اخلاق کاربردی

This research delves deeply into the issues and challenges associated with artificial intelligence (AI) and moral judgment, seeking to answer the fundamental question of how AI can play a role in human moral decision-making. 

The study employs an analytical-descriptive approach, utilizing library research to examine existing literature and resources related to AI, ethics, and moral judgment. 

AI, through complex algorithms and machine learning, is capable of processing information and making decisions across various domains. The application of AI in moral judgment offers benefits such as increased accuracy, speed, and impartiality. However, several challenges persist, including a lack of understanding of moral nuances, bias, and a deficiency in creativity and innovation. 

Currently, fully entrusting moral judgment to AI is unreliable. AI can serve as a tool to assist humans in the moral judgment process, but final decision-making should remain with humans.

Religious propagators in cyberspace face various ethical conflicts, and making appropriate decisions in these cases requires careful consideration of the rational and religious arguments surrounding the doubts and conflicts. The aim of this paper is to resolve four cases of ethical conflicts faced by propagators in this space. 

Data collection and identification of ethical conflicts were conducted using field and library methods. To address these conflicts, an analytical-ijtihad approach was employed, relying on reasoning and inference. 

This article examines four cases of ethical conflicts encountered by religious propagators. The first conflict arises between the necessity of conducting flow analysis for doubt resolution and the need to avoid dubious spaces. The second conflict is between the necessity of religious propagation and responding to doubts, and the need to avoid mingling with non-mahrams in private spaces. The third conflict involves the necessity of religious propagation and the need to prevent wasting time and life. The fourth conflict occurs between the necessity of content creation and exploration in cyberspace and the need to avoid obscene images.

By examining the arguments surrounding each conflict, it was concluded that the first conflict is hypothetical and does not occur in practice. In the second and third conflicts, the necessity of propagation takes precedence over its common harms, and practical suggestions are provided to mitigate these harms. The fourth conflict can also be resolved by clarifying the ruling on looking at such images.

The ethics of social networks is a nascent research branch which has sprouted from the main trunk of applied ethics. This growing literature discusses Web-based social networks in their relations with issues like identity, privacy, and the concept of friendship. In this paper, attempts have been made to develop the list of subjects discussed in the field to include the phenomenon of solitude and its relations with broad changes that social networks have brought about in today’s man lifestyle. Solitude is a rich experience in human life and has been broadly reflected upon in literary, mystical, and philosophical writings of all traditions in the East and West. Contrary to the feeling of loneliness and isolation, this experience is not an unpleasant one. It is full of outstanding exclusive spiritual qualities. In this paper, attempts have been made to discuss the nature, dimensions, and virtues of solitude to show that newly emerging technologies, particularly social networks, will gradually put this experience out of human reach if they are used carelessly and recklessly.

Since the last decade, scientists, ordinary people and politicians have become increasingly aware of the importance of ethics in social research. Scientists, especially social scientists, found that the lack of ethics in the science may threaten the coherence, integrity and establishment of social research. Because in a sense science is constituted by society and relies on public financial and spiritual support, social scientists have social responsibility and they should get involved in a kind of research which is based on society and its characteristics. Therefore, we should pay more attention to social interests. Giving that we can say science has many social and professional aspects. Methods and Materials: This paper attempts to show the importance of ethical standards in applied sociology as well as in solving social problems. Our research methodology is of non-experimental research and secondary analysis. Accordingly, we present the questions of the research as follow:1)What are the reasons by which ethics become very important for applied sociology?2)How can ethical standards help us to reach at a successful practice of applied sociology?3)What is the ethical responsibility of applied sociology for clients?4)How do ethical standards can help to solve social problems?5)What is the ethical responsibility of sociologists in research and social intervention?Discussion of Results and This paper examines the role and importance of ethical standards in applied sociology. Applied ethics discusses the ways we use the normative ethical theories about different affairs. Also, applied ethics explicitly focuses on the objective and detailed things and it attempts to solve the ethical problems. Moreover, ethics implicitly includes practical norms by which we can distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. Ethical norms are very widespread so that sometimes we imagine that it is a part of common sense. They provide a series of ethical principles and rules that constitute the underpinnings of professional practice and responsibilities. These are used as guiding principles. These principles constitute a system of normative judgment for sociologists. These also guide us to a series of principles that sociologists may be faced with them in their professions.A series of professional associations accepted some of the ethical rules and strategies about the ethical behavior and the ways of empowerment of it. These rules summarize the principles and strategies that sociologists should be followed in their everyday professional activities. These rules are consisted of professional competency, integrity, scientific and ethical responsibility, respect for human rights and dignity and accepting variety and social responsibility. In general, applied ethics includes individual sphere as well as the social sphere. Applied ethics in the individual sphere consisted of family ethics, personal relationship such as friendship with others as well as relationship with the young and the elderly. Applied ethics in social sphere includes biotechnology, medicine, political, legal, and media issues, sports and so on.Applied sociology is a branch of sociology whose mission is to use theories and methods of sociology to directly intervene in social affairs and bring positive social change for solving social problems. Such sociological practice recognize benefits of direct engagement and intervention of sociology in the process of planning and problem solving to create social changes. Sociological practice as a model is a subset of sociological practice in general. One of the main points of sociological practice is to use applied social research and give clients the needed information by experts. This information is applied to describe social systems, problematic issues and problems that must be solved. The characteristic of such sociological practice is that it actively participates in the cliental systems, that it may be a part of a team group that use a sociological insight to help come up with applied strategies for change and solving problems. Therefore, as an agent of intervention and change, sociological practice include the active and ongoing participation of all experts and they should attempt to work with clients. Thus sociological practice includes a structuring formula by which it provides required instruments. Individuals and groups attempt to communicate with each other in order to get help and solve social problems.Ethics include principles and standards that constitute the basis of professional responsibilities and activities and these should be taking as guiding principles. These laws should supervise research procedures and be prepared to suggest ways of responding to complaints about unethical behavior. We recommend that there are five principles in different fields that sociologists should follow. They include: professional competency, integrity, scientific and ethical responsibilities, respect for the rights and status of humans and accepting their diversity.