توییتر

In today's digital age, it is undeniable that internet penetration rates continue to rise, and social media's influence has transformed consumers into content creators. Brands and businesses recognize the opportunity to connect with their key stakeholders through social media to avoid potential risks. The atmosphere of social media platforms and the ability to analyze audience engagement methods have become essential for brands to navigate this landscape successfully. Digikala, as the leading online retail platform in Iran, takes advantage of the potential of diverse social media channels to realize its objectives. Furthermore, the unique and general atmosphere predominant on Twitter, a microblogging platform, necessitates a nuanced understanding of user interaction. In light of these considerations, the present research aims to analyze the way in which the audience-customers engage with the Digikala brand on Twitter. The objective of the research is applied and exploratory in nature. A quantitative approach has been utilized, complemented by data mining and network analysis of social networks. The hashtag platform, a social media monitoring tool, has been utilized to collect and analyze data, specifically focusing on internet-sourced tweets. In the scope of this study, the initial step involved gathering tweets from Twitter users that contained keywords pertaining to Digikala. Following the analysis of these tweets, an attempt was made to discern the patterns reflecting audience-customer engagement with the brand. To conclude, a time series chart of the content publishing process, time series and trend of emotions or sentiments pertaining to the content, keywords, and super hashtags, as well as the topic modeling of the data collected were illustrated. Additionally, the most prominent trends and topics observed in the engagement of Twitter users with the Digikala brand were pinpointed.

The pervasive use of technology among children and adolescents has made issues related to their digital life a new public concern. This issue has engaged various stakeholders including parents, educators, child rights advocates, technology companies, and policymakers. Each of these stakeholders has its own perspectives and concerns about cyberspace and how to govern it. This study aims at identifying the main stakeholders in the cyberspace policy for children and adolescents as well as to identify the uncertainties that affect policymaking in this area. To this end, the content of 356,210 tweets in the 8 months leading up to August 2023 was analyzed using content analysis and social network analysis methods. The results show that there are 5 main stakeholder groups in cyberspace for children and adolescents: parents, educators, child rights advocates, technology companies, and policymakers. These stakeholders engage in dialogue with each other on 6 main topics: access to educational resources, global communication, creativity and self-expression, digital literacy and skills, cyberbullying and harassment, privacy risks, and digital addiction and mental health. This study identified three pairs of influential policy uncertainties, each of which was favored by one or more stakeholder groups: the uncertainty of global governance advocates versus local governance advocates, the uncertainty of open access to information advocates versus information security advocates, and the uncertainty of free market advocates versus government intervention advocates. The diversity of stakeholders and their views on cyberspace is a major challenge for policymakers. Policymakers must seek ways to balance the interests and concerns of different stakeholders while taking this diversity into account.

This research examines the impact of mainstream media content being influenced by Twitter trends and discussions. The adaptation of Twitter’s microblogging communication characteristics to professional journalism has brought both hopes and concerns. On one hand, themes such as the democratization of communications, the breakdown of gatekeeping, and the expansion of media access are highlighted as achievements of this process. On the other hand, issues such as reality manipulation, the spread of fake news, and cultural radicalism are raised as negative consequences. In this study, semi-structured interviews with journalists were conducted to explore the factors affecting the degree of Twitterization of journalistic content and to evaluate the opportunities and challenges of this process from the interviewees’ perspectives. The research adopts a qualitative approach, and the data obtained were summarized and categorized using thematic analysis. After conducting thematic analysis based on the methods of Braun and Clarke, core themes corresponding to the main and sub-questions of the research were classified into three distinct categories: factors influencing the degree of newsroom susceptibility to Twitter trends, and the opportunities and challenges arising from this susceptibility.

The ever-increasing expansion and diversity of social networks, both in terms of the number of users and the expansion of its use in different dimensions, brought the world into a new era that completely changed the equations and structure of human life. On the one hand, human social interactions changed and human communication became more and more flexible. In the meantime, the influential users of social networks as one of the important elements in social networks have a greater contribution and effect on public opinion and the approach of users and people every day. The image that is formed from the data published by these users of an organization plays a significant role in the image of the entire organization in social networks and public opinion. . Therefore, the purpose of this research is to investigate the characteristics and role of Persian Twitter influencers, especially the role of these users in the image of an organization, which has been investigated in the form of a case study of Islamic Azad University as a large and multifaceted organization.

