آسیب ها

For the native people of northern Iran, the organization of the bloody battle of two bulls is called Varzajang. They insist on its continuation under titles such as safeguarding the local game, tradition, preservation of culture, and protection of identity. Although during the last few centuries, this unusual culture has undergone tremendous changes with the transformation of social structures, but its main core, "fighting two bulls", still remains. Recently, some university researchers also emphasized economic dimensions, its development to attract profit and financial income for the host, the attraction of tourism, and social cohesion. Although many tourists and historians in Iran have called this phenomenon a play since the past, but the ideal of the presence of wisdom in individual and social life makes us consider a play beautiful that accepts the equality of actors in its functions. This show, which has a kind of unconventional livelihood, denies half of its actors (women). Our intention to deal with this issue is not to try to bring women into this campaign, but to critically analyze it. Therefore, the central question is that the lack of presence of women in this ceremony indicates what kind of relationships? Therefore, the researcher tried to find an appropriate answer to the above questions with the bio-experiment among the mentioned activists and adopting the Moustakas strategy in phenomenology as a method as a result, Varzajang, in the continuation of the cultural tradition of the past in the society, despite the changes it has had, has not come close to the threshold of a cohesive social play.

The objective of this study was to validate a model for diagnosing neglected curriculum aspects in the secondary education system of Tehran.

This applied research utilized a descriptive-survey methodology. The study population included all secondary school teachers in Tehran, from which a random sample of 370 teachers was selected. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire that assessed eight dimensions of literacy with reliability coefficients ranging from α = 0.93 to α = 0.96. Confirmatory factor analysis, covariance analysis, and structural equation modeling were employed to analyze the data.

The findings revealed significant correlations between causal, contextual, strategic, intervening, and consequential conditions and the neglected curriculum pathology model. These results indicate that the current secondary education curricula in Tehran require revisions and enhancements to comprehensively address the educational and developmental needs of students.

This study emphasizes the importance of revising and improving the secondary education curriculum. The results highlight the need for greater focus on neglected literacy dimensions, which can contribute to the overall quality of education and student development. It is recommended that educational policymakers use these findings to enhance current curricula and adopt innovative strategies to increase their effectiveness

Social damages, have become a sovereign concern in recent decades; Therefore, policy makers have tried to think of measures to control and reduce these damages in the form of various policies and laws such as five-year development plans. This attention and effort has been done in a situation where so far a very limited number of policy orders in these programs have been successfully implemented. One of the reasons for the failure of development programs is the lack of attention to the category of program evaluation. this article has been compiled while using the qualitative content analysis method with the aim of identifying the evaluation indicators of the judgments in the field of social damages in development programs. A review of the conceptual literature of policy evaluation shows that three types of evaluation can be distinguished; Pre-evaluation, process evaluation and post-evaluation. pre-evaluation can be focused on the process of formulating political rulings, the quality of the form of the rulings, and the quality of their content. According to the definition of social damages and the specific nature of society's involvement with it, it seems that among the three indicators of process, form and content, paying attention to process indicators is more important in the field of policy making in the field of social damages.

Today, the spread of dependency on drugs in the national and international scope imposes a lot of costs on governments, and it is essential to carry out social and research to reduce these costs. This research uses a structural perspective to answer the questions. What is the state of fighting against drug addiction in Iran? Furthermore, the research compares Iran with some other countries to reveal the weaknesses and strengths of fighting against drug addiction in Iran. The research has made use of the secondary analysis method. The written documents and the existing statistics available in international organizations have been employed to answer the questions. The findings were analyzed in four segments including comparing the situation of drug abuse in Iran and other countries, drug abuse and some indicators of human and welfare development, general policies in solving the problem of drug abuse in Iran and the world, and finally the dynamics of the drug market in the world. the research showed that drug abuse is increasing in Iran and the world, and psychedelics are dominant over drug abuse. In this path, policies based on fighting the reduction of supply and demand of drugs just increase the costs of drug addiction in society if they don’t consider strengthening the economic and social infrastructure of the society. Therefore, the policy-making experiences of countries with low drug abuse show that solving drug abuse requires culturalization and strengthening of the socio-economic foundation of the society. In other words, fighting against causes not effects.

