اشغال

Throughout the history، wars have many wanted and unwanted consequences which have great impact on the present and future situation of conflict society and its surrounding areas. Among them displacement، Immigration and mass Refugee، deploy and prevalence of Violence culture and extremism، culture and civilization monument destruction، serious threat to the family، social solidarity and degradation of collective identity reduction، by increasing divisions ethnic and religious divisions and also cultural and social disorders and constructed false identities and so on can be mentioned. Raiding on Iraq and occupying this country was no exception. It has had many cultural and social consequences which has subjected Iraq under too many social and cultural damages and Disruptions. All of them were resulted from violence، insecurity and instability caused by the war and the occupation of the country، while news about the cultural consequences of the occupation، often have been focused on Ancient relics destruction and looting of the country and less has been said about another dimensions of occupation. This paper after discussing cultural consequences regarding to the issue of identity and positive impact on Iraqi culture in new law of the country، attempts to present a proper assessment of the cultural consequences of the occupation of the country. At last the question of the research، what have been the cultural consequences of the occupation، would be answered.

Bahram Beizayi can be regarded as one of the few contemporary Iranian writers with a specific style since 1960s. He is a person mostly recalled to be a director and playwright. However، a remarkable part of his activities which has not received the attention is his method of screen writing. It can be claimed that his screen plays have not yet been studied as well as his plays. The current research tries to study three screen plays of Beiza’i within the theoretical framework of Maureen Murdock named The Heroine`s Journey، which is a new approach to Joseph Campbell’s model of analyzing the characters as the mythical travelers. The three screenplays considered are Sag-Koshi (Killing Dogs)، Eshqâl (Invasion)، and Haqâyeq dar bâreye Leylâ doxtare Edris (Facts about Leila، Edris’s Daughter)، and tries to show that Murdock’s model may be applicable to the heroines of these three screenplays.

In the eyes of contemporary Palestinian poets the Occupied Land illustrates a sweetheart boasting an endless number of ravishing names. The poet gets their way through to their sweetheart (homeland) by a figment of their imagination and takes a specific and different look at it. After the start of hardships in Palestine and its occupation at the pinnacle of crises, the “woman” was looked at as a symbol to express feelings and show the strong love of homeland. For this very reason, in order to motivate their hopeless citizens, they have pictured Palestine allegorically as a beauty incarcerated and the youths struggle to set her free with bestowing their lives. The gender of Muslim Palestinian poets has definitely been affective on quality of the way of they utilize the symbol and their opinion towards it. This study seeks to find the symbolic points of views of Palestinian poets through the works and ideas of two prominent poets of that land: Fadavi Toqan and Abou Salma.

A group of Palestinians became refugees in neighboring Arab countries after their homeland was occupied by Israel. Other part of the population continued to reside in the occupied country at Karate Gerbil and Ghazi, but they have lost the peace, and the political stability and establishment. Consequently, this disordered situation affected Palestinian poetry.Refugee status, exile, massacre, pillage, confiscation of the land and the property, demolition and destruction, etc caused the Palestinian poets to reflect their compatriot's endless sufferings post 1948. This has strengthened the Palestinians’ adherence to their national poetry. Thus, the spirit of the resistance and the liberation of the occupied homeland have become the main goal of the Palestinian Mojahids to promote and support the National Palestinian Movement

The protection of fundamental human rights at the time of war or peace is an obligation that should be observed at anytime by the states and international organizations. After the Second World War, the non-peaceful situations such as occupation and economic sanctions have occurred numerously, which in some cases lasted for more than a decade. Unfortunately, the laws governing these situations are not implemented properly, and therefore fundamental human rights of people, especially their life, integrity and security, have been violated. This article aims at considering legal rules and their effectiveness in protecting fundamental human rights at the times of occupation and economic sanctions. This study is based primarily on the conventional and customary international legal rules.