جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « خانواده » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

As the head of the family, the father is responsible for respecting the rights and ensuring the implementation of the laws in all aspects of the family.  In this article, an attempt has been made to determine the managerial position of the father in the family by following descriptive and narrative sources, using library and software resources, and its difference with the mother's management from the time of family formation until specify that the child is dependent on the father and is considered a member of that family.

The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility of implementing a growth-oriented prevention model to address the tendency to use narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs among children of England in Iran.

The research methodology involved a combination of review and Delphi analysis. The study's statistical population comprised 16 criminology experts. Qualitative analysis was conducted using thematic analysis, while quantitative analysis utilized statistical measures of central tendency.

Data analysis through item analysis revealed four key areas of growth-oriented prevention at the individual, family, social, and school levels, defined by 42 sub-criteria. The results of the analysis of experts' opinions showed that growth-oriented prevention at the family level in Iran is more important than at other levels. Additionally, growth-oriented prevention at the school level ranked second, at the social level ranked third, and at the individual level ranked fourth.

Lessons from developed countries in crime prevention can be adapted with minor adjustments as effective strategies in countries like Iran.

Divorce is a social issue that exhibits a growing trend and is characterized by a process leading up to the application and implementation of the decision. Divorce can be initiated by either a man or a woman, resulting in three types of divorce requests: the man's request for divorce, the woman's request for divorce, or mutual agreement to separate. The statistical data revealed that women tend to initiate divorce more frequently or opt for mutual agreement, while men obtain divorces in lesser numbers. In the context of divorce in Iran, men have legal advantages as they can initiate divorce more easily compared to women. Divorce is commonly perceived as a male-driven process as women typically lack the ability to unilaterally divorce their husbands, whereas men can divorce their wives without providing any specific reasons. Despite divorces predominantly being initiated by women or through mutual agreement, there are men, who no longer wish to continue their marital relationships, leading them to make the decision to divorce and terminate their shared lives. Consequently, researchers are prompted to inquire about the decision-making process among men and the narratives they construct surrounding their choice to pursue divorce.  

The objective of this study was to gain insights into the lived experiences of men going through divorce through storytelling with the aim of developing a cohesive narrative within a chronological framework. The research was conducted in 2023, employing a qualitative approach and utilizing the narrative analysis method. Data collection involved purposive sampling and conversational interviews were conducted with 5 men, who were in the process of divorcing. Following Riessman's categorization (2008), the narrative data analysis encompassed 4 types: thematic analysis, structural analysis, discourse analysis, and performative analysis. For this particular study, thematic analysis, specifically a combination of the methods proposed by Attride-Stirling (2001), Braun & Clarke (2006), and King & Horrocks (2010), was employed. This approach was chosen due to its step-by-step and comprehensive nature, facilitating a thorough process of thematic analysis.

Through data analysis, 5 main themes were identified: 1) Instability of life, 2) Social pressures, 3) Redefinition of masculinity, 4) Assertion of rights, and 5) Charting a new path forward. These themes collectively represented the general narrative expressed by the participants. The decision-making process among the men to pursue divorce started with a sense of life instability. Prior to contemplating separation, the men experienced a series of conflicts and events that shook the stability, security, and foundation of the family. This included unmet expectations in areas, such as fidelity. In this study, infidelity emerged as the primary factor leading to divorce. Following infidelity, conflicts and arguments arose within the family and the men had certain basic expectations, such as consistent presence of their partners at home, being a mother to their child(ren), managing household chores, and establishing an emotional and sexual connection. Failure to meet these expectations, not due to the men demanding adherence to traditional gender roles, but rather the non-acceptance of these roles, intensified disputes. Over time, these issues extended beyond the home, becoming public and inviting interference from outsiders. Consequently, the public exposure of family problems diminished the men's dignity and reputation and eroded their decision-making authorities. This had led to social pressure as they had faced rejection and disapproval from their peers, friends, and acquaintances. In response to this pressure, they had sought to redefine masculinity, encompassing notions of power and their roles in the society. Some men, amidst conflicts and repeated mistakes, had associated financial independence with relinquishing payment of dowry. Thus, when the men had found themselves in a state of life instability compounded by personal and social pressures involving rejection, loss of dignity, and interference from others, the primary brakes on their decision-making—dowry and child custody—were removed. The dowry brake referred to either fulfilling or renouncing the dowry obligation, indicating their financial capability. The child brake involved determining post-divorce responsibilities for the children, often resulting in custody being granted to the spouse. These factors had propelled the men towards making quicker decisions and taking action towards divorce. By doing so, they had aimed to restore their reputation and address their obligations. Ultimately, the decision to divorce represented a fresh start as they sought to either remarry or embrace a new individual lifestyle. Overall, the findings of this study indicated that men, who go through divorce, endure numerous tumultuous circumstances in their lives, carefully considering all aspects before reaching a decision.