This research aims to identify the four points of strength-weakness, opportunity and threat of social networks for mosques and to provide a strategy for the optimal use of these networks to improve the propaganda and media activities of mosques in the country. The theoretical framework of this research is Barry Wellman's networked organization from the macro theory of his networked society. The method of this research is mixed qualitative-quantitative. In the qualitative part, the method of thematic analysis and in the quantitative part, the method of strategic analysis or SWAT has been used as a future-research method. In the first method, the statistical population is academic elites and experts in the field of social networks active in religious affairs and mosques, among them the sample is based on the purposeful sampling method with the criteria of teaching and writing for more than 5 years in the field of new media, religion and activity. Continuous executive in the department of religious affairs and mosques who are fully familiar with the space of networks. The sample size was also used by the rule of theoretical saturation. In the first method, the data collection tool is semi-structured in-depth interview and its processing tool is triple coding by King (1998). Reliability and reliability were also used by the combined rule of John Creswell, Goba and Lincoln. In the second method, the statistical population, in addition to the elites and experts used in the previous part, are the media and propaganda activists of the mosques, and 60 of them were selected by purposeful sampling. The data collection tool in this method is a white balanced card questionnaire and data processing is done based on SWOT, SPACE and QSPM matrices. The validity of this research in the qualitative part is a combination of reliability and trustworthiness of John Creswell, Goba and Lincoln, which was measured in three stages. Due to the qualitative nature of the interview technique, while paying attention to the authenticity of the observations and data recording and the richness of the information of the selected samples and the researcher's analytical power, face validity was used in the phase of determining the categories and axes, and the categories and interview questions and research questions were at the disposal of the judges. It was decided to comment on the answers to the research questions through these categories. In the second stage, the technique of constant comparison was used in such a way that it has been tried to have accurate and correct evaluation in the organization of the codes, and the codes were constantly compared with the initial codes and all the codes were adapted to the goals and questions. The third method of narration used to present evidence is the appropriate use of quotations and notes of the interviewer in such a way that the full implementation of the interview and the facts and bringing them accurately helped the narration. In order to measure the reliability while repeatedly reviewing the data, the process of research and processing was given to two experienced researchers to control the implemented text. Details of the method of data collection and analysis, the method and logic of sample selection were also made in order to strengthen reliability. The findings show that the dissemination of news, the strengthening of networking between mosque officials and citizens, and mobilization are among the most important strengths and false social solidarity, the involvement of mosque officials and people in cyberspace, the dissemination of fake news, among the most important weaknesses, persuasion The network of religion, the globalization of mosque activities, the diversity and multiplicity of mosque audiences are among the points of opportunity and the promotion of religious superstitions by biased people, the virtual addiction of mosque activists and the weakening of the Iranian Islamic family are among the points of threat. The most important strategy is to design, produce and launch local social networks by the government in order to produce appropriate cultural, religious and educational content by mosque activists and planning governmental and non-governmental religious institutions to produce and publish religious content in these networks. Also, the findings showed that the coordination between the organizations in charge of producing content and software and creating content with the coordinates of Iranian Islamic values ​​and providing communication services based on the cultural and religious values ​​of the country and the multilateral cooperation of all stakeholders including Policymakers, the government, regulatory organizations, the private sector, and other stakeholders in this field should be considered as a preferred strategy. Among other strategies in this field, the government's all-round support for the establishment of specialized local networks of mosques in accordance with the educational and propaganda functions and duties of Iranian mosques; Creating technical and software infrastructures for the production of educational and cultural content of cultural centers and mobilizing mosques by the organizations in charge of mosques; Coordination between organizations in charge of mosque affairs to produce content with the coordinates of Iranian Islamic values ​​and present it to mosque activists; Supporting the development of the virtual space of the mosque environment technology and the creation of a web-based mosque 2 next to the main mosque in the neighborhoods; Media and technology literacy training for mosque agents, from Imam Jamaat to activists of cultural centers, for the purposeful and correct use of social networks to promote the position of the neighborhood mosque, to attract young people and teenagers active in the field of social networks, and to guide and train them by the organizations in charge of producing the contents of mosques; Conducting media literacy training courses through cultural centers and mosque mobilization bases for neighborhood residents to strengthen their media knowledge in order to spread correct messages in cyberspace and avoid spreading fake news; Avoiding contentious ethnic, racial, class, religious and religious contents by the imams of the groups and content producers of virtual networks for the abuse of enemies; Designing a smart filtering system to monitor the contents of social networks in the field of publishing religious, moral and educational topics; Involvement of the private sector and knowledge-based companies with the help of universities to develop software programs for specialized networks in the area of ​​the mosque and also to produce its content.

