جوانان

Reports show that widespread and continuous youth unemployment is common in Kermanshah city, in many low-income neighborhoods, young people do not have family support to earn a living. This study examines livelihood and survival strategies among underprivileged youth in deprived areas of Kermanshah city. The research data has been collected through qualitative method and using interview and observation techniques, the sample size is 30 young people living in deprived areas of Kermanshah city, thematic or thematic analysis method has been used as a data analysis strategy. . In this research, the survival strategies of young people living in deprived areas of Kermanshah have been examined in several important categories: the strategy of providing housing, marriage, education, food, borrowing and fluid livelihood. some of The most important categories of the current research are: utilitarian and functionalist view of the category of marriage, the ineffectiveness of education in the labor market, low-quality shelter and the adoption of strategies to maintain the existing situation, food poverty and the removal of quality food from the table of young people, resorting to Borrowing in the face of problems, negative perception of loans and debt and not borrowing from relatives and preferring to borrow from friends and finally fluid and insecure livelihood that caused the studied youth to have an unstable life situation. Young people living in deprived areas are generally not only involved in all-round poverty, but also have to deal with challenges related to their family members.

The present research was carried out to predict Tehran’s young people’s attitudes towards substance abuse according to the big five personality traits and religiousness.

Statistical population included 20-31 year-old residents in Tehran’s districts 1, and 16. Sampling was carried out using multi-steps cluster sampling and Cochran formula and 384 individuals were selected randomly from Villa, Yakhchi Abad, and Javadieh neighborhoods. To gather data reformed scales of Costa and McCrae's Big Five personality traits (1995), Dellavar et al’s addiction to drugs (1383), and Arian’s religiousness scale (1377) were used. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software and model fit measurement was carried out using LISERL.

According to the research’s results, two from among Big Five personality traits - extraversion and conscientiousness - directly (with coefficients - 0.14 and - 0.35) and indirectly through religiousness (with coefficients 0.23 and 0.52) effect the young’s attitudes towards substance abuse; Moreover, religiousness directly effects (with coefficients - 0.41) their attitudes towards substance abuse addictions. These three variables explain 61 % of the variance of attitude towards substance abuse variable.

Considering the fact that the young’s believes in religion have been challenged in information and cyber space age, it is necessary to develop and implement interventional and preventive plans based on personality structure and religiousness.

Mobile phone is one of the most popular new technologies that has gained a special place among its users due to its ease of communication processes, ease of access, possibility of permanent access, penetration into most areas of life, etc.Although this communication device has many functions, excessive use of mobile phones leads to the appearance of serious and important mental and behavioral disorders in users, among which nomophobia can be mentioned. The present study was designed and implemented with the aim of studying and analyzing the relationship between nomophobia and social identity among the youth of Tehran.

This research is descriptive and its method is correlation. present research technique; The survey and measurement tools include two questionnaires; 1. Measurement of nomophobia; which was created by Çağlar Yıldırım (2014) and 2. The social identity questionnaire, which is based on the ideas of Richard Jenkins (2008), was designed by Safarinia and Roshan (2013) in two dimensions, individual and collective. Nomophobia questionnaire includes 20 items and four components; 1. Inability to communicate, 2. Fear of losing connection, 3. Fear of not having access to information, and 4. Fear of giving up comfort. The social identity questionnaire has 20 items, 10 of which are designed to measure the individual dimension and the other 10 items are designed to measure the collective dimension of social identity, and the items are scored on a five-point Likert scale from completely agree to completely disagree. The statistical population of the research includes all young people aged 20 to 35 in Tehran, who are 3,278,929 people according to the information provided in the National Statistics Portal. Questionnaires were distributed and completed among the youth of Tehran through google form.

