دیپلماسی فرهنگی

Today, public diplomacy, in relation to the importance of culture and religion in the world arena, has created new close ties with policymakers and politicians. This article tries to analyze the possibility of interaction between mosque and public diplomacy by examining the conceptual and operational framework of this field which includes public diplomacy, cultural diplomacy and religious diplomacy. In this way, which has been done by the method of textual analysis, the alignment and the possibility of interaction between these two areas in the form of mosque diplomacy in the keywords of "the people of the destination country" as the audience of public diplomacy, "informing, influencing and persuading" as the goals and results of public diplomacy were confirmed in the political literature of modern public diplomacy. Mosque diplomacy is: using the mosque as a tool in public diplomacy. The instrumental use of the mosque in this area can take the form of: building or financing mosques and Islamic centers in other countries (especially non-Islamic). In Islamic countries or in countries that are predominantly Muslim, mosques are a form of nation-building. Mosques act as a means of visually demonstrating the nation's attitude towards Islam. These magnificent buildings are located in the capitals of the Islamic world and compete with each other in beauty and grandeur. Throughout history, mosques have not only been places of worship, but their purpose has also been to promote the political doctrines and political will of progressive elites. The connection between the mosque and the place of caliphate and government in the early centuries of Islam indicates the convergence and subordination of religion and politics in the body of mosque diplomacy. Also, the multi-purpose capacities of mosques, which are aligned with the belief, moral and commandments of Islam in the three groups of vision, orientation and action, are presented as an attractive idea for attention in mosque diplomacy. In the end, while examining the policies and activities of some Muslim countries in the field of mosque diplomacy, a set of ideas and suggestions on three fundamental, political and practical levels for the Islamic Republic of Iran is presented.Theoretical level (fundamental): At this level, attention should be paid to the relationship between the fundamental concepts of religion and foreign policy, religion and public diplomacy, and the propagation of religion and public diplomacy in the form of theoretical theories and approaches. The doctrine of the Islamic Republic at this level should be formulated by referring to the opinions of the leaders of the revolution. A comparative study of Islamic-Iranian approaches with mainly Western approaches at this level can explain and analyze the foundations, concepts, and theoretical approaches well.Political level (intermediate): The formulation of a document/policy for the internationalization of mosques in the real space as well as the virtual space can be placed at this level. Basically, the international reading and assessment of the mosque’s capacity in the field of public diplomacy in the policy-making space should be considered in line with domestic and foreign policy. This document should, while utilizing the theoretical level (doctrine) in the strategies for selecting mosques and giving them an international attachment among the functions of the mosque in the first place, should consider their internationalization arrangement in the second place at the political level. Taking charge of this field in the form of an independent institution (given its importance and impact and successful foreign examples) or affiliated with relevant departments in the government sector such as the Ministry of Culture and Islamic Affairs, is also a political and strategic matter that must be thought about. Likewise, the institutional mapping of this field must be carried out at this level. In this sense, various related institutions must know and find their role and place in the map of mosque diplomacy of the country.Practical level (objective): Creating movements and campaigns in the field of training religious diplomats with a focus on the mosque for foreigners (with due regard to goal setting) on ​​the one hand and producing content with international order and system are among the issues that can be considered in the form of training, information and impact (in line with the goals of public diplomacy) in a skill-training manner at this level.

The use of culture and cultural tools in diplomacy, compared to other common tools and levers in international relations, has advantages that have led countries to use this potential to enhance and improve international relations. Therefore, cultural diplomacy aims to identify, define, and promote common values and interests between nations by using cultural and artistic tools. Studies show that intervenes are involved in various forms of cultural diplomacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran, which can bring about changes in the course of cultural diplomacy. Identifying and ranking the intervenes in Iran's cultural diplomacy can help to better understand different approaches and perspectives in cultural diplomacy. This identification can also be effective in increasing the country's soft power and promoting cultural influence in the world. In this article, by examining the intervening factors in the field of cultural diplomacy implementation of the Islamic Republic of Iran through a phenomenological research and semi-structured interviews with 24 diplomats, opinion leaders, senior managers in the field of cultural diplomacy, Religious missionaries (religious advocates) and cultural figures involved in international affairs, these factors have been identified and categorized into 8 moderating factors, 13 weaknesses and deficiencies, 4 threats, and 3 environmental opportunities.

This study discussed the designing and presenting a model for development of political culture in Islamic Communication & culture organization. the statistical sample in the qualitative section included all university experts and experts in the field of cultural management and political fields, which was equal to 20 people. The research instrument consisted of researcher-made coding sheets whose validity was confirmed by Delphi group members and its reliability was calculated by P-Scott criterion of 0.95. Findings showed that the factors related to the development model of development of political culture in Islamic Communication & culture organization were identified in the form of 12 categories. And pivotal: Clture of development of political culture, enhancing factors, shaping factors, impedimenta of shaping factors and consequences. In the second study, the sample size was estimated as 387 people based on Cochran formula and after data collection, the statistical analysis of survey data was performed in two descriptive levels using statistical parameters (such as frequency, percentage, elongation , mean) and inferential statistics (Levin test, t-test), confirmatory factor analysis using Spss 22 , Lisrel8.54 and Excel. Significant coefficients and parameters of factors, pivotal: development of political culture, enhancing factors, bedder factors, impedimenta of shaping factors and consequences.showed that all of the coefficients obtained are significant