Honor killings have emerged as a concerning social issue in recent years, drawing the attention of researchers, social experts, and legal professionals. Honor killings can be broadly defined as acts of violence or abuse committed to preserve the perceived honor of a family or community. These killings can be categorized into two main types: intra-family and extra-family. Intra-family honor killings refer to murders carried out by family members against other members of the same family, either alone or with the involvement of outsiders. This can include the killing of a wife, husband, child, or parent by other relatives. In contrast, extra-family honor killings are acts of retribution committed by the victim of a crime, such as rape, or by the victim's family, against the perpetrators. The complex and often tragic nature of honor killings has made them a subject of intense scrutiny and debate within academic, social, and legal spheres. Understanding the nuances and underlying sociocultural factors driving this phenomenon is crucial for developing effective interventions and policies to address this pressing issue.

This study employed a qualitative research methodology. The study population consisted of 18 incarcerated individuals, who had committed acts of murder - 16 men and 2 women. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. The research was conducted in West Azerbaijan Province and the data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews.For the data analysis, a coding and data organization approach based on the CHARMS framework was utilized. This allowed the researchers to systematically analyze the interview transcripts and identify key themes and insights from the participants' firsthand experiences and perspectives on committing acts of honor-related violence.The qualitative design and targeted sampling of individuals directly involved in honor killings provided an in-depth, contextual understanding of this complex social phenomenon. The use of semi-structured interviews facilitated a rich exploration of the motivations, decision-making processes, and sociocultural factors underlying honor-based crimes from the perpetrators' own narratives. Overall, the methodological approach enabled a nuanced, evidence-based investigation of the honor killing issue within the specific geographic and cultural setting of West Azerbaijan Province.

The sociological interpretivist approach, with its emphasis on social constructionism, posits that social actors play a central role in constructing and reconstructing their social realities. From this perspective, honor killings can be understood as conscious attempts by individuals and groups to defend family honor and traditional social order in the face of modernization and changing lifestyles.Honor killings are a complex, multifaceted phenomenon rooted in various sociocultural dimensions. They are more prevalent in traditional, transitional societies where informal social controls and a collective sense of honor serve as a de facto "punitive law" to restore the perceived honor of the family as the dominant social unit. In these contexts, honor killings function as a technique of social control, with women's sexuality and social behavior being key markers of communal honor. In societies undergoing the shift from tradition to modernity, honor killings often arise from the conflict and tension between the forces of traditional solidarity and the forces of modern individualism. This "cultural lag" between the realms of family and individual creates a dissonance that can culminate in honor-based violence as groups with ethnic, tribal, or local subcultures struggle to maintain their customs and norms in the face of modernizing influences. The findings of this study identified 35 primary concepts, 6 secondary concepts, (including structural determinants, intra-group order, introduction of modern elements, weakening of traditions, externalization, and the conflict between the individual and society), and 4 core conceptual categories (the family's traditional order, changing lifestyles, the modern family outside the traditional order, and the pursuit of illegitimate opportunities). The overarching theoretical category that emerges is "conflict in the new family system" - the "cultural lag" in the family sphere that fuels honor-based violence. Understanding the complex, multifaceted nature of honor killings through a sociological, interpretivist lens is crucial for developing effective interventions and policies to address this persistent social issue. Recognizing the interplay between tradition, modernity, and the evolving dynamics of the family can inform more nuanced, context-sensitive approaches to preventing and responding to honor-based crimes.