The results of the analysis of the research findings showed that the general state of the social identity of the studied youth, with an average of 3.65, was stated to be above average (4 out of 5 scale) and the general state of nomophobia among the studied youth, with an average of 93 2/2 is expressed less than normal (3 out of 5 scale). The results showed that there is a negative relationship between the "loss of communication" component of nomophobia with the individual dimension, the collective dimension and the general state of social identity. Also, there is a negative and strong relationship between the "lack of access to information" component of nomophobia with the individual dimension, the collective dimension, and the general state of social identity, and the stronger the lack of access to information in nomophobia, the weaker the social identity among the studied youth. The results also confirm that a negative relationship has been observed between the "loss of comfort and comfort" component of nomophobia with the individual dimension, the collective dimension and the general state of social identity, meaning that any size of nomophobia (in the component of fear of loss of comfort and comfort when away from the mobile phone), the social identity of the studied youth is weaker or lower in both individual and collective dimensions. In general, there is a negative and strong relationship between the general state of nomophobia with the individual dimension, the collective dimension and the general state of social identity, and with the increase of nomophobia, the level of social identity of the youth of Tehran decreases.

As a result, it is necessary to use the cultural, native and local capacities as well as media literacy training in order to reduce the harms caused by nomophobia, by training and creating culture in the field of proper and optimal use of mobile phones, to provide the possibility of using its benefits and by strengthening Self-awareness, responsibility, strengthening self-esteem and sense of self-efficacy among young people to strengthen social identity (in both individual and collective dimensions). Considering that the results showed that the lack of mobile phone phobia of the studied youth in the city of Tehran is at an average level and there is a great tendency to use mobile phones as well as virtual networks based on mobile phones among young people, it should be kept in mind that in In the era of globalization, where the growth and expansion of new communication and information technologies has covered almost all parts of the world, it is impossible to face exclusion or censorship with mobile phones or virtual social networks based on it. Because this type of approach is not only ineffective, but also gives the opposite result. Therefore, by accepting the desire and tendency of young people to use it more and more, it is necessary to inform young people about the effects of its extreme and harmful abuse, and by improving the level of their information literacy and technological literacy, it is necessary to help young people in the amount and type of mobile phone use. In other words, the suggested strategy in this field is to create a culture for the correct use of mobile phones. The results of the present study showed that there is a strong negative relationship between the general state of immobility phobia with the individual and collective dimensions and the general state of social identity.Therefore, it is suggested to train young people in the field of reducing the harmful use of mobile phones, which leads to excessive use and in Finally, it becomes a fear of not having a mobile phone, let's help. Therefore, the basic strategy in this field can be to strengthen self-awareness, responsibility, self-esteem and sense of self-efficacy among young people, which we can do through strengthening social identity (both in the individual and social dimensions), by using cultural, native and local as well as media literacy training in order to reduce the damage of mobile phones for the social identity of the youth, to strengthen the individual and social identity.Key words: mobile phone phobia, social identity, youth, Tehran city

The primary objective of this research was to identify and rank the factors influencing the use of cannabis and other novel psychoactive substances among youth in Kermanshah.

The present research method was a mixed qualitative-quantitative type with an exploratory approach. The research population in the qualitative part included all experts in the field of combating drugs in Kermanshah, of whom 8 people were selected based on purposeful sampling and using the data saturation technique. The statistical population in the quantitative part included all young people referring to addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah, of whom 377 people were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews for the qualitative phase and a researcher-developed questionnaire for the quantitative phase. Qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis, while quantitative data was analyzed using the coefficient of variation.

The qualitative analysis revealed that the coded contextual factors could be categorized into three main themes: individual, psychological, and interpersonal factors, with 18 subcategories. Additionally, precipitating factors were categorized under the theme of family factors with 6 subcategories, while perpetuating factors were classified into three themes: social, cultural, and environmental factors, with 14 subcategories. The quantitative analysis using the coefficient of variation indicated that individual, psychological, family, social, cultural, interpersonal, and environmental factors, in that order, significantly influenced the use of cannabis and other novel psychoactive substances. Furthermore, among all subcategories, lack of willpower ranked first, and unstable living conditions ranked last.

