احساس امنیت

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the public participation development on the feeling of security. The research method was a cross-sectional-analytical survey. Using sample power method, 410 members of non-governmental organizations of Yasouj city were selected as a sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method along with simple randomness. Data was collected using a questionnaire. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, content and construct validity were used, and Cronbach's alpha method was conducted to determine reliability. The results showed that all dimensions of the development of public participation had a significant effect on the feeling of security (P < 0.01). The variables of social, cultural, political, religious and health participation were able to predict 21.8%, 29.3%, 39.6%, 23.3% and 9.4% of the variance of citizens' sense of security, respectively. According to beta coefficients, political participation contributed the most in explaining citizens' sense of security. Further, the results showed that public participation has been able to predict 23.5, 30.9, 38.6 and 41.2 percent of the variance of the variables of financial, life, emotional and occupational security, respectively. According to the beta coefficients, among the dimensions of public participation, political participation contributed the most in explaining the feeling of financial, life and job security of citizens. Cultural participation played a role in explaining the feeling of financial security of citizens as much as the development of political participation. And finally, the variable of religious participation had the greatest prediction to the emotional security of citizens.

Social trust is one of the social phenomena that plays a vital role in social relationships. This study aims to explore social trust (personal, generalized, and institutional) among citizens of Birjand. The theoretical framework of the study draws on both Putnam's social capital theory and Buzan and Weaver's security theory. The main question is “What effect does the sense of security have on the social trust of the citizens of Birjand?” The research method is a survey, and the statistical population consists of all citizens aged 15 to 65 living in Birjand. A sample size of n= 384 people was selected using a mixed sampling method. The findings suggest that 50.6% of Birjandi citizens have low social trust as opposed to the general public and political, economic, educational, religious, and public institutions. Overall, the level of social trust is below average, and a comparison of social trust indicators shows that the personal trust of the research sample is higher than generalized and institutional trust. The findings reveal that the sense of security and its three dimensions are positively correlated with social trust in the citizens of Birjand. The results suggest that there is a direct and significant relationship between the variables of gender, education level and marital status, and a negative and inverse relationship between age and social trust. On the other hand, no significant relationship was found between monthly income and social trust. Based on multiple regression analysis, the determination coefficient of independent variables and institutional trust suggests that these variables can explain and predict about 37% of variations in study variables. Further, the determination coefficient of independent variables and generalized trust also show that about 46% of variations can be explained and predicted by the variables included in the model. Additionally, the path analysis shows that the first variable with the highest impact on social trust is “the sense of political security".

Social security feeling in tourist destinations is a basic requirement for tourists to decide to travel and, on the other hand, creates the conditions for the competitiveness of tourist destinations. The present research aims to investigate the impact of tourists’ perception of security on the competitiveness of tourist destinations.

The present research is applied in terms of its purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of its method. In terms of the type of method, it is in the group of quantitative research. The statistical population of the study was 15+ tourists who traveled to Gorgan County in 2022, which was approximately one million and thirty-five thousand people according to the relevant annual statistical booklet. To determine the sample size, Cochran’s formula was used, and the sample size was estimated at 384 persons. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire, the reliability of which was examined and confirmed using the combined reliability method and Cronbach’s alpha, and the validity was examined and confirmed using both face validity and divergent validity. The sampling method in the study was simple random sampling, and SPSS and AMOS were used to analyze the research data.

The findings of the research show that the path coefficient obtained for the variable of tourist destination security perception predicts 53% of the variance of the competitiveness of tourist destinations in Gorgan County.

The results of the present research indicate that the competitiveness of tourist destinations is affected by the perception of tourist security, and this impact was evaluated as moderate in Gorgan County.