Five-year development plans determine the path of growth and development of our country in economic, social and cultural dimensions. These programs are compiled based on the constitution, the country's 20-year vision document and general policies announced by the Supreme Leader. Due to the important and valuable position of women in society, in all programs, there are provisions dedicated to women's issues in all cultural, social and economic dimensions. Although some of these provisions are useful, they are not enough for this area. The Seventh Development Plan Bill is not an exception to this rule and, despite the good points raised in it, it also faces shortcomings. In this article, the method of categorical content analysis has been used, and the previous development programs have been reviewed, and it has been tried to analyze the materials and clauses mentioned in chapter 16 of the seventh development program, which is dedicated to women, family and the population. To improve and complete the mentioned materials, provide tips, criticisms and suggestions. In this program, we have positive and better points regarding the status of women and family than in previous development programs, still the general evaluation of the proposed rulings in the field of women, family and the young people of the population shows the lack of comprehensiveness in problem analysis and the lack of discourse consensus in it has the field of women and family. So, it has been tried to provide corrective rulings in accordance with each section and the identified challenges

Among various social issues, divorce remains a significant concern in the country. In contrast to previous theoretical and evidence-based approaches, it appears that in the rising divorce rates is driven by new and diverse factors with distinct implications. This research aims to explore and analyze the reasons behind divorce among women seeking separation in Tabas city. The study was conducted from March 2021 to June 2023 using a qualitative method, and data was collected via interviews with 24 participants selected using purpose sampling method. Data analysis was conducted using the grounded theory. The findings reveal that divorce primarily stems from multifaceted family instability and self-centeredness, along with contributing factors including the breakdown of perceived sanctities, conflicts, and legal interventions. The major factors influencing divorce include the ease of divorce procedures, lack of support from counseling centers, and feelings of panic and vulnerability. The central theme identified in the study is post-traditional divorce, highlighting the growing feminization of divorce and the prevalence of female-initiated divorces in the studied society. Post-traditional divorce signifies an overshadowing of past grievances. and reasons in divorce requests which is accompanied with significant shifts in beliefs and norms of family dynamics among participants. Women involved in the study are reshaping notions of family, challenging traditional roles and identities, and redefining women's roles, rights, and expectations beyond conventional family boundaries. This embodies a critical concern in contemporary Iranian society. Therefore, there is a need for further theoretical study and the expansion of research on the findings of this study. The profound social changes brought about by modernity, globalization, and cultural shifts have significantly altered perceptions of family structures, urging researchers to delve deeper into these issues in future studies.

tsfo eeo O fo enO fundamental sffino eeo nsno nesdfOno for its survival odno O fo ifoieiusOdeso eeo O fo nfsfinOdess. The issue of women, as a vital part of human society, deserves the same level of scrutiny and deep analysis as the human condition itself. Any analysis of women's life dimensions, excluding gender characteristics, equates to an analysis of human life. Therefore, understanding a woman's status and dignity is essentially understanding human dignity. It is also indisputable that knowledge of oneself is a benchmark for other knowledge. Considering that half of the population consists of women, and they play crucial roles in various societal domains, including the family and child-rearing, which form the foundation of society, addressing women's issues as social and human capital is of utmost importance. If women shy away from marriage and childbearing, the population will decline, and the human race will face the risk of extinction. This study examines women, family, childbearing, and strengthening the position of motherhood from the perspective of the Holy Qur'an using the library research method and an analytical-descriptive approach. The findings indicate that attention to women's intrinsic qualities, gender justice, and social security in society can significantly impact childbearing and family dynamics. Conversely, the major obstacle is the adherence to feminist thinking, which can undermine the roles of motherhood and childbearing.