Based on the research findings, lack of willpower emerged as the most significant factor contributing to the abuse of cannabis and other novel psychoactive substances among youth. Therefore, to prevent this issue, it is imperative to provide young people with necessary education to raise awareness about the adverse effects of substance use and implement strategies to enhance self-esteem and strengthen willpower.

The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of social media use on depression with the mediating role of body image. The present research was descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection method and applied in terms of aims. The statistical population of the study included all young members of social networks. Using the Green formula, the required sample size (104) was determined (n=234). Samples were selected by the convenience sampling method. We employed the Young Internet Addiction Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Multidimensional Relationships Questionnaires to collect data. The results of this study indicate that participants’ depression was mild. The participants’ social media had no addiction to the Internet. In addition, they had strong body image. The results of the regression test showed that social media use has a moderate effect on depression. The mediating role of body image in the relationship between social media use and depression was confirmed, as well. Considering the significant effect of social media use on depression through body image, it is of prime importance to adopt strategies to inform people about the proper use of these sites and to foster people’s perception of their body image through psychological workshops, coupled with educational programs related to media literacy.

This study examines the transformation in cultural authority among youth, particularly in the context of social media networks. It investigates how digital advancements, especially the proliferation of social media, have significantly impacted the formation of social and cultural identities. In the past, traditional societal and cultural institutions, such as family, schools, teachers, and religious figures, played a crucial role in transmitting values and norms to young people. These institutions, endowed with substantial social and cultural resources, served as the primary agents in the socialization process, helping youth develop their cultural and social identities (Azad Armaki& Ghafari, 2004). Particularly in traditional societies, these institutions not only transmitted behavioral and ideological patterns but also acted as authoritative references for understanding and interpreting social values (Schwarz, 2004). However, in recent decades, the rise of digital media, especially social media, has led to profound changes in cultural authority. Today, the virtual space, particularly social networks, has become the primary platform for shaping and transforming the cultural and social identities of youth (Entezari & Panahi, 2007). This shift represents a move of cultural authority from traditional institutions to the virtual space, where micro-celebrities and influencers have emerged as the main sources of influence on the behaviors, attitudes, and values of young people (Azarakhsh, 2016). As a result, the socialization process among youth is no longer solely facilitated by traditional institutions like family and schools; social media now serves as a direct and unmediated space for connecting youth with cultural resources (Tajik, 2007). This research aims to investigate the process of this shift in cultural authority from traditional institutions to social media and analyze its implications for youth culture and social behavior. It seeks to explore the various dimensions of these transformations, analyze their causes and consequences, and offer practical suggestions to address the challenges posed by these cultural and social changes. Given the significance of these shifts in the socialization of future generations, the findings of this research could serve as a valuable foundation for policymakers, researchers, and educational institutions to understand and respond to the challenges in the realm of culture and media (Klashlou& Aqili, 2019).

Navigating the political landscape in multicultural societies often involves the challenge of accommodating citizens with diverse social and ethnic backgrounds, along with their preferred political values. This process is commonly pursued through the mechanism of political socialization. The concept of political socialization was first mentioned in the 1954 edition of the Handbook of Social Psychology, where the author noted its relevance to the study of how individuals acquire political identities, beliefs, values, attitudes, and behavioral patterns. Five years later, the first book dedicated to the topic "Political Socialization" was published by Hyman (Wasburn & Covert, 2017:3). Given the importance of political socialization in shaping social and political continuity and change, the present research aimed to delve into the institutional agents and their interrelationships involved in the political socialization process, taking individuals as the subject of investigation. The primary goal of this research was to understand the dimensions and sources of political socialization among a sample of Sanandji youth. Over the past decade, the participation rate of young people in elections had declined, while they had actively engaged in political protests. Undoubtedly, the political attitudes and orientations of young people were influenced not only by the political system, but also by the performance of political agents and the manner of political socialization. Particularly, the political socialization of Sanandji youth took place in a context where ethnicity was a decisive variable. The assumption of the present research was that ethnicity was a fundamental factor in shaping the political orientations of young people in Sanandaj. Compared to other regions of Iran, the Kurdish regions, including Sanandaj, had faced unfavorable conditions in terms of development indicators and social and political justice. Consequently, ethnic and religious differences were often interpreted as the source of Kurdistan's underdevelopment, further intensifying political alienation among the youth. Considering the significance of ethnicity and religion in Kurdistan Region, the primary question guiding this research was: What are the dimensions and sources of political socialization of youth in Sanandaj.