 Social happiness is a set of individual and social conditions that cause people to have positive attitudes towards the environment that surrounds them. This research was conducted with the aim of "investigating some factors affecting the social happiness of students" using a survey method. The sample size of 400 people was determined and the samples were selected using stratified random sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect research data. The mean social happiness of the students was 2.31 (from 1 to 5). The findings of two-variable analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between the variables of security feeling, social health, feeling of injustice, social capital, feeling of relative deprivation, the amount of use of cyberspace, feeling of social alienation, and religious adherence with the social happiness of students. However, there was no significant relationship between the age and social happiness of students. Also, there is a significant difference in the social happiness of students according to their sex and marital status. The results of the multiple regression analysis also showed that except for the variables of feeling of relative deprivation, marital status, security feeling, social capital and the amount of use of cyberspace, other independent variables were removed from the regression equation. These variables have been able to explain 28% of the variance of the dependent variable of social happiness.

 This study explores the lived experiences of Afghan female students attending universities in Tehran and Qom, Iran, with a focus on their social, cultural, and academic encounters. Utilizing a phenomenological approach and narrative methods, including observations and interviews, the research investigates the experiences of 30 Afghan female graduate students selected through theoretical sampling. Analysis of the narratives derived from these interviews, documented using text analysis methods, suggests that the students' experiences are characterized by more attractions than repulsions. The study highlights the central theme of "sense of security" that emerged from participants' narratives, underscoring its importance for identity expression, opportunities for change, and their presence within the Iranian higher education system.

Security is one of the basic human needs, when people see the future as uncertain in terms of economic, social and personal life, they have doubts about security. This lack of feeling of security can be a stimulus for the movement of people. In this regard, the present study investigated this issue by selecting a sample of 376 young people from Abdanan city in Ilam province. The results show that in almost all aspects of the sense of security the young people studied have scored lower than the expected average. On the other hand, the average score of the tendency to migrate among young respondents is higher than the expected average. The results of multivariate analysis using linear regression show that by controlling background variables, all aspects of the sense of security have an impact on the tendency of young people to migrate, and the more insecure young people feel in different dimensions their tendency to migrate increases. However, it is worth considering that among the different dimensions of the sense of security, the sense of judicial security had the greatest impact on the desire of young people to migrate. Therefore, the sense of security related to migration should not be reduced to its economic dimension, but each of its dimensions can in turn affect the desire of young people to migrate.

One of the social problems of today's world, which severely affects the social security of societies, is the problem of narcotics and its increasing influence in the society. This research aims to determine the impact of drug-related crimes on the sense of security of the people of Tehran.

The current applied research has a survey nature that was carried out with a quantitative approach in 1402. The statistical population of the research includes all citizens over 18 years of age in Tehran and the sample size according to the Cochran formula is 392 people. Random sampling was done in the 17th district of Tehran. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire with 3 dimensions and 18 items, whose face and content validity was approved by experts and its reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's alpha of 0.953. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and single-sample t-test and Friedman's rank test.

The significance level of the test of all the research hypotheses is equal to 0.00 and less than the error level of 0.05, and all the research hypotheses were accepted.

Drug crimes have an impact on the sense of security of the citizens of Tehran, and the components: drug production, drug buying and selling, opening a place, drug use, production of drug use devices and drug storage, respectively, have the greatest impact on the citizens' sense of security. They appropriated the city of Tehran.

Since the inception of Iran's Mehr Housing Policy (IMHP) in 2007, numerous residential complexes have been erected nationwide. Housing initiatives, beyond their fundamental role of shelter provision, are essential in addressing the social welfare of inhabitants, encompassing dimensions such as security, satisfaction, and a sense of belonging. A decade following the initial housing allocations, an examination of the social ramifications of the IMHP is warranted. Diverse studies on the IMHP conducted across various Iranian cities indicate a prevalent dearth of satisfaction among residents residing in IMHP complexes. Notably, these complexes vary in ownership structure – state-owned versus self-owned – and geographical location – within or outside urban boundaries. Consequently, this study aims to compare the perceptions of security, satisfaction, and social integration among residents in state-owned and self-owned housing, both within and beyond urban limits. The investigation focused on 13 IMHP complexes in the municipalities of Babol and Babolsar, employing quantitative methodologies. Through the application of a stratified sampling approach, 346 questionnaires were administered within these complexes. Non-parametric statistical analyses, including the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman’s correlation test, were utilized to assess variable discrepancies across distinct complexes and explore the relationships between these variables. Noteworthy findings reveal that residents in IMHP complexes situated within urban boundaries exhibit heightened levels of security, satisfaction, and belonging compared to their counterparts in complexes located outside urban perimeters, with this disparity exhibiting statistical significance. Conversely, no significant variation was observed between state-owned and self-owned IMHP complexes in terms of the aforementioned dimensions.  