Children’s happiness is influenced by family relationships. Children’s daily interactions with their parents are now seen as a factor in their development. At the same time, the family is considered the most important field for children’s growth. The aim of the current research is to study the strategies of women who are the head of the household and non-head of the household in creating happiness in the family environment.

The present research method was qualitative and thematic analysis. Also, data was collected with 40 semi-structured interviews in Yazd city; 20 of the sample women was non-headed and 20 were female heads of the household. Also, targeted sampling with maximum variety was done. After collecting the data, coding was done with six steps of thematic analysis.The results showed that non-custodial women experienced the three final themes of affectionate parenting, self-satisfaction and holistic femininity.

Meanwhile, the female heads of the household had experienced the two final themes under the title of overall happiness and failure in happiness. As a matter of fact, female guardians try beyond their ability to meet the all-round needs of their children to create happiness in the family. According to the collected data, non-custodial women acted stronger in creating happiness in the family environment despite having a husband. But the female head of the household had to fill in the absence of the wife and sometimes she was unsuccessful in creating happiness.

It is concluded that the happiness of women and family can strengthen the morale in the family environment and subsequently promote the motivation of growth and development because happiness, as one of the dimensions of social development, is considered important to achieve the development of society.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the role of reading and reading culture on the social harms of middle school students in Bojnord city. This research is part of applied research in terms of its purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of implementation method. The statistical population of this research includes all high school students of Bojnord city, including male and female students, which are about 15,875 people, of which 377 people are based on Morgan's table (1972), as the sample size, selected by stratified random sampling and questionnaire. Research papers were distributed among them. Two library and field methods have been used to collect information. The tool of data collection is a questionnaire of social harms in the form of 42 questions with 5 options, and to measure the promotion of the culture of reading and reading, a researcher-made questionnaire containing 20 questions was used to measure the validity of the variables using Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the variables of harms. social and promotion of reading and reading culture were calculated as 0.907 and 0.841 respectively. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by expert professors. For statistical analysis, factor analysis method using SPSS version 19 software and structural model method with LISREL version 8 software were used. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between promoting the culture of reading and reading in the family and reducing the social harms of young people.

The purpose of this study is analyzing the existing factors and barriers to communication opportunities between parents and children in the family. Communication opportunities are times, events and programs which during that members of a family have the chance to communicate face-to-face or through medium including communication tools and the media. Using qualitative method and theoretical sampling, interviews were conducted to analyze the lived experience of 40 high school students in Tehran schools. The results show that the most opportunity for face-to-face communication between parents and children is formed in night gatherings family at dinner times and other coactivity’s (like watching movies and TV shows), and their daily interpersonal communication is "mediated", "shortened" and "unstable." The results also show that although leisure events and programs are good opportunities for the formation of lasting, long-lasting interaction and conversation, but "parent-centered collective leisure" is very minimal among adolescents. Meanwhile,"media-centered individual leisure" and "peer-centered collective leisure" programs account for the largest share of children's leisure time.

This study was conducted to the Factors affecting the reduction of family overnight stays in today's urban life: the case study of the city of Islam Abade Gharb. This research was conducted with a quantitative approach and a descriptive survey method. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of this study includes people aged 20 to 60 years living in the city of Islamabad Gharb with 90,559 people who were identified using the Cochran's formula, 312 people and their simple and cluster randomization method was studied. Formal validity was used for the validity of the research instrument and Cronbach's alpha was used to estimate its reliability. Most of the variables had an alpha level above 0.75. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. The results of multivariate regression show that the beta coefficient for the IT and virtual world variables (Beta = 0.336), is the pivotal child (Beta = 0.240) and increases inflation and decreases purchasing power (Beta = 0.161). The results showed that the decrease in kinship relations among the citizens of Islamabad West is influenced by the three components of information technology and child-centeredness and the increase in inflation and the decrease in purchasing power.