The current research employed a qualitative approach, specifically the narrative analysis method, to obtain the necessary data for understanding the political socialization of young people in Sanandaj. This method allowed the researchers to delve into the narratives and stories of the young participants, exploring their political attitudes, experiences, and their relationship with political issues.The interactive narrative analysis model was utilized in this study. The interactive model involved a dialogue process between the speaker (participant) and the listener (researcher), where the participant shared hid/her experiences in specific contexts, such as family, peer groups, school, and university. This process was not a passive one; rather, the researcher actively engaged by asking questions and the participant responded, allowing the narrative to unfold.Analyzing the interactive structure of these conversations held a great research value as it often revealed complex systems of various narratives and a rich reserve of political, social, and cultural values at the macro level and in specific situations (Riessman, 2007:83). The target population for the current research was young people aged 18 to 32 years in Sanandaj. Sampling continued until theoretical saturation was reached and the dimensions of the obtained themes were clarified. This research was based on 36 in-depth interviews conducted in various locations. After the data were collected through semi-structured interviews, thematic analysis was employed to analyze the narratives. To ensure the interpretive validity of the research, the transcripts of the interviews and the researchers’ perceptions and understandings of the narratives were provided to some participants, who were asked to read the content and confirm its accuracy.

The first step in this research was to understand the youth's perspective on the world of politics and its related issues. The analysis revealed that the government was the central focus in the young people's description of political action. However, the interviewees expressed a sense of fear towards politics and most were reluctant to share their opinions on political matters.One of the key dimensions of political socialization is political attitude and behavior. The narratives of the investigated youth indicated experiences of political participation and a declining sense of political efficacy, leading to political alienation. The emerging themes from the youth's narratives suggested a mentality of disparity between religion and politics. In describing the ideal government, the youth emphasized the importance of preserving civil, political, and social rights as dimensions of citizenship beyond ethnic and religious boundaries. They considered equal access to political and economic opportunities as a requirement for this form of government and stressed the necessity of realizing it within Iran's political system.The research findings suggested that the official aspect of socialization was impaired among young people. The youth's narratives revealed a lack of trust in institutional agents, which they attributed to the "distancing of institutional agents from society". Most of the themes emerging from the youth's narratives indicated the inabilities of schools, universities, and the media to align the meaning system and political orientations of the youth with the preferred values of the political system. According to the youth's narratives, the informal sources of political socialization (family and peer group) did not work in alignment with socialization and strengthening its official form, sometimes being placed in opposition to it. Interpretation of the narratives of the Sanandaji youth suggested that Sanandaj, as part of the Kurdish regions, was on the margins of power relations, while the policy of role distribution had limited the residents of these regions, especially the educated youth, to marginal roles.The youth's perception was that their demands as Sunni Kurdish youth were not represented by political actors in political arenas and they did not have the opportunity to participate in political decision-making. This feeling of political neglect had led to a distance from official sources of political socialization and an influence from unofficial sources.

In recent years, the inclination of young people towards addictive substances has been steadily increasing. This study aims to develop a paradigmatic model for the analysis of causal, contextual, and intervening conditions related to substance relapse in Khuzestan province of Iran, from the perspective of experts and specialists in specialized addiction treatment clinics.