The implementation of Iran's Mehr Housing Policy (IMHP) since 2007 has led to the development of diverse residential complexes across the country. These complexes are found in a variety of settings, ranging from metropolitan areas to small towns and villages, touristic and non-touristic cities, as well as within and outside urban boundaries. Furthermore, these complexes exhibit variations in their ownership structure, with some being constructed by the public sector and others by the private sector. Consequently, a notable heterogeneity exists among these residential developments.
In addition to the provision of shelter, housing endeavors must also address the social welfare needs of residents, including aspects such as security, satisfaction, and a sense of belonging. It is against this backdrop that this study seeks to investigate and compare the perceptions of security, satisfaction, and social integration among residents residing in IMHP residential complexes. These variables are inherently subjective in nature and are contingent upon the unique characteristics and dynamics of each complex. With a decade having passed since the initial allocations of housing units, it is an opportune time to scrutinize these subjective dimensions among residents.
Central to this inquiry is the exploration of significant differences that may exist among various IMHP complexes concerning the sense of security, satisfaction, and belonging experienced by their residents. The aim is to assess the extent of variability across these essential social indicators and delve into the nuances that shape the residential experiences within different IMHP complexes.
Research Question(s)
- Do significant differences exist between IMHP complexes in Babol and Babolsar regarding the sense of security, satisfaction, and social belonging experienced by residents?
- Do significant differences exist between IMHP complexes located within and outside the city boundaries in terms of the sense of security, satisfaction, and social belonging perceived by residents?
- Do significant differences exist between state-owned and self-owned IMHP complexes in terms of the sense of security, satisfaction, and social belonging reported by residents?

The concept of security encompasses various dimensions, including economic security, food security, political security, health security, environmental security, individual security, and social security (United Nations Development Program, 1994: 24). This study specifically focuses on individual and social security, representing a sense of security experienced by individuals. The sense of security is a subjective notion that encompasses feelings of safety and freedom from fear (Bollens, 2008).
Satisfaction can be defined through both subjective and objective indicators. Subjective indicators may include the quality of neighborhood relationships (Choudhury, 2005; Amerigo & Aragones, 1997; Galster & Hesser, 1981), while objective indicators may comprise the quality of the residential environment (Fleury-Bahi et al., 2008; Liu, 1999). However, satisfaction is fundamentally subjective as it can be influenced by an individual's ideals or life purposes (Galster, 1987, p.539). Consequently, within the same housing setting, individuals may exhibit varying levels of satisfaction.
The "sense of belonging" is molded by a complex interplay of factors that foster an individual's attachment to their neighborhood and its inhabitants. This bond between an individual, their residential environment, and the community deepens and evolves over time (Norberg-Schulz, 1997; Altman & Low, 1992; Rapoport, 1990; Hummon, 1992; Shamai, 1991; Tuan, 2001; Relph).
Several studies have been conducted on Informal Markets for Housing and Protection (IMHP) in various Iranian cities, indicating a general trend of low satisfaction among residents of IMHP complexes (Nouri Imani et al., 2019; Mahmoudi & Vahid, 2019; Mohammadzadeh, 2016).

This research employed quantitative methods to investigate 13 Informal Markets for Housing and Protection (IMHP) complexes located in the municipalities of Babol and Babolsar. Through the implementation of a stratified sampling methodology, a total of 346 questionnaires were distributed within these complexes. Non-Parametric tests, specifically the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman’s correlation test, were employed to compare variables across different complexes and to explore the relationships between these variables.