This research has analyzed the raw data of Twitter social network using data mining technique. In the first step, by extracting the top Twitter users in terms of the number of followers, I presented an initial picture of the political approach and... and in the second step, by focusing on public raw data, it was extracted from the Twitter social network of these users, and after refining the raw data into data Structured transformation and analysis was done on the data.

The findings of this research are based on the two components of the political approach and following the influencers. On the other hand, the content published by the same users about Azad University shows that the political portrayal and corruption of the university have the main contribution, and the contribution of student issues and problems such as tuition fees or scientific and research topics is insignificant.

What is clear from the study of influencers on social networks is its position and impact on public opinion and the general society, as well as paying attention to active platforms among Persian and Iranian users, such as Twitter, which can have a serious effect on the media sphere. If the country has one, it is possible to understand the importance of Twitter influencers in the current environment, which causes the accuracy of its specifications and details and their classification in the scientific opinion and research in indicators such as political approach or the number of followers. And also the field of activity drew more detailed findings of the level of influence and their role..

In today's world, social networks that have become a part of people's daily life, including Twitter, Telegram, Instagram, etc., are increasing and expanding day by day. Therefore, the number of their users is also increasing and as a result, a large amount of data is being exchanged and stored in these network; and this huge amount of data has turned social networks, especially Twitter, into big data. It is very important to manage, organize and prune these big data, as well as to predict the behavior of social network users.
One of the most important and effective methods for predicting user relationships in social networks is classification techniques, which in most of the applications and researches in the background of the research, are still based on criteria such as ‘accuracy; and accuracy of prediction. have weakness In this article, in order to predict the user relationship in Twitter social networks, the cumulative classification method based on voting, which has two basic steps, has been used. In the first step, by using basic classification algorithms including nearest neighbor, decision tree, random forest and simple Bayesian, the outputs of each classification are obtained. In the second step, the final output of cumulative classification is calculated using the voting method. The results of the experiments on the dataset of the Twitter social network and based on the criteria of accuracy, correctness and coverage, argue that the proposed cumulative classification method based on voting has more favorable results than It has other algorithms

Starting October 2018, Twitter removed thousands of users attributed to Iran, Russia, China, Venezuela, Bangladesh, Catalonia, Saudi Arabia, Ecuador, United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Spain. In its last effort, on February 2021 Twitter released data from 238 deleted users attributed to Iran, while the data was collected on December 2020. The reason behind this deletion was claimed as Iran's attempts at affecting the 2020 US Presidential Elections.This article will review the mechanical and human methods used for creation and distribution of fake news and also the mechanical methods for recognizing such content. Then the data from 238 removed users attributed to Iran up to December 2020 was first processed using scripts written with Python and finally analyzed for Social Network Analysis using the Kumu visualization tool. Nodes and edges show that there is in fact strong relations within removed users. Analysis of user langauges and profile bios showed that kost of the removed users claimed to not be from Iran and some had political tweets regarding the US Presidential Elections.

Social networks based on Web 2 have provided some possibilities for reporters to cover conflicts, regardless of organizational constraints. The main concern of this article is how much the journalists are involved in covering the water conflict in Gheyzaniyeh, and did they use the peace journalism news values for conflict resolution?To answer these questions, we used a mixed-methods of network analysis and thematic analysis. Then, after extracting 51,169 tweets about Gheyzaniyeh in the period of six mounth we identified the users who spread messages. In the other words, we Identified Connectors, mavens, and salesmen.We also specified the three clusters with the highest percentage based on the modularity index. afterward, by the method of thematic analysis and based on the peace journalism model the forms of violence has specified.The results show that journalists are not the main actors in spreading messages within the network, and instead, all main users tweet with unknown accounts.mainstream accounts (like BBC Persian and Manoto TV) have the most reached tweets and the most posts have been tweeted at the time of the conflict (June 1) and they have a reactive-oriented approach, which in practice creates the polarised between the Rouhani government - the Revolutionary Guards and the State - people.Also, a special review of the tweets of journalists who have published tweets during this period, shows that they have a more analytical approach than ordinary users and try to give users more background information about what happened instead of emotional reaction.