This study was conducted using the Grounded Theory methodology. The data required for analysis was collected via in-depth interview technique with 21 active doctors in addiction treatment clinics in Khuzestan province, who were selected using purposive and theoretical sampling.

According to the paradigmatic model developed, a significant reason for relapse is the health system's failure to adapt to changes in the production and consumption of addictive substances. Current guidelines for addressing substance abuse—from combating production and distribution to prevention and treatment—are still primarily focused on opioids.

The fragmentary understanding of drug abuse has caused the stop addiction paradigm to prevail over treatment, in such a way, relapse is considered an inevitable consequence for those suffering from addiction. This is so while considering substance abuse (addiction) as a biosocial phenomenon and its treatment is completely possible and accessible.

Social tolerance is the foundation of democracy and civil society, and cultural capital is one of the prerequisites for the emergence of social tolerance in a community. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of the cultural capital of the youth on social tolerance in three cities that are distinct in terms of population, geography, and culture. This is a fundamental study that adopts a descriptive-analytical and survey method. Data was collected using both documentary and field survey methods (questionnaires). The statistical population of the study includes young people aged 18-35 living in three cities of Khaf, Sabzevar, and Mashhad in Razavi Khorasan province. A sample size of n=1135 was calculated by Cochran's formula for the three cities using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using variance analysis, correlation coefficients, and multiple regression tests. The indices of cultural capital (subjective, objective, and institutional) were measured with 17 items, while social tolerance (identity-related, belief-related, and behavioral) was measured with 26 items. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.7, indicating the reliability of the research instrument. The results show that with rising population of cities, social tolerance is improved. Furthermore, as the components of cultural capital—whether objective, subjective, or institutional—improve among youth, their social tolerance is enhanced as well. The regression analysis of these indicators explains 59% of variance in the dependent variable (social tolerance). According to the findings, subjective cultural capital wields the greatest impact on social tolerance in the studies cities, followed by objective and institutional cultural capital, respectively.

Differences between age groups are a critical issue that can be the source of various cultural and social phenomena and issues. This research investigated intergenerational social capital and its dimensions among men and women in Tuyserkan city. The research method was a survey, and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population included men and women over 15 years of age in Tuyserkan City in 2019, of which 392 arrived into samples by cluster sampling. ANOVA, Independent T-test, and Path Analysis were used in SPSS-25 software to analyze data. The results showed a difference between generations in terms of social capital; the older generation has higher social capital than younger ones; there is a difference between women and men, and men have more social capital than women. There is a difference between age groups regarding social capital; the age group of 66 to 75 years has a higher tendency to have social capital. Also, there is a relationship between income and social capital (P < 0.05). In short, we can say that there is a relationship between intergenerational variables, gender, age groups, income, type of job, marital status, level of education, place of residence, age of marriage, presence in society, and social capital; There is a difference between men and women as well as between different generations in terms of the variables of the age of marriage, presence in society, economic capital, individual and social freedoms, social trust, and social mobility.

Language is vital in exchanging information and representing individuals' facts, beliefs, and ideological systems. This study investigates the linguistic performance and decoding structural patterns in shaping Persian native speakers' interpersonal and intrapersonal relations of power and identity. The study subjects were 150 male and female Ahvaz Payame Noor University students who participated in cultural and political associations. Pearson Product Moment correlation coefficient and Multi-Variable Regression were employed to analyze data. In the present study, different authentic samples of conversations were gathered from the Persian native speakers to explore the effect of verbal communication and religious beliefs on social identity. Data analysis of the correlation between linguistic and ideological aspects and the structures of identity and thought revealed that language is an instrument for maintaining identity and beliefs and a symbol for gaining political and social powers within community groups. If a person has had decent and reliable parents and people in his childhood who have met his emotional needs well and has experienced a sense of security and self-confidence, and at the same time, religious and moral foundations have been correctly and with If practical patterns rely on individual, he/she can overcome identity challenges.

The present study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the attraction of young people in the Tehran metropolis to synthetic drug use.