The most basic issue in this article is to understand how the hierarchy of authority in the family and its changes are represented in social melodrama films with family themes that were best sellers in the period from 2008 to 2018. In the current study, based on contemporary approaches in the field of sociology of gender, an attempt has been made to consider power and culture as the key elements in the analysis of films, beyond male and female, to understand power relations in the Iranian family. To analyze this issue in the period mentioned in the research samples, John Fiske’s semiotics model has been used so that while describing the distribution of family authority in these films, we can take a long look at the hierarchy of family authority and its changes. The results indicate that during a decade, we initially see the presence of hegemonic and less hegemonic masculinity and emphatic femininity in these films. In the middle of the decade, the presence of resistant women is more visible, but at the end of this decade, i.e. from 2016 to 2018, hegemonic men and emphatic women are the most important pattern of distribution of authority in the family in these films. What is important in this article is to pay attention to a different aspect compared to the results obtained from previous studies.

The family as the most significant and fundamental social institution exerts direct and profound influences on other societal institutions. It assumes distinct roles and functions and addresses a range of human needs. Central to family life and functioning are the relationships among family members. Communication serves as the foundation through which families define themselves and members acquire the skills to navigate shared meanings (Miller, 2017). Consequently, communication and interactions between family members emerge as crucial characteristics within any family unit. When communication is positive and effective, it ensures the overall well-being of the family and, in turn, contributes to the health of society as a whole. Effective communication skills encompass both verbal and nonverbal elements with effective verbal and conversational skills occupying a significant role in marital communication. Furthermore, communication within the family, like any other form of dialogue, is influenced by cultural and social contexts. Dialogue, in fact, not only stems from an individual's background and social network, but also shapes the formation of future relationships and interactions. As per Michel's definition, a social network comprises unique connections among a specific group of individuals. These connections collectively provide insights into the social behavior exhibited by the individuals involved (Mitchel, 1999). Therefore, recognizing the pivotal role played by tradition, culture, and social backgrounds in fostering interactions and dialogues between couples, this research aimed to comprehend the process of dialogue formation within the context of couples' social relations.

This research aimed to elucidate the process of dialogue formation within the context of social relations. An interpretive paradigm and qualitative methodology were employed. Specifically, a grounded theory approach utilizing Strauss and Corbin's objectivist perspective was adopted as the primary methodological framework. The sample selection followed a purposive and theoretical sampling technique with the goal of achieving data saturation. A total of 31 couples from normal families in Yazd were chosen as participants. In-depth interviews served as the primary method of data collection. With participants' consent, the interviews were recorded and each session lasted between 70 and 180 minutes. The data analysis utilized the theoretical coding method, which facilitated the development of the grounded theory. All recorded interviews were transcribed into text and the analysis process occurred concurrently with data collection. Following Strauss and Corbin’s method, line-by-line analysis was conducted for open-coding, leading to the development of concepts and categories and construction of the grounded theory's foundation. Ultimately, a research paradigm model was formulated. To ensure the validity of the findings, measures, such as prolonged engagement, peer review, negative case analysis, member checking, and detailed description were employed.

This study aimed to elucidate the role of the social network in shaping and influencing dialogue within Yazdi families. The collected data were subjected to open, axial, and selective coding, resulting in the identification of 22 main categories and 63 secondary categories. These categories collectively contributed to the core category of "dialogue emerging from the social network". The research presented a paradigm model and theoretical framework based on these findings.The overall analysis of the results demonstrated that dialogue was a product of the social relationships that the couples had experienced across various domains, spanning from the past to the present. The sociocultural context, particularly within the family, held the greatest influence on the individuals by establishing either a democratic or authoritarian environment. Additionally, friendship groups, educational and occupational systems, and the living environment all played significant roles in shaping interactions and dialogue within the family.When confronted with the impact of this social network, the individuals tended to react in two distinct ways. Some individuals accepted these influences without critical evaluation, implementing them within their family dynamics. However, this approach often led to dissatisfaction within the contemporary family structure due to the changing dynamics of today's society. On the other hand, certain individuals equipped with an awareness of various factors, social changes, and established principles for building relationships engaged in a thoughtful reconsideration of the effects of their past experiences within the family and different social environments. These individuals actively strived to enhance interactions within their current family and effectively managed their familial relationships.