The development of communication technologies and the rise of platforms like Instagram have created unprecedented opportunities for social interaction and the shaping of public culture. However, the lack of high-quality content production in traditional media has transformed these platforms into spaces where vulnerable individuals are exploited. This study examines the misuse of naive individuals and mentally impaired persons in the production of undignified comedic content, analyzing its cultural, social, and legal consequences from a critical criminological perspective. The research also proposes solutions to address these challenges.

This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach, collecting data through a systematic review of scientific articles, legal texts, and media reports. Qualitative analysis is employed to explore the relationship between the production of undignified comedy, social media algorithms, and cultural policymaking.

The lack of high-quality content in traditional media has accelerated user migration to social networks, leading to the proliferation of unethical content. Vulnerable individuals, particularly those who are naive or mentally impaired, are systematically exploited as “media victims.” Social media algorithms, which prioritize user engagement, amplify such unethical content. Additionally, insufficient protective legislation and weaknesses in cultural policies perpetuate this issue. This process not only undermines human dignity but also imposes significant social and psychological consequences on victims and their families.From a critical criminological perspective, the exploitation of vulnerable individuals in digital spaces reflects broader power dynamics and societal inequalities. Structural weaknesses in cultural and legal frameworks exacerbate the problem. In Iranian society, the lack of focus on producing high-quality comedy and the neglect of cultural needs have driven users toward undignified content on social networks. This trend reinforces unethical behaviors, reduces the cultural value of media content, and erodes public trust in both traditional and digital media.Social media algorithms play a pivotal role in propagating this trend. By prioritizing content that generates high engagement, these algorithms often disregard the moral and cultural implications of the material. This creates a feedback loop where unethical content is not only tolerated but encouraged, as it attracts more viewers and followers. Consequently, the dignity of vulnerable individuals is compromised, and societal norms are eroded.This study identifies several key areas for reform to address these challenges:Strengthening Traditional Media:Enhancing the capacity of traditional media to produce culturally relevant and ethically sound comedic content is crucial. Traditional media should receive the necessary support and resources to compete with digital platforms and offer alternatives that respect cultural values.Legislative Reforms:Clear guidelines for ethical social media usage must be established, with penalties imposed on those who exploit vulnerable individuals for entertainment.Public Awareness Campaigns:Raising awareness about ethical social media usage and promoting responsible online behavior can reshape public attitudes.Independent Monitoring Bodies:Establishing independent bodies to oversee content production on social media platforms is essential. These bodies would identify unethical practices, ensure accountability, and uphold the dignity of individuals featured in media content.The findings of this research highlight the interconnectedness of cultural policy, media practices, and societal values. Addressing the root causes of exploitation requires a collaborative approach involving policymakers, media professionals, and the public. Solutions must prioritize cultural integrity, human dignity, and social cohesion.Furthermore, cultural education and media literacy programs should play a significant role in fostering a more informed and responsible society. By teaching individuals to critically analyze content and understand the ethical implications of their online interactions, these programs can empower users to make informed choices about the content they consume and share. This shift in public behavior would compel social media platforms and content creators to prioritize ethical considerations in their work.In conclusion, the exploitation of vulnerable individuals in the context of undignified comedic content production is a complex issue that reflects broader societal and cultural challenges. This phenomenon underscores the need for a comprehensive approach that integrates cultural, legal, and technological solutions. By enhancing the role of traditional media, reforming social media algorithms, enacting protective legislation, and fostering public awareness, it is possible to address this issue effectively. The study calls for collective efforts to promote ethical media practices and protect the dignity of all individuals, particularly those who are most vulnerable. Through these measures, society can move toward a more just and respectful digital culture, where entertainment does not come at the cost of human dignity.