The present research is a qualitative study. The strategy used in this research is the classic grounded theory. The research population included all young people aged 18 to 30 in the Tehran metropolis of both genders (male and female) with a record of synthetic drug use. Sampling was conducted based on purposeful judgmental sampling and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants (12 men and 5 women), and the results were extracted using coding in three stages: open, axial, and selective.

A total of 184 codes were extracted from interviews with participants. The extracted codes were organized into 41 concepts and 6 categories. The extracted categories include individual- psychological, friends and acquaintances, family, social, economic, and community. The individual-psychological and family categories, with 14 and 12 concepts, respectively have the most concepts.

The results of the research showed that the extracted concepts have a significant impact on the attraction of Tehran metropolis young people to synthetic drug use. Among these categories, the individual-psychological and family have the greatest impact on the synthetic drugs used by young people in Tehran.

A value system encompasses the social priorities that shape individuals' goals, actions, and lifestyles. It determines how people behave in society, what objectives they pursue, and how they regulate their interactions. A cohesive and integrated value system within a society sets the stage for individual and social development. However, Iranian society has undergone rapid changes across all domains, including modernization, emergence of new communication and information technologies, growth of national and global mass media, forces of globalization, and other factors that have led to cultural and value transformations. Different groups and institutions have responded to these changes in their own distinct ways. Similar to global trends, young people in Iran are questioning established and traditional identities and values. They are actively seeking new values and striving to shape their own independent, engaged, and individualized identities. Values lie at the heart of their narratives and experiences, influencing their understanding and interpretation of the world. To comprehend this value orientation, interpretative approaches are necessary as they provide a deeper exploration of the underlying layers of meaning. Qualitative methods are better suited for such an understanding, enabling researchers to delve into the profound aspects of value orientation. In this study, we adopted an emic-interpretative approach to explore the value orientation of young people in the city of Yazd. Our aim was to understand the dominant values in their lives, explore the sources and contexts of their value orientation, and gain insights into how they define and pursue their values. By engaging with the experiences of young individuals, we sought to uncover the intricacies of their value systems and the strategies they employ in navigating their lives.  

         To comprehend the dimensions and constituent elements of the value system and explore the contexts, formation conditions, and consequences of youth's value orientation, we employed the systematic grounded theory approach (Corbin & Strauss, 2015). This method offers a systematic framework for categorizing findings and enables the extraction of innovative concepts and theories from the data.The research was conducted in the city of Yazd and our participants consisted of 49 individuals aged 18-34 years, who resided in the city. Selection of the participants followed a theoretical and purposeful sampling approach. Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews, which were guided by specific yet open-ended questions. Participants had the freedom to provide comprehensive responses to these questions. The interviews commenced with inquiries, such as their primary aspirations in life and their most significant wishes and priorities. Throughout the conversations, additional questions were developed in accordance with the research objectives. Each interview lasted between 70 and 90 minutes.The collected interviews were transcribed into a text format and initial edits were made to the interview texts during the open-coding process. Concurrently, new questions emerged, leading to subsequent interviews conducted alongside the coding process. In the axial coding phase, primary codes were refined and subcategories were developed by combining relevant codes. Through selective coding, we synthesized the related subcategories, resulting in the identification of 10 main categories. Through analysis and investigation, a paradigm model was constructed and subsequently, the core category was established. 