Society's advancements, including the recent emergence of online social networks, have led to shifts in how people engage in leisure activities. This article seeks to provide an image of the ways in which common leisure activities are performed within the family and analyze the impact of virtual social networks on these practices. The research method utilized was a survey, and the statistical population comprised individuals over 15 years of age residing in Tehran. The sample size was determined through Cochran's formula and amounted to 600 participants. The sampling method employed was a multi-stage cluster sampling technique, and participants were randomly selected through the appropriate sampling method. The study's results revealed that the family remains the primary focus for engaging in joint leisure activities. The role of relatives was found to be negligible, while the position of friends was elevated. The duration of time spent on virtual social networks, as well as the amount of usage, was found to diminish the frequency of family trips and recreational activities, whereas maintaining a real identity and actively participating in these networks strengthens joint leisure pursuits among family members. The findings suggested that virtual social networks have a two-fold impact on joint leisure activities. The observed changes indicated a fracture in kinship bonds within society, accompanied by novel developments in interpersonal relationships, where non-selective social connections are transitioning towards selective ties based on shared interests rather than blood relations.

The aim of this research is to investigate and analyze the level of religious commitment among female students, considering the influence of attachment styles, identity styles, and family functioning. The research employed the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population consisted of students from Al-Zahra University, with 387 participants selected using non-random available sampling, including 287 single and 31 married individuals. According to the findings of this research, there is a positive and significant relationship between informational, normative, and commitment identity styles with religious commitment, with correlation coefficients of r = 0.283, r = 0.552, and r = 0.396 respectively (p ≤ 0.05). The dimensions of family functioning also show a positive and significant relationship with religious commitment, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.453. Furthermore, a positive and significant relationship was found between secure attachment style and religious commitment, with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.410. Conversely, avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles exhibit significant negative relationships with religious commitment, with correlation coefficients of r = -0.283, r = -0.254, and r = -0.252 respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that identity styles and attachment styles have an impact on the level of religious commitment among female students, with family functioning mediating this relationship.

With ongoing modernization and the beginning of development in Iran, the family has always undergone changes and transformations and is affected by different ideas. For this reason, the concept of patriarchy expressed in cultural signs, due to different valuations and its inseparable connection with society and power relations,, which is the result of an extensive research about family discourse in young adults' fictions, by examining the works in the 5 decades period of fictions writing for teenagers, we tried to find the dominant discourse in each period and the changes in the representation of patriarchy in these works. Studies show that in different time periods, the discursive representation of patriarchy, affected by the social changes of the family structure, has been as follows: 1. The first period, the 50s (metaphorical and ideological period of the family: the father in the sense of absolute power); 2. The second period at 60s and 70s: patriarchy (acceptance of power and emotionalization); 3. The third period at 80s: representation of patriarchy and resistance against it 4. The fourth period at 90s: father's absence and children's empowerment. The results show that, in the considered period, major changes can be witnessed in the representation of the patriarchal discourse, which is completely different from the discourse of the previous period, and it shows that the power and resistance between father and child, from the flow of the absolute power of the father, has progressed towards the removal of the father and the empowerment of the children.