According to the world health organization, psychosocial factors have almost an 85% impact on health. The illness is under influence of a combination of sociological, psychological and biological factors. This study examines the social and psychological characteristics of patients suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis. The purpose of this article is to cognize, measure and compare the sociological characteristics through sociological questionnaire and psychological features of patients by the questionnaire of Early maladaptive schema and maladaptive coping strategies, and also to identify the effective social factors and psychological elements.The psychological part of the present research was a descriptive-analytical type of causal comparison and post-event. Pearson's correlation test, multivariate regression, and analysis of variance were used for the sociological variables. The statistical population of this research includes 127 female patients with arthritis. Rheumatoid Rheumatology Clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital in 2018-2021 and there were 127 healthy people. After the diagnosis of rheumatologist, the patients were selected by targeted sampling. The instrument for measuring psychological disorders was Yang's long-form maladaptive schema questionnaire and Lazarus' coping strategies questionnaire. The questionnaire of social factors in determining sociological variables was researcher-made. In data and information analysis, Spss22 software was used. According to the results of the multivariate regression test, six social variables 1. Low economic class 2. Lifestyle 3. High family damage 4. Low emotional support 5. Low social participation 6. Low education had a significant effect on creating a psychological background and the background of rheumatoid arthritis disease. Also, the results showed that all RA patients in this study had incompatible early EMS schemas and incompatible coping strategies.

One of the types of vehicle numbering services in the country is motorcycle numbering services.  IRI Traffic and Driving Police is continuously trying to achieve a high level of capability and desired integration with the aim of improving the level of services by diagnosing and changing the processes of motorcycle numbering services, improving implementation methods, and utilizing new technologies. The aim of the present study is to identify the damages of motorcycle numbering services.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of mixed methods. The statistical population in the qualitative part was interviews with experts from the IRI Traffic Police Headquarters using purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached, and in the quantitative part, the statistical population was numbering experts stationed in numbering units in provincial centers across the country using a stratified random method, with a sample size of 110 people. A semi-structured interview tool was used to collect data in the qualitative part, and a questionnaire was used in the quantitative part.

Among the dimensions studied, the administrative-staff damage dimension with a value of 19.984, the technical-skill damage dimension with a value of 19.024, and the legal-legal damage dimension with a value of 3.006 are effective in motorcycle numbering service damage. On the other hand, the factor loadings of administrative-staff injuries with a value of 0.924, technical-skill injuries with a value of 0.860, and legal-legal injuries with a value of 0.569 are greater than 0.5, which were significant at the 0.95 level.

Given that the IRI Traffic Police seeks to increase effectiveness, productivity, and satisfaction in various areas, including motorcycle numbering services; by eliminating injuries and creating coordination between the headquarters and executive units of the traffic police, it is possible to move towards achieving organizational goals and pave the way for removing obstacles with the aim of taking more solid steps.

The complex and multidimensional nature of the concept of vulnerability has received attention in the last two decades, however, definitions and standard methods for measuring it are still not used in domestic and foreign studies.  

Using a scoping review and the five-step methodological feamework of Arksey and O’Malley (2005), this study examines and criticizes the conceptual, theoretical and methodological field of “household vulnerability” in domestic and foreign studies during the 2010 to 2022.

Among the 105 reviewed studies (28 domestic studies and 77 foreign studies), four main areas of environmental, economic, health and social vulnerability of household can be classified respectively, in which the most important weakness identified in these studies was the lack of an interactive and intersectional approach to different dimensions of household vulnerability. Additionally, the comparative review showed that most domestic studies have weaknesses in covering diverse topics, identifying target households, choosing a broad theoretical framework, and using multi-dimensional measures, which has caused the mentioned studies to fail when explaining the way of vulnerability at the household level, lean towards individualistic explanations.