Through the analysis of the interviews, we constructed a comprehensive framework consisting of concepts, subcategories, main categories, and a core category. Over 700 concepts were derived from the participants' responses. By examining and consolidating similar concepts, we identified 69 subcategories. These subcategories were further classified, resulting in the identification of 10 main categories. These main categories included modern thinking, self-centeredness, materialism, virtual life, multi-faceted pressures, instrumental interactions, sense of anomie, poverty of perspective, and migrant mindset.The core category that emerged from the analysis was materialistic activism. The participating young individuals positioned themselves at the center of life, believing that they had the freedom to live according to their desires and shaped their actions accordingly. Their goals primarily revolved around personal aspirations. With access to various sources of information and the influence of virtual life experiences, they had broken free from the confines of traditional and social norms, forming their own opinions and values. While seeking liberation from the constraints of the past and predetermined traditions, they had embraced materialism and developed a thirst for consumption. Material resources played a central role in shaping their opinions and values and their actions revolved around materialistic pursuits. This process of opinion and value formation transcended local boundaries and adopted a global perspective. They perceived themselves as influential agents, actively determining their opinions and values with an emphasis on materialism and pursuit of wealth in all aspects of life. Their inclination was to achieve maximum well-being through increased consumption of luxury goods.The value orientation of the young participants in this study could be summarized into 4 main components: universalism, self-centeredness, materialism, and agency-seeking. These components ultimately manifested as materialistic activism. Universalism encompasses accepting differences in interactions, thinking beyond borders, and adopting a cosmopolitan outlook. It includes tolerance in everyday interactions and a global perspective in the broader context. In the dichotomy between universalism and particularism, young individuals tend to lean more towards universalism, embracing a cosmopolitan mindset.Self-centeredness refers to the prioritization of oneself, placing personal needs and characteristics at the center of social actions. In a world where trust in others is limited, young people focus on themselves, their needs, resources, and capabilities. In this interpretation, individuals are largely self-reliant.Agency represents the belief in their capacity to effect change in personal and social life. It opposes passivity and encompasses the essence of subjectivity. Individuals in such circumstances perceive themselves as capable of initiating change, feeling the need for it and having the conviction that they can shape the world according to their desires.Materialism entails the prioritization of needs, goals, and material resources. It underscores the significance of material possessions and wealth in shaping their value system and decision-making processes.The emphasis of young people on materialistic and individualistic values is a defining characteristic of modern society, which is recognized as a cognitive concept in contemporary sociological literature. This orientation seems to be shaped by two significant forces: local factors, such as economic crises, and global factors, such as the flow of information on a global scale. Today's youth live within a context heavily influenced by global information and communication technologies, which in turn impact their values. Reflexivity, as described by Giddens, is a defining feature of modernity. It entails the constant evaluation and modification of social functions in light of new information. Under the influence of media and new information technologies, we witness an accelerated reflexivity, expanding our social perspectives (Eliot, 2022: 157). As young people increasingly engage with media and virtual social networks, their desire for material values intensifies. Researchers, such as Benchman and Lemberg (2013) and Nik Maleki and Majidi (2013), have highlighted the role of media as the most significant factor in shaping the values of young individuals. Inglehart argues that communication technologies can lead to the growth of meta-materialist values (Inglehart, 2015; Inglehart and Abramson, 1999). The value and action systems of Iranian youth are shaped and evolving amidst global influences and local pressures. For many young people, the ability to express their true selves and create and present themselves as desired holds great importance. This reflects a desire for self-expression and alignment of actions with individual identity. Touraine (2022) refers to this sentiment in contemporary individuals as historicity. According to Thorne, we are transitioning from a world-centric view to a human-centric view of social life. In a society that embraces high levels of historicity, individuals are defined based on their actions and agency relationships. In such a society, morality is not solely based on obedience to authority or subjugation of interests and emotions. Instead, it is rooted in the desire for self-expression, recognition of others as individuals, acceptance of differences, and pursuit of individualization.