The data depicted in the graph presented below elucidate the status of the three variables under investigation across the 13 Informal Markets for Housing and Protection (IMHP) complexes. To address the research inquiries, these three variables were amalgamated to form a composite variable termed the subjective index score.
- The results obtained from the Mann-Whitney test reveal that the subjective index score of the IMHP complexes in Babol surpasses that of Babolsar, with this disparity exhibiting statistical significance.
- Findings from the Kruskal-Wallis test indicate that the subjective index score of IMHP complexes situated within the municipal boundaries is markedly higher than those located outside, with this contrast also demonstrating statistical significance.
- In accordance with the Mann-Whitney test analysis, no noteworthy distinction is evident in the subjective index scores between state-owned and self-owned IMHP complexes.
Figure 1. sense of security, satisfaction and belonging in the IMHP complexes

The outcomes of the study underscore the significance of the geographical placement of Informal Markets for Housing and Protection (IMHP) complexes in shaping the subjective index score, encompassing feelings of security, satisfaction, and belonging among residents. It appears that residing in residential complexes situated in non-touristic cities within their perimeters is associated with heightened levels of security, satisfaction, and a sense of belonging. Conversely, the type of ownership, whether state-owned or self-owned, does not seem to yield a substantial distinction in the aforementioned subjective measures within IMHP complexes.

Citizenship identity is among the crucial and fundamental components of social and cultural development in modern societies. It encompasses a set of rights and responsibilities that individuals hold about other citizens, institutional organizations, and society as a whole. Components of security feeling are among the key determinants of citizenship identity. The present study aims to sociologically analyze the impact of perceived security components on citizenship identity among citizens of Doroud City, Iran.

The study employs a sociological explanatory approach to analyze the impact of perceived security on citizen identity. It is applied in terms of research objective, extensive in terms of scope, micro in terms of range, and a cross-sectional study in terms of time. The study sample consists of citizens of Doroud City. Data were collected using a survey questionnaire, and SPSS and LISREL were used for descriptive and inferential data analysis. The sample size for this study is 385.

The research findings indicate significant relationships between the variables of cultural security, social security feeling, economic security, political security feeling, and psychological security feeling with citizenship identity. The results indicate that there is a significant correlation of 0.76 between cultural security and citizenship identity, 0.71 between social security and citizenship identity, 0.64 between economic security and citizenship identity, 0.62 between political security and citizenship identity, 0.57 between psychological security and citizenship identity, and 0.53 between psychological security and citizenship identity among Doroud citizens.

The results of the regression analysis also indicate that perceived security has a determining impact on citizenship identity. The results of the regression analysis of perceived security on citizenship identity indicate that in total, the independent variables of the study were able to explain 0.621 of the changes in the dependent variable, which is citizenship identity. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that social and cultural policymaking with careful community-based considerations and based on the formation of multiple components of citizenship security may provide appropriate platforms for institutionalizing citizenship identity and involvement of citizens and participation in activities with civic affiliations and commitments.

The present study aimed to model the structural relationships between personality traits, security feelings, self-esteem, and extramarital relationships, as well as the mediating impact of media consumption among Tehran citizens.

The present study is of applied type and in terms of timing has been of periodical type, and employed a correlational design based on structural equation modeling. The target population consisted of all married individuals in Tehran from 2023 to 2024 who referred to private and state counseling centers in the first six months of the year and sought counseling due to their spouse's extramarital affairs. A multistage random cluster sampling method was used to select samples. In this way, first of all, 50 centers in Tehran were identified, and from among these 50 centers, 30 counseling centers were randomly selected, in every center, 18 clients were selected as statistical samples. Altogether, 540 participants were selected. To  assess extramarital affairs; personality traits, security feelings, self-esteem, and media consumption rate; various questionnaires were used: The Commitment Violation Scale (CVD) by Drigotas et al. (1999) to assess extramarital relationships; The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI) to assess personality traits; The Security Scale (2009) to assess security feelingThe Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965) to assess self-esteem; The Media Consumption Questionnaire by Mahmoudian, Koochani Isfahani, and Moghaddas (2015) to assess media consumption.