The findings emphasize the necessity of moving from a superficial view to the concept of the household and designing longitudinal surveys that can help increase the resilience of vulnerable households and the success of related welfare policies across the country.

Social thinkers in general and sociologists in particular are responsible for studying social issues. Efforts to describe, explain and prescribe social issues have continued since the beginning of modern sociology in the 19th century. Several schools of thought in the West have been formed in the face of social issues, and each of them has studied social issues. In spite of all the positive points of these approaches, the weakness of the knowledge bases has caused their low success in terms of opinion and practice. This article seeks to present an attitude based on Islamic traditions in facing social harms. The approach of the supply system examines social issues from this point of view. Based on this, social issues are the result of efforts to meet needs. The materialization of the elements of the system of providing needs in the modern era is the main factor in the spread of social problems. Therefore, efforts to solve social problems should be made within the framework of revitalizing the divine system of providing needs.

Holy defense is an important and decisive part of the contemporary history of our country. In this regard, the aim of this research is to identify and rank the damage to the research in the field of sacred defense and present it to the custodian organizations to be placed on the agenda and start the policy cycle in this field.

This paper was based on the purpose of applied research, based on an inductive approach, based on data type, mixed and based on the research method, the survey. After the library studies, research damages in the field of Sacred Defense were collected and presented to 20 experts and veterans of the research in the field of Sacred Defense and using Delphi technique in two rounds, they were asked to confirm or reject the identified damages and present their proposed damages. Then, using the results of the qualitative stage, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared and distributed to 30 experts and experts with the aim of ranking the injuries and the results were analyzed using SPSS software.

Harms of politicization, unreliable statistics, lack of scientific and specialized approach, distortion of the truth, selective treatment of facts, extremes and exaggerations in mentioning some events, researchers' use of inauthentic documents, parallelism of responsible institutions, sanctimoniousness, etc. respectively have the highest rank.

Identifying and ranking the damages before the research in the field of sacred defense provides a good opportunity for policy making and dealing with the damages.

Membership in virtual social networks has posed challenges and problems for individuals in society in recent years. It seems that the unconscious activity of individuals in these networks and the lack of sufficient media literacy have led to the emergence or exacerbation of certain social harms in Mazandaran Province. This study aims to answer the main question of what factors influence user activity in virtual networks and what are the most significant social harms of these networks in Mazandaran Province?  

This research is qualitative in nature and was conducted using grounded theory methodology. The research population consists of individuals who have experienced social harms related to virtual networks. Sampling was done purposefully, considering the theoretical saturation criterion. In-depth interviews and document analysis were used to collect data.  

The factors influencing individuals' membership and activity in virtual networks can be categorized into primary and secondary factors. Additionally, other factors create contextual conditions for membership in these networks and influence user interactions in this space.  

The negative effects of activity in virtual networks can be divided into several major groups: exposure to cyber violence, mood and psychological disorders, physical problems, educational disruptions, and sexual misconduct. Social isolation, various forms of violence, running away from home, and divorce are among the main social harms associated with virtual networks in Mazandaran Province.

Identifying authenticity of vehicles one of the issues emphasized by the experts of numbering and plate changing units, and various reasons may change the authenticity of vehicles, which is unavoidable in some cases, according to the laws of the country. Changes in components of vehicles are examples of such a crimes. The purpose of current research is to identify damages of verifying authenticity of vehicles.

This research is an exploratory mixed method in terms of practical purpose. In qualitative part, the statistical population was interviews with the experts of traffic police headquarters using a purposeful sampling method, and quantitative part, statistical population was based numbering experts of Tehran province using a stratified method. qualitative part of the theme analysis method was used using MAXQDA2020 software quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was used, validate model obtained from the qualitative part, structural equation modeling was used using pls3 Smart confirmatory factor analysis software.