Today, one of the main challenges of modern world is the emergence of environmental crises resulting from human behavior. The environmental issues, in recent years has caught the attention and sensitivity of scholars in different areas, especially sociologists.Furthermore, sociologists believe that the analysis of environmental issues calls for sociological studies and presentation of social solutions.The present research seeks to explain the effect of consumerism culture on environmentally destructive behavior from a sociological perspective. To do so, a quantitative approach and survey method have been adopted. The statistical research population consisted of 18-35 years old individuals living in Tehran, from whom 435 people were selected from 6 regions based on the level of regional development using quota sampling method. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire. Data analysis comprised both descriptive and inferential methods. Descriptive findings indicate the relatively desirable environmental behavior among study subjects. The inferential findings suggest that consumerism variable can moderately explain variance in environmentally destructive behavior variable in subjects and it has a direct and significant  impact on such a behavior. As to the effect of dimensions of this variable on environmental destructive behavior, it should be noted that the dimensions of individualism, pleasure, luxurism and fantasizing have a direct and significant bearing on environmental behavior but the effect of pluralism is not significant. Finally, it should be stated that gender and the level of regional development in terms of consumerism variable have no effect on environmentally destructive behavior.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role and place of virtual networks in the formation of modern identity of young people. This research was conducted with mixed method, qualitative (GT) and quantitative (survey) and in terms of practical purpose and in terms of the method and nature of the research, it is descriptive and survey type. The method of data collection was a researcher-made questionnaire, and the data collection tool was the answers received from the statistical population. To measure reliability in this research, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which is extracted through SPSS software calculations, was used. Also, to calculate the validity of the questionnaire, it was revised and finalized through content validity and using the opinions of professors.In order to achieve Strauss and Corbin's paradigmatic model, with foundational data method and interviews with 13 experts, the findings were coded in three open, central and selective stages, and the result of coding to achieve the paradigmatic model included: causal, contextual, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. . In the second step, the required data was obtained using the foundation data method and using a researcher-made questionnaire, by surveying 384 young Tehrani users from 5 regions

The theories of globalization and the global village, underpinned by the digital infrastructure, have induced profound and substantive transformations at both micro and macro levels, influencing societal cultures and the lives of the world's youth. The transition from static, traditional societies to dynamic, modern ones has accelerated, and religious authorities' conventional methods of religious proselytization have undergone significant changes. Amidst the turbulence of modern society, we have witnessed the emergence of mystical and spiritual movements that have rapidly transcended national boundaries, leveraging the power of digital platforms to infiltrate cultures and shape identities.A substantial portion of today's youth have become disengaged from traditional religious indoctrination and are instead influenced by the cultural and spiritual teachings disseminated through digital spaces. The digital realm has facilitated unprecedented opportunities for connection and cultural penetration, and if not managed effectively, it poses significant challenges and threats to the younger generation.This research aims to critically analyze the impact of new-age spirituality and mysticism on youth culture within the digital context. Employing a qualitative, library-based, and analytical-descriptive methodology, this study reveals that the digital space offers opportunities for new-age spiritual and mystical movements to flourish while simultaneously presenting associated threats. The combined effects of these positive and negative influences on youth and national cultures have been subjected to a critical analysis. The study concludes by proposing practical recommendations centred around three key areas: strengthening youth culture, safeguarding national identity, and managing mystical and spiritual movements, which are crucial in addressing the issues raised.

Social media is currently a very powerful tool for personal and social development. Due to the high influence of social media, this type of communication shapes or changes the patterns of people's daily interactions. On the other hand, one of the subjects studied about the performance of social media is research in the field of media consumption in general and the subject orientation to media content in particular. Consumption in social media as a cultural and informational or news product has content dimensions: social, cultural, educational, political and economic, which identifies the relationship between the type of interest of users and their background characteristics (age, gender, education, etc.). .) and choosing the type of news topics provides valuable results for researchers. The purpose of this article is to identify the demographic relationship of young people with their interest in news topics in the Telegram messenger, which was carried out using a survey-quantitative method and using a questionnaire tool in the statistical population of young people of Tehran metropolis (326 people). According to the results, the young users of the Telegram messenger studied in this research focus more on news topics that are centered around social issues, and they also show a lower interest in economic topics in the Telegram social network environment. In addition, among the variables of age, gender, income and education, the subjects obtained higher scores in the "income" variable and lower scores in the "age" variable, which shows this situation. There is a significant relationship between the income of young people and more use of social themes of news in Telegram.