face of Islam being a holistic worldview. The researchers found in this descriptive and analytical study that Islamic thinking is fundamentally different from Western thinking and that these differences are at the fundamental epistemic levels, which are at the core of the subject of these two thinking and that of religious democracy. They are fundamentally at odds with participatory democracy. Therefore, the main issue of this research is to introduce and identify two theories of religious democracy according to the political ideas of Imam Khamenei and participatory democracy with regard to the existing ideas in Western schools as well as introducing obstacles to democracy.

Abusing working children and street children is one of the most important and challenging issues around the world and in all human societies, which has also affected the Islamic Republic of Iran and can have many consequences. Therefore, the present article has tried to study the most important legal reasons for child abuse and legislative challenges in Iran. According to the thematic documents presented in this article, the research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is library. The question is, what are the most important public and legal reasons for abusing working children in Iranian law? In response to this question, it is assumed that economic and livelihood problems of working children's families, family context and migration in general, lack of codified laws with strong enforcement guarantees, and the lack of child-centered laws are among the most important public and legal challenges is abusing working children. The findings of the study indicate that abusing working children is a social and serious problem for society, and that the establishment of laws with high enforcement guarantees and based on international norms is considered very important to deal with it. In addition, the efforts of the governments to create an educational culture and efforts to solve economic and livelihood problems and family education, are necessary as a complementary solution.

The Peripheral geopolitical regions play a special role in the foreign policy of countries. One of the most important peripheral geopolitical regions is the South Asian. This erea is near to the Indian ocean and intersects with three geopolitical regions: East and Asian South East, Central Asia and West of Asia. اn relation to Iran, this region is one of the most important geopolitical regions. Iran has a deep cultural and historical connection with the drawers of this region and on the other hand, it has economic and security interests. As a result, what is happening in South Asia is affecting Iran's national interests and security. Therefore, the present article tries to examine the basic geopolitical challenges of this region by focusing on the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, the method of collecting findings is library and field study and the method of data analysis is quantitative combination (Friedman test) and qualitative. Field and library findings indicate that there are 15 challenging variables in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in South Asia.

A mosque is a place of worship, guidance and propagation of religion. It is not permissible to do anything that is incompatible with this dignity and status in the mosque, even for a Muslim, let alone a non-Muslim. Therefore, the entry of non-Muslims into the mosque must first of all have a Shariah-friendly motive, or at least rational motives. Therefore, entering the mosque should have a purpose and the purpose should be religious and rational. However, it is also necessary to maintain the affairs of the mosque. This means that in terms of clothing and how to travel and maintain politeness and respect, the behaviors should be such that there is no disrespect to the mosque and desecration of it, which in this case will definitely not be permissible. Regarding the women who enter the Islamic countries as tourists, it should be said that they are also required to observe the laws and laws of the countries and the Islamic government can consider it a crime to be naked according to the conditions and requirements of the place and time and considering the interests of the country. and apply ta'zeer to unbelievers, whether they are dhimmis or tourists.

Good governance today depends on the best possible completion of the state-nation-building process. This issue has been placed as a serious challenge in the path of survival of the Zionist regime.  This regime has based its existence on a special and complex identity that at first glance, this special identity can be considered a strong point for survival and formation of a society;But the specific characteristics of this identity based on race and its lack of demographic diversity have created challenges for this regime. On the other hand, the fragmentation of the core of the citizens of this regime, who have migrated to this land mainly from outside the borders of occupied Palestine, is also a serious challenge to nation-building.  State-nation-building in Israel also faces multiple political, security, and economic implications. In this research and according to the subject, descriptive-analytical method has been used.Also, while studying the state-nation-building process in Israel and looking at the demographic context and identity of the Palestinian and Zionist Jewish community (Israeli citizens) as the most serious challenge, to examine the failures of this regime in completing the state-nation-building process that survives and His survival is in question, we will pay.

 Considering the challenge of the multiplicity and nature of discourses within the discourse of the principles of citizenship rights of the Islamic Republic of Iran, one can use dialectical methods within the framework of the principles of Alawy discourse, citizenship rights with ijtihadist conclusions and deduction of deductive meaning. Considering the principles of positive-negative laws. And from the confusion of intra-discourse efforts such as one-sidedness, precedence and latency, and the propositions of hybrid (physical-eclectic) discourse ideas; Adopted the invention of industry within the organic (dynamic) discourse. In this regard, according to the study done through library, media and electronic sources, with a rational method (discourse content analysis), the type of discourse (Shiite Islam), the scope of truth from space and the depth of task from other discourses (liberalism And Marxism) more broadly and eclectic discourse, as evidenced by the history of Iran, by creating instability in the nature and anonymity that has arisen, leading to divergence and instability of our own discourse and ultimately leading to the non-institutionalization of citizenship rights and the basis of the challenge. Has been the progress of society.