The greatest effect of vehicle authentication pathology quantitative section related to the dimension of behavioral injuries with a value of 24.361, and then related to dimension of contextual injuries with a value of 17.753, finally, the least impact is related to dimension Structural damage with a value of 4.641 is in

With the increase in the number of vehicles and the progress science and technology, need to recognize the damage of authenticating vehicles control and monitor performance of drivers and owners of vehicles using specialized equipment in field of authenticating has become inevitable.

This study aims to investigate the sexual harassment of girls and the injuries inflicted on them during the quarantine period of the coronavirus pandemic. This narrative review involved a comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, Civilica, Noormags, SID, Springer, and Google Scholar, reviewing published articles on the sexual abuse of girls during the Covid-19 outbreak in recent years. The articles revealed contradictory and dual results. In the early stages of COVID-19, there were signs of resilience in the general population with an extraordinary ability to bounce back and adapt. However, during the coronavirus pandemic and quarantine conditions, the environment for violence, mistreatment at home, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse against girls was fostered. Therefore, educating and informing parents, as well as educating and informing girls, can be very effective in this regard. For this reason, one of the ways to improve this situation is to increase the awareness and knowledge of parents and daughters, in various means during the corona pandemic.

In the current research, the pathology of the physical fitness training of Bojnord police command staff in 2023 was discussed. Based on the subject and objectives of the study, this research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of the nature of the data. The statistical population was considered to be all managers, teachers and employees of the police force of Bojnord city, and their number was reported to be 274. According to the Morgan table, the statistical sample of the present study was estimated to be 160, and this number of questionnaires was selected through the snowball sampling method. The type of validity of the content questionnaire was confirmed by several experts in this field. And the reliability of questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha for manpower (0.836), structure and organization (0.769), facilities and equipment (0.769), physical injuries (0.841), training content (0.712), training method (0.759) , evaluation (0.765), government employee training process (0.736), employee training rules and regulations (0.742), government employee training system structure (0.768) and the entire questionnaire (0.940. Also, the results showed that the rules and regulations of employee training with an average rating of (1081.40), evaluation with an average rating of (981.28) and the structure of the government employee training system with an average rating of (973.41) are respectively more vulnerable. Physical components with an average rating (241.75( and human resources with an average rating (637.42) respectively have the least injuries in the physical fitness training of the police force of Bojnord.

Media todays, especially television, in addition to the entertainment and information functions, are considered a tool for modeling and promoting lifestyle in societies. The Islamic Republic of Iran TV has always tried to promote the Islamic-Iranian lifestyle, which emphasizes on strengthening the family institution as much as possible, through media programming in the society, and is influential in the institutionalization and socialization of this style. This research was conducted with a qualitative and grounded theory method and with in-depth and semi-structured interviews with 21 experts in the field of media, family and lifestyle. The purpose of this research is to answer the question that what drawbacks have there been in the TV programming in the field of Islamic-Iranian family life style in the past years and what appropriate strategies should be considered for it. The results of the research with the number of 7 main categories, 11 general concepts and 67 final codes showed that extra-organizational factors such as not having a national message management center in the field of Islamic-Iranian lifestyle for cultural institutions, the tendency of the audience towards the home network TV, and Some intra-organizational factors such as: reduction of behavioristic drama programs, increasing gap between the media and the new generation audience and the like, cause the media programs to have little influence in the field of Islamic-Iranian lifestyle. Also, suitable strategies are provided with the approach of grounded theory method and determining the background conditions, facilitating, limiting and consequences.

The Holy Qur'an is an eternal and ever-new truth. So, by keeping the rules and regulations of interpretation, it is possible to seek from it the necessary guidance appropriate to every period and time. For this purpose, using the grounded theory to analyzing the content and in the framework of modern interpretation, this research has referred to the Qur'an to deal with the pathology of celebrity culture, based on the verses of the Holy Qur'an. The result of this study is that five serious harms from celebrities threaten the society: Some celebrities play a role in creating and spreading kinds of material and spiritual corruption on the earth. On the other hand, some of them, just as celebrities themselves have been misled and deceived, seek to mislead and deceive others. Also, they are considered the creators of various unfortunate scenes of "spreading prostitution" in the world. The harm of luxury and aristocratic life is another threat that some celebrities have brought to the society. And finally, the conflict and duality of celebrity culture with the culture of divine guidance has led to the point where some celebrities ridicule the religious foundations and divine beliefs of the society. It should also be noted that today's sociological studies have also paid attention to all these harms.