Today, many fields of research and business deal with the thoughts, images and mental patterns of their users and audiences. Knowing and being aware of the way of thinking of people, customers and audiences of a collection has a great impact on making appropriate decisions by the managers of that collection, in order to advance the goals and solve various problems. One of the important requirements of managers in any collection is to have sufficient knowledge of how they think about the collection and its performance. This helps them guide the group properly and make appropriate decisions in the way of advancing its goals. Therefore, collecting data from customers should be done with measured and accurate methods to achieve high quality information and obtain valid results. This research, by raising the question of "how can you use the analysis of people's feelings to find out how they think about a certain issue?", tries to provide a new approach on the platform of the Twitter social network to obtain reliable and high-quality information from people in relation to a certain topic. The purpose of the current research is to provide a new approach to collect data from people, in order to measure their perception about a specific issue. It will also examine the impact of the presented method on the speed, quality and cost of collecting data from people using a case study approach.

In this research, their comments on the social network Twitter were used to check the satisfaction of users of three internet taxi applications in Iran, namely Snap, Tapsi, and Carpino. The data collection approach used in this research was descriptive, with results used by users, managers, and researchers. The research population consisted of all users of the three applications and members of the Twitter social network who had published their thoughts about these applications. The research collected and analyzed a total of 682 relevant tweets cross-sectionally during the summer of 1400 using the Twitter application interface and related hashtags. The analysis steps included data collection, pre-processing of tweets - including linguistic, sentiment, and thematic analysis, followed by sentiment analysis.Discussion and

The comparison of the analysis results from this research to the face-to-face interview method showed that the participation of respondents was challenging, and the traditional field method came with its own disadvantages. However, this method is able to overcome those issues and provide reliable results at a lower cost and time. Moreover, the results obtained from analyzing the data collected were similar to the results obtained through the face-to-face interview method, which speaks to the accuracy and quality of the data. Overall, the proposed method can provide valuable insights into people's thoughts and opinions on a particular topic, at a lower cost and time.

The proposed method can be widely applicable to various fields, including business, research, and even everyday life. Managers, researchers, and business owners can use it to collect data and insights from their target audience, which can be analyzed to make informed decisions. Further development of the method can lead to even more useful and accurate reports, helping individuals and businesses stay ahead of their competitors. All students and researchers dealing with data collection can use this method to conduct their studies more effectively. Additionally, market research companies can use it to gain valuable feedback from consumers, informing their next steps in providing products and services.Overall, the applications of this research are far-reaching, and it provides a valuable resource for individuals and organizations looking to better understand their audience.Keywords: Sentiment analysis, text mining, how people think, Twitter, Internet taxi.

This article, with a theoretical lens made from the combination of "Good Urban Governance" and "Cultural Citizenship in the Age of Information", seeks to answer the question of how the two-way interaction of citizens and urban management can be understood through modern tools of information and communication technology. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of gaining an understanding of the public opinion flow in cyberspace, and finding a pattern of urban interactions in it. For this, 18095 Instagram posts and 48300 Tweets were collected, and their quantitative and qualitative classification was done by quantitative content analysis and thematic analysis method. Then, a model of urban interactions was drawn. According to the findings of this study, urban activist groups on Twitter and Instagram can be divided into five categories: "Urban Management", "Governing Actors Related to Urban Management", "Political Groups", "People" and "Mass Media". The comparison of Instagram and Twitter shows a significant difference in this regard, and it can be said that the focus on Twitter, due to the diversity of active groups in it, more than Instagram can reflect the state of urban interactions on social media. Unlike Instagram, Twitter is dominated by content with a negative orientation towards Tehran's urban management, and actor interactions sometimes take a hostile approach.