The results achieved via using the model indicated that personality traits had the most significant overall impact (-0.27) on extramarital relationships. The variable of personality traits showed a total impact (-0.27) in a reverse manner (direct) had an impact on extramarital affairs. The variable of security total impact (-0.22) reversely (direct) impacted the extramarital relationships.  Based on the model introduced in this research, the variance in extramarital relationships demonstrated an R-squared value of 0.821. In general, 82% of the variance of extramarital relationships has been forecasted based on the relationship between the variables of personality traits, security feelings, self-esteem; and media consumption rate. Finally, the structural equation modeling also confirmed the goodness of fit of the model, and experimental data of the research supports the conceptual model.

The study findings suggest that personality traits, security feelings, and self-esteem mediated by media consumption may predict extramarital relationships

Security is always one of the important indicators of the growth and development of an urban area. This index can be injected to citizens from different aspects and improve its level. This issue is very important in big cities; Meanwhile, women's sense of security is emphasized from different aspects in the development of cities. The widespread presence of women in society and their participation in urban social activities makes it necessary to create elements and urban spaces suitable for the presence of this group in public spaces and planning to improve women's security. The purpose of this research is to evaluate women's sense of security in District 7 of Tehran, which has been investigated and analyzed. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data collection. The data collection tool was a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by elites and reliability with Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.789. Data analysis was done with statistical tests in spss software. The result of the research shows that in Haft region of Tehran, the social security of women is in an average and good condition; According to the findings, indicators such as mental and psychological problems, indicators of the poverty situation in the neighborhoods, women's social trust in each other, peace and comfort in public spaces, life safety, financial security situation, job security situation, economic base situation, security Fakhri (not having to worry), the efficiency of the security and police forces, the crime situation in the city and women's respect for each other are in an acceptable state.

The sense of security is one basic aspects of the concept of security, the adverse traffic behavior of motorcycle riders can be effective in reducing the sense of security of citizens in various ways. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of traffic behavior of motorcycle riders on citizens' sense of security.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method, living in the 12th district of Tehran municipality, and the sampling method in this research was a multi-stage cluster sampling method appropriate to the size of the statistical population and the data collection tool, a researcher-made and standard questionnaire whose validity was Through face validity and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.789. For data analysis, path analysis method was used using SmartPLS software and regression using SPSS25 statistical software.

The findings of the research showed that there is a significant relationship between the traffic behavior of motorcyclists and the sense of security, so that84.9% of the changes in the variable of sense of security can be explained through the traffic behavior of motorcyclists. The results of multiple regression showed that the highest explanatory coefficient was the variable of intentional violations by motorcycle riders (0.814) and the least explanatory was the variable of citizens' age (0.019).

Descriptive and inferential statistics showed a significant relationship between the traffic behavior of motorcycle riders and the sense of security of citizens.

Ensuring citizens’ societal security is one of the most important benefits and impacts of lighting in the urban space, which has been noticed and emphasized by urban designers. In this regard, citizens’ security feeling is influenced by the characteristics of urban lighting, which is discussed in this article.

The statistical population of the research includes the passerby citizens of Qom city, the sample size was estimated to be 384 people using the Cochran formula, and according to the limitations of the research, 384 people were randomly selected as sample. The research questionnaire was developed and distributed among the members of the statistical sample. The research method is quantitative and in a descriptive-analytical process. The resources were collected using the library method and data collection via the field approach. The analysis of data achieved from the questionnaire was made using the statistical tests of confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis in the software environment by SPSS 16.0 and Amos.

While enhancing the fields of vitality and social vitality, substantive lighting can provide citizens with a security feeling. On the other hand, the visibility of the urban space is an issue that should be taken into account due to the influence of the light angle factor, which in most cases, the presence of obstacles such as vegetation may prevent the creation of a visible space, and these factors cause the insecurity feeling. Therefore, in the first place in urban lighting plans it is necessary to pay attention to the priorities of light angle and light intensity, then light color and light temperature.