With the purpose of identifying the concept of male authority in the family,and constructing and validating a questionnaire to measure male authority in the family,this study has been designed and conducted relying on reliable Islamic sources.Using descriptive-analytical method and accidental sampling method,this study was performed with a statistical sample size of200people.According to research findings,the powerful man has these characteristics:his authority is not owed to anyone;He has the capacity to provide for the material(survival) and spiritual needs of his family;and He considers taking care of them as a duty,and manages his life in moderation.In addition,in the eyes of them,he has strength, dignity,and greatness, without committing any injustice towards them.Family affairs are under his control,and He is flexible in living expenses;That is, Depending on the circumstances, sometimes he leads the affairs of life generously and sometimes economically.In this study,a male authority questionnaire was developed,including8components and46items.Using Cronbach's alpha method as well as the Split-half method, the validity of the questionnaire was assessed.Cronbach's alpha of the total questionnaire was equal to/88.Furthermore, the validity of the questionnaire was also obtained through Spearman-Brown split-half coefficient(0.780)and Guttman’s split-half coefficient(0.778).The reliability obtained from the opinions of8experts on46items is above75%, which according to Lavache's formula, indicates the

One of the challenges that educated women face after marriage and motherhood is how to gain social activism and their family roles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the phenomenon of social inactivity of educated religious mothers and its various dimensions. This qualitative research was carried out within the framework of the basic qualitative research project and its community was female graduates of Sharif University who participated in the Sharif University Student Course during the years 2011 to 2013 and at the time of collection and analysis of research data ie 1397- 1400 had children. The sample was formed by 10 of these mothers selected by the target sampling method. The data collection tool was a semi -structural deep interview. Data analysis was performed using the content analysis method. The study's findings achieved a set of relevant consequences and factors in line with the discovery and deep understanding of the various aspects of the problem of mothers' social unrest. This study showed that we can understand the issue of mothers 'social unknowingness within the framework of social activity conflicts and mothers' family roles. Accordingly, modifying the masculine structures of employment and education and developing new and innovative activism platforms for mothers can be one of the important policy implications of this study.

In rec​ent years, there has been a notable increase in the number of divorces, with a considerable proportion of these occurring within the term of a few years of marriage. Diverse socioeconomic, demographic, and psychological elements can impact the duration between an individual's marriage and divorce.This study aims to examine the potential impact of reproduction, a demographic variable, on the length of matrimonial unions. Given the normative and institutional emphasis on the family-oriented model of child-rearing in Iran, it is anticipated that the presence of children will have a significant impact on the longevity of matrimonial unions.To study this issue, a statistical analysis was conducted on 2139 women who were referred for divorce to official offices in centers of provinces of Iran (excluding Tehran) between the years of marriage and the number of children. The analysis was based on secondary data from the marriage and divorce survey (2017-2018) and utilized statistical methods including multivariate linear regression and comparison of means.The statistical analysis in this article incorporated control variables such as marriage and divorce, which pertained to individual characteristics. The findings from the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that there is a positive correlation between the number of offspring and the duration of marriage. 54% of the variance in the dependent variable can be accounted for by this unique variable.The offspring, regarded as unique assets of the marriage, appear to contribute positively to its longevity. Subsequent research endeavors may enhance our understanding of the significance of children as a cornerstone of the family unit in strengthening matrimony through an investigation into the prevalence of divorce among children in Iran.

Intervening factors can lead to a decrease or increase in the vulnerability of women after divorce. This study aims to know the intervening factors in the vulnerability of women after divorce. Using a qualitative method, based on a content analysis approach, conventional content analysis, and heterogeneous purposive sampling, were conducted through semi-structured interviews with 35 divorced women. Triangulation was done by three different methods observation, interview, and study of divorce literature. According to the findings, 2 main themes, 5 categories and 25 subcategories were identified. The results showed that, in general, individual and extra-individual intervening factors have an effect on the vulnerability of women after divorce. While it may not be possible to address all contributing factors, one significant aspect that can be addressed through psychological intervention is the role of the woman's family. By raising awareness about the stressful impact of divorce and promoting a culture where parents seek counseling to better support their daughter post-divorce, the severity of women's vulnerability can be reduced.