The purpose of this research is to describe and explain how metaverse events are represented on Twitter from a discourse point of view. For this purpose, the current research analyzes metaverse news that is reported on Twitter, in order to determine the different angles of this representation. In this regard, we used critical discourse analysis with Foucault's approach. Although it is difficult to separate theory and method in Foucault's works; But the power-knowledge-discourse triangle, which is Foucault's main methodological theme, became the basis of the research method. To clarify this issue in the Twitter news discourse, we first identified and analyzed the elements of the object, subject, concepts and strategy; Then we analyzed the debates related to silence, the consequences of silence, rarefaction and the discourse system that have been raised in Foucault's genealogy. According to Foucault's discourse analysis, the object is the capabilities of the metaverse; in such a way that the discourse is about the metaverse event and its characteristics and speaks about it. The subject is the management and education department of metaverse phenomena; the owners of these phenomena have a serious verbal action as a subject position, and their words and decisions are taken seriously, and they have a strong practical action and are considered to be the right words. The concept is users' rights; Concepts have been formed in line with the opinions of subject positions and have become believable, they speak about the object and thus we know the object. All these concepts and objects and subjects are under the macro view called strategy or solution; this strategy is participation of people, Twitter represents metaverse events based on Foucauldian discourse by creating these four discourse elements.

With the increasing use of new communication technologies, public opinion management tools have also undergone fundamental changes; both in terms of method and theoretical foundations, there have been developments in the field of public opinion management that double the need to review and develop the theoretical literature of the past. What is now being referred to as a new way of managing public opinion in recent years, and especially after the 2016 US election, is the issue of "social manipulation". The authors believe that Iran is one of the countries that is exposed to hostile social manipulation by regional and supra-regional powers due to its special communication position. To this end, with the framework of hostile social manipulation, the cyber actions of Saudi Arabia against the Islamic Republic of Iran have been studied. For the present study, more than 900,000 data related to Iran in Arabic were extracted by Twitter from the social network Twitter until 2021 & 2022 years; Then, using the network analysis method, the activity of Saudi users has been specially studied. The results of the study show that Saudi Arabia, with its hostile social manipulation techniques, especially by investing in cyber tools, seeks to discredit, destabilize, weaken, and sometimes promote specific groups and institutions that are important to the country's competitive power.

Cyberspace today is more than just technology.Social networks and messengers are slowly but steadily entering all areas of human life and affect various areas,including politics and culture. Due to some of its unique features, the social network "Twitter" has been able to find a large audience among politicians in cyberspace; In a way, a new term has been coined, called"Twiplomacy"or "Twitter-diplomacy"; Politicians have reached out to a wide audience in various countries via Twitter and expanded the boundaries of their public diplomacy.This study seeks to make a comparative study of how Iranian and American politicians use the Twitter tool; The subject of this study is the martyrdom of General Qassem Soleimani, commander of the Quds Force of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The time period in the study of the twiplomacy of the two countries has been ten days from the day of General Soleimani's martyrdom (from3to13January2020). Data collection was done by purposive method and due to the limited volume of data, the counting method was used instead of sampling.At the end of the study, confirming the hypothesis of maximum use of the right-wing Twitter compared to the Democratic current, it was found that US twiplomacy mainly sought to convince public opinion about the legitimacy of its assassination of General Soleimani and the need for domestic political unity against Iran.While Iran's twiplomacy has been mainly based on emotional discourse and around the expression of General Soleimani's personality traits and the certainty of taking revenge on the perpetrators of his assassination.

Text-centric social media platforms such as Twitter play an important role in shaping public opinion to the extent that users can frame what they perceive as a reality. The purpose of the present study was to examine public opinion about the Football Federation elections on Twitter. Therefore, after the Football Federation elections, 2531 tweets were extracted by searching for hashtags and Brown and Clark (2006) approach was used to discover the themes, which yielded 57 subthemes. subthemes produced the 7 main themes "Characters and Stars", "Football Community", "Football Structure", "Non-Football", "Media", "Football Emotions" and "Corruption in Football" on Twitter. The findings showed that Twitter helps users create frames that traditional media cannot or do not want to create. Studying frames shows how users use social media to overcome traditional media coverage, provide alternatives, and change perceptions.