Women's social health is a crucial factor in shaping the foundations and opportunities for the growth and development of any society. Indeed, the progress and excellence of a society depend on various aspects of its health, particularly in the physical, mental, and social dimensions. The purpose of this research is to elucidate the sociological determinants influencing the social health of women in Borujerd city. The quantitative research method, utilizing the survey technique and a questionnaire tool, was employed to collect data. A statistical sample of 385 individuals was selected from the studied population.
The research findings indicate a significant relationship between the feelings of cultural security, social security, political security, economic security, intellectual security, and identity security with the social health of women. The results of multivariate regression further reveal that the sense of security influences women's social health by 0.56; in other words, 56% of the variable representing women's social health can be explained as a dependent variable through the independent variables of the research.
Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the sense of security, as a crucial sociological structure, exerts a determining effect on the social health of women. The feeling of security serves as the essence and primary foundation of social health, and the realization of social health is contingent upon establishing a sense of security across social, cultural, intellectual, identity, economic, and political dimensions.

Security is always one of the important indicators of growth and development of an urban area. This index can be injected to citizens from different aspects and improve its level. This issue is very important in some cities, including new cities around metropolises; Because new cities themselves can create new challenges. Citizens' sense of security is emphasized from different aspects in the development of cities. In this research, the purpose of evaluating the sense of security of citizens from a social and physical point of view in Sadra city has been investigated. The research method is descriptive-analytical and based on field data collection. The tool of data collection was a questionnaire, the validity of which was confirmed by elites and reliability with Cronbach's alpha equal to 0.779. Data analysis was done with statistical tests in spss software. The results of the test showed that the social and physical indicators of citizens' sense of security in Sadra city are significant at a level of less than 0.05 and are in good condition. According to the results, the best situation in the field of social indicators is related to the index of mental and psychological problems of the city's citizens with an average of 283.4 and in the field of physical indicators of feeling of security, it is related to the index of accessibility and urban connections with an average of 4.250. Also, the result of Pearson's correlation indicates that there is a correlation between the social and physical indicators of citizens' sense of security at a level less than 0.01 and with a correlation equal to 0.630. Therefore, each of the social and physical indicators can be effective in improving citizens' sense of social security.

The importance of studying the factors affecting social security feeling also emanates from the fact that without recognizing the factors that are effective and related to the feeling of safety in individuals, it will not be possible to ensure social security and public order at the level of societies. Therefore, recognizing these factors in creating social security feeling is one of the basic prerequisites in planning to improve the level of social security. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate and analyze the role of space and place in the security feeling of the residents of Mehr housing in Tehran province (Mehr Pardis Housing and Mehr Safadasht Mallard Housing).

This research was carried out using Delphi method and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The information of the present research was collected using a researcher’s questionnaire based on pairwise comparisons from a sample consisting of 21 experts in the field of social sciences in the year 2021.

As it came out during the research, the model consists of ten dimensions. These ten dimensions include high ranking and placement of residential blocks, inappropriate location on the outskirts of the city and being far from urban services, public areas and green belts, the distance between the blocks, roads, citizens’ participation, social relations( relationship network), feeling of belonging to the neighborhood, visual comfort and hearing comfort. The final rank of the criteria in the FAHP method shows that the highest score is related to the dimension of the distance between the blocks, followed by citizens’ participation, social relations (relationship network), sense of belonging to the neighborhood, public areas and green belts, roads, visual comfort, high-rise construction and deployment of residential blocks, hearing comfort and inappropriate location on the outskirts of the city and being far from urban services centers are in the next ranks.

Social health is among the most important and effective parameters in the development of any society. Social health includes the quality and manner of a person's connection and interaction in society. Although women's health in physical, mental, and social dimensions is considered the most important foundation of society's health; compared to other dimensions of health, the social health of this group has not received adequate attention. The present research aims to analyze the relationship between security feeling and the social health of women in Khorramabad city.