The present study was conducted with the aim of understanding the social consequences of flooding in Saadi slum of Shiraz city from the perspective of the involved women. Sampling was done purposefully, and data was collected using a semi-structured interview technique. The qualitative method of thematic analysis was used for data analysis. The main themes that emerged from the data analysis are: increased vigilance and concern on the part of women in the face of warnings, limitations and difficulties encountered by women in evacuating their homes prior to the flood, suffering from malnutrition and various diseases after the flood. reduction in economic power, exposure to various forms of violence, expectations placed on women by their families and society that are beyond their capacity and enduring long-term psychological damage caused by floods for all women.

Social vulnerability refers to the varying degrees of sensitivity and the adverse effects experienced by individuals due to social, economic, and political factors in the face of a risk (Burton et al., 2018; Crimmins, 2020; Eisler et al., 2021). The scientific and systematic analysis of citizens' vulnerability to the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic is crucial in identifying and understanding the significant disparities in vulnerability among different socio-economic groups. This analysis not only reveals weaknesses in policy and crisis management, but also helps in formulating appropriate policies to direct economic and cultural resources towards supporting these vulnerable groups and taking effective actions aligned with citizens' needs. In this study, we adopted a hybrid approach to examine the COVID-19 pandemic as a social phenomenon. Firstly, we explored the lived experiences of the citizens of Isfahan and the types of hardships they had faced during the pandemic. Subsequently, we measured and described the state of vulnerability and its various indicators in the entire population of Isfahan. This comprehensive analysis enabled us to analyze the different types of damages caused by the crisis and assess the level of vulnerability among various social groups on a broader and generalizable scale.

In terms of methodology, this research followed a mixed qualitative-quantitative sequential approach. The qualitative method employed was of a phenomenological nature. To gather qualitative data, a purposive sampling technique was utilized to select a sample of 30 individuals, who had experienced significant damage from the coronavirus due to their specific circumstances. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these participants and the conversations were transcribed into text format. The data obtained were then analyzed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis, which involved coding and interpretation.In the quantitative part of the study, a survey was conducted to measure the vulnerability of Isfahan citizens to exposure to Corona on a representative sample of all citizens aged 19 to 64 years in the city of Isfahan. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula and a quota sampling method was employed. A total of 483 citizens were included in the study.

The findings of this study revealed that the damages experienced by the participants in the face of the coronavirus could be categorized into 5 main categories: social damages, economic damages, educational damages, cultural damages, and institutional damages. Each of these categories further consisted of sub-categories.Under economic damages, 3 sub-categories were identified: treatment costs, burnout, and economic pressure. Educational harms encompassed 3 sub-categories: degradation of education quality, weak internet infrastructure, and reproduction of class inequalities. Cultural damage was found to have 2 sub-categories: erosion of cultural capital and transformation in customs. Institutional harms were classified into 4 sub-categories: inefficiency of government policies, wandering of institutions, institutional mistrust, and inefficiency of the care system. Social harms were divided into 4 sub-categories: intensification of domestic conflict, weakening of social ties, social stigma of Corona, and suspension of social relief.It is important to note that generalizing these results to all citizens of Isfahan required a comprehensive study to be conducted on a representative statistical sample of the society. Furthermore, basing policy-making decisions on these results depended on answering the question of whether the severity of vulnerability among Isfahan citizens in all these dimensions was uniform across different social classes, including low, middle, and high classes.In alignment with the qualitative findings, the quantitative part of the research indicated that the citizens of Isfahan had an average score close to or higher than the average range of scores (equal to 3) in most social harms. However, when comparing the severity of social vulnerability across different dimensions, it was observed that the citizens of Isfahan experienced more cultural and institutional damages compared to other types of damages during the COVID-19 epidemic. On the other hand, they were relatively less vulnerable in terms of economics, work, and family relationships.