A crisis is a low-probability, high-impact event that threatens the viability of the organization and has various social effects according to its dimensions. Crisis communication is the dialog between the organization and its public(s) prior to, during and after the negative occurrence. The dialog details strategies and tactics designed to minimize damage to the image of the organization. This research relies on theories such as apologia, image restoration, and situational crisis communication. The samples of the research reported in this article are more than 500 tweets in Persian about two crisis events: The crumble of the Plasco building on June 19, 2016, and the ISIS operation to the Iranian parliament and Imam Khomeini’s shrine on June 7, 2017.The method of doing this research is based on pragmatic paradigm, mixed methods tradition and eventually the deep content analysis. In order to do that, the MRP software could assist the researchers. Consequently, the research found that the censorship of the information during the crisis can spread rumors. People were frustrated due to rumors within a week after each crisis. In contrast, the author has found that rapid news sharing and timely transmission of information can play a role, leading to the reduction of rumors.

Twitter is a global communication network that has become an instrument of diplomacy and promotion of international social capital of countries in the current era. Twitter has played an important role in US foreign policy, especially after the JCPOA. The problem is that the JCPOA, as the most important achievement of Iranian diplomacy, is in danger. In the meantime, Iranian diplomacy has achieved a good result with the help of the growth of communication technology. The main question in this paper is “what role does Twitter play in the power of Iranian diplomacy in the JCPOA, a capacity to strengthen international social capital when the United States withdraws from it?” The research method of this paper is a qualitative content analysis of the tweets of the political leaders of Iran and the United States. A total of 5700 tweets were analyzed using Maxqda 18 software. Based on the strategic narrative approach and soft power, the analysis of the content of the tweets shows that Iran has defined an active diplomacy to influence the United States in withdrawing from the JPCOA to restore attitudes, trust, and identity, which are important elements in producing international social capital. Promoting this important cause by relying on the sources of social capital production has created a new image of it in the international community. The main elements of social capital, i.e. participation and trust, have the ability to spread in the international space. The use of the same elements allows the concept of soft power, formed in the form of elements such as politics, culture and values, to be used with these resources. Finding and creating new dimensions. This has serious implications in the context of participation. The higher the level of government participation in international organizations, treaties and institutions, the greater the effectiveness of social capital, is worth considering (Mushirzadeh &Vaseinejad, 2018). Its dynamics is based on the goodwill of members to reciprocate positive interactions (Bigart & Deliberg, 2004). It is also a social capital for international security (Shirkhani & Vaseizadeh, 2012). Considering the importance of building trust, it is a ubiquitous category that can be effective in using international social capital for communication networks.The Iranian narrative about itself, the United States, and the JCPOA has been active in the context of generating soft power in the form of partnership development and trust as two effective factors for generating soft power. In other words, as international trust and the participation of countries in the international arena can be considered in the context of the soft power of these countries. Soft power is generated on the basis of trust and trust is a prerequisite for soft power (Moshirzadeh & Vaseinejad, 2018). Iran ultimately seeks a position (of equality based on mutual respect) and seeks to create or promote an alternative order that serves its national interests rather than the prevailing order (acting in accordance with international law rather than coercion). The success of the Iranian narrative requires the deliberate creation and dissemination of the narrative in the new media ecosystem, on behalf of Twitter, and maximizing its impact on the audience (persuasion). This requires adopting a point of view and a method based on a systematic scientific method, because trial and error in the new media ecosystem-and especially in the current situation-can be costly not only for Iran but for the entire world. Iranian foreign policy relies on the triangle of nationalism, Islamism, and commitment to the structure of government in the modern world to explain self-awareness and to guide governments and nations toward a true image.