In terms of method the research is based on a comparative strategy, quantitative method, survey technique, and questionnaire tool. The studied population is women ranging from 15 to 64 in Khorramabad and N= 400. The social security feeling has been measured by taking into consideration 6 dimensions with a researcher-made questionnaire, and social health has been measured in 5 dimensions using the Keys scale. Research data was collected based on multi-stage cluster sampling and questionnaires.

The findings of the research indicate that there is a significant relationship between the feeling of intellectual security and social health (0.54); between the feeling of identity security and social health (0.57); between the feeling of social security and social health (0.65); between the feeling of political security and social health ( 0.34. ), between the feeling of cultural security and social health (0.53) and between the feeling of economic security and social health of women living in Khorramabad city (0.46). Also, the results of multivariate regression indicate that security feeling affects social health (0.43).That is to say 43 percent of the social health, the variable can be explained and forecasted as a dependent variable through the security feeling.

In a university setting that includes the elite of society, sense of social security is considered one of the most fundamental principles of development. because, if they do not sense of security on university setting, the human capital of the country would be unable to fulfill its primary mission. So, in this context, this paper attempts to estimate the sense amount of social security and impact of social capital, economic capital, cultural capital and Religious investigated on sense of social security. the research was conducted through a survey. The statistical population of this study is undergraduate students of Tabriz University that number is a 13,000 people. Of these, 384 were selected randomly based on stratified sampling(Multi-stage). Of these, 384 were selected randomly based on stratified sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. reliability and validity of the questionnaire variables are indicating high and acceptable reliability and validity. findings show that rate of social security sense has a above to moderate levels. also,the findings showed that the amount of social security in terms of gender and ethnicity of students are the same and the difference was not significant. overall, the results from the structural equation model show that variables of social capital, religious and economic capital explained to 12 percent of the variable variance of sense of social security among students.

Security has always been considered as the basis for the development of societies. The question is, what effect did the mass media have on the sense of security in Sistan and Baluchistan province? In response to this question, mass media have been investigated using descriptive-analytical method and information has been collected in a library form. In this regard, the role of mass media in the form of cinema and television and domestic and foreign news media has been investigated. Based on the findings of the research, the performance of the media in Sistan and Baluchistan province, both domestically and internationally, with symbolizing and creating negative images and presenting an image that does not match reality, including the symbol of drug trafficking, terrorism, poverty and deprivation in cinematographic works and highlighting The news with security issues in the news media and the representation of this province with ethnic and religious prejudices, separatism and extremism have acted as a factor reducing the sense of security and caused an unrealistic image of this province to be formed in public opinion.

Security is considered one of the necessities of human life, so that since the beginning of history, the most time and money have been spent in different societies to establish security. The current research has been carried out with an emphasis on identifying unsafe points and providing local solutions in order to improve the sense of security among women living in the 19th district of Tehran Municipality.

In this study, qualitative research method and mixed content analysis strategy was used. The target community was women in the 19 districts of Tehran and the samples were selected by targeted sampling. In the data collection phase, the semi-structural and non-participatory observation tools were used and theoretical saturation was obtained after the 27th</sup> interview. The analysis of the qualitative data was done using the MAXDA 2020 software with the directive coding method.

The findings show that the most important causes of insecurity among women are the lack of visibility of place, light and lighting, and visual pollution, emphasizing the presence of homeless and addicts in public spaces, especially "neighborhood gardens". The next case, which is of great importance in creating insecurity in the region, was mentioned under the index of insecure and defenseless urban spaces, the two elements of "Kholazir" and "Kooreha". Due to its fully masculine activities and staff and brick kilns because of its activities and tutorials, they have played an important role in creating a sense of insecurity in the region.

To minimize the sense of insecurity in the region and its negative consequences, projects need to be planned to "create and strengthen local social oversight" with a community-based approach and, on the other hand, brick kilns and the market of kholazir should be organized. Social oversight can be established and strengthened both by official organizations, including law enforcement, and by local community through neighborhood-based social facilitation and promotion plans.