The popularity of the Olympic Games is so great that Games hosting tries to use a wide range of tools to protect the Olympic brand, achieve hosting goals, and connect with audiences. As one of the tools, social media has become an important part of media policies of sport events. The aim of the present study is to investigate the use of Twitter, as a social media in the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games. In this study, the official twitter account of the 2020 Olympic Games Organizing Committee was reviewed from 2014 to the end of 2019. Finally, with the text-mining of 2,364 tweets published online at the timeline of the Tokyo 2020 account hashtags, tags, number of likes, retweets, and multimedia including photos, videos and gifs used in tweets were extracted. What is generally evident in Twitter-related research that the most important operator on this platform is retweets. Despite the increase in the number of retweets, the main goals of an organization can be achieved on Twitter. In fact, hashtags, hyperlinks, tag, and the use of multimedia content are used to increase user engagement in terms of the number of retweets.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the content and evaluation of the Twitter of the Iranian and US Foreign Ministers aimed at identifying the "media diplomacy structure of Iranian and American politicians on Twitter."Social networks such as Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram have played a key role in the political arena, complicating political relationships and gaining more prominence in media diplomacy. .In order to answer the research questions and achieve the desired goals, content analysis method with two categories and evaluation techniques was used. The statistical population of this study is the total number of tweets of Iranian and US Foreign Ministers on Twitter in 2016-2019. The unit of analysis in this study is the Twitter posts (tweets) of the Iranian and US foreign ministers.The results show that the media diplomacy of the two countries has different aspects. Through its media diplomacy, Iran has been trying to emphasize its commitment to international commitments such as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), and on the other hand points to the non-fulfillment of US commitments.US media diplomacy is also against Iran. The United States is trying to portray Iran as one of the main proponents of terrorism and to make all of Iran's actions destabilizing the Middle East. It can be said that the United States is trying to represent Iran as a state sponsored by terrorism and destabilizing the Middle East through the efforts of its foreign ministers on Twitter.

Using Social Network Analysis (SNA), the present article explored a network containing 7885 people and 9927 ties among Arab speaking ISIS supporters in Twitter. The aim of this research was to explore the structure of the relationship among previously mentioned users, investigating the advantages and disadvantages of this structure for ISIS, and identifying the key nodes based on centrality measures. Based on the findings of this study, the network of the Arab speaking ISIS supporters in Twitter during February and March 2019 consisted of a decentralized deep structure with a long diameter and clusters which had a week tie with one another and the whole network. This structure could lead to flexibility, stability and agility of the network and it could also preserve the anonymity of the key ISIS supporters. The researchers determined the nodes with the highest centrality scores, and divided the ISIS supporters into 3 distinctive groups: key users, connectors, and followers.

The capacity of social media has made the issue of water crisis, as the biggest environmental problem in the country, one of the most important topics on Persian Twitter. The subject of this research is the framing of water crisis messages based on the environmental justice approach. Leading research question is how environmental journalists and environmental activists active on Twitter frame the water crisis on the basis of environmental justice? To answer this question, the Twitter pages of 30 environmental journalists and environmental activists active on Twitter were monitored between 12 December 1995 and 15 June 1998, and tweets related to the water crisis were collected. After determining the subject, data related to environmental justice were extracted and then analyzed by the qualitative method of framework analysis. In Twitter, due to the predominance of political views, in many cases, fake news has been used to frame issues, but due to the effectiveness of these fake news, we have to pay attention to them in the analysis. Findings indicate that the most important components related to the framework of social justice in the field of water from the perspective of environmental journalists are: lack of attention to ethnic rights or neglect in the issue of water, the dominance of the center model Water management, ignoring women as the main victims of the water crisis.

Nowadays, many users share their ideas and opinions with others on various social networks. The mass volume of raw data generated on social networks has made them a repository full of ideas, thoughts and concerns of countless users noticing which can play a decisive role in micro and macro decisions. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify people's social concerns by using text analysis methods on Twitter to be included in future plans for social innovation and social entrepreneurship. To achieve this goal, tweets related to social innovation and social entrepreneurship were extracted from Twitter in a new way and analyzed using text mining techniques and algorithms such as topic modeling of LDA and sentiment analysis. The text mining findings showed that users in the field of social entrepreneurship generally focused on issues such as the need to pay attention to employment in Chabahar, holding free events to identify ideas, and opportunities and the problems of raising capital in entrepreneurial projects. Also, in the field of social innovation, users have paid more attention to issues such as the need to care for the disabled, construction of dental centers, the establishment of greenhouses in the southern regions of the country, and empowerment of women. In addition, the analysis of Persian tweets' sentiments about social entrepreneurship and social innovation showed positive results. Given the positive results of analyzing people's feelings towards social entrepreneurship and social innovation and the identified topics, programs and decisions can be considered in future planning to address people's concerns, which can ultimately increase people's satisfaction and their level of well-being.