The book "Power and Political Culture in International Relations" edited by "J. P. Singh" was published in 1396 by "Elami and Farhangi" publications in 1000 copies and 352 pages. The first part of this article with the title "Introduction and description of the work and formal evaluation of the book "Power and Political Culture in International Relations" describes the technical features of the book, examines the literary editing of the book, and then points about observing the scientific principles of referencing within the text and its bibliography. The second part titled "Analysis and evaluation of the content of the book" has examined the following: educational dimensions, problem-solving and responsiveness to the scientific and practical needs of the country, evaluation of the logical order and internal coherence of different sections, the degree of strength of the analyzes and explanations provided. Accuracy in the use of specialized terms and equivalence for specialized and foreign words and terms, the degree of observance of scientific principles and ethics (use of scientific language, mention of the utilized sources, non-scientific bias, harmony of the work with Islamic and Iranian values. At the end, a conclusion titled "Final evaluation of the work" is written and the final summary of the book is presented. The method of studying the article was documents using library resources, both physical and electronic.

In recent years, where Syria is one of the most important countries targeted by Iran's foreign policy, the importance of cultural diplomacy has become increasingly apparent. The present study emphasizes the need to recognize the active cultural trends in Syria as an influential factor in the cultural changes and developments of the target community, thus providing a close examination of the challenges and opportunities of diplomacy through the relative recognition gained from the culture of the Syrian society. The country has a cultural background. The main question that this research seeks to answer is: What are the opportunities and challenges of cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran with emphasis on active cultural trends in the country? The research method is qualitative. The data collected through interviews with the experts, specialists and activists in this field were analyzed by thematic analysis in three stages of descriptive, interpretive and integration coding. From 293 primary themes, 30 organizing themes and finally 6 universal themes were extracted. The overarching themes are: the cultural activity of Syrian currents, the active cultural trends in Syria, cultural approaches, the IRI's political needs in the Syrian cultural sphere, the IRI's political challenges in the Syrian cultural sphere, the cultural status of Syrian society. Finally, after categorizing the different challenges and opportunities of Iranian cultural diplomacy in Syria as regards the cultural flows of the country, a communication model is provided for each of them that determines how cultural planning is to have an effective cultural diplomacy.

Cultural diplomacy is a form of public diplomacy and soft power. Each country employs various methods and formats to establish cultural diplomacy. One approach to cultural diplomacy is selecting and activating cultural attaches and counsellors in the host country. A cultural attache is a diplomat responsible for promoting and disseminating their country's culture in the host country, in line with the national interests of their own country. The selection of cultural attaches may be based on various patterns and criteria. The main focus of this current research is the selection pattern of cultural attaches of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on the concerns and expectations of international cultural governance officials in the Islamic Republic of Iran, with an emphasis on cultural diplomacy in England. Therefore, the aim of this research is to find a comprehensive and common criterion for the competency of cultural attache of the Islamic Republic of Iran abroad, which serves Islamic and national interests for our country. This research was conducted using qualitative methods and in-depth interviews with cultural officials in the international arena. The statements of heads of authorities, cultural officials, and the directives of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader regarding foreign relations and international affairs are the sources of this article. The research findings are categorized into 214 components in 23 dimensions and 6 general domains (cognitive, planning/strategic,  communicative/interactive,  stylistic/methodological, managerial/executive, and advisory/guidance). The most important result of this research is the design of a competency model for cultural attache based on the expectations of the cultural governance system in 6 domains.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran took place in claim ofanind ependentanti-arrogant discourse with Islamic roots in the worldarena.Howevera ftermoret hanforty yearsof thisr evolution themain conceptand discourse of the system remained unknown to many parts of the world .The importance of information and communication in the presenta geont heone hand,and thead vent of the Internet and the in creasein the speed and amount of international communication, on the other hand, has given global power to countries and governments that have more access to global information and data. The field of education has also undergone changes with this trend and the emergence of virtual education has opened a new chapter for learners, professors, administrators and decision makers in the field of education. Therefore, the expansion of virtual education has become one of the ways to increase soft power and develop cultural diplomacy of countries. The present study, with a qualitative research approach, seeks to answer the question: what is the role of virtual education in the development of cultural diplomacy in the Islamic Republic of Iran? In the following, Al-Mustafa Virtual University (PBUH) has been studied as a subject for this purpose and its activities have been described. Finally, using the interview method with experts, the required data were collected and analyzed by thematic analysis method, 5 comprehensive themes entitled "Construction or destructiveness of e-learning in the dimension of intercultural relations", "Challenges of using e-learning in the international dimension" "Advantages and opportunities of using e-learning in the international dimension", "Requirements of e-learning activity in the international dimension" and " The role of Al-Mustafa Virtual University" and details of each in accordance with the role of virtual education in the development of cultural diplomacy Emphasis was placed on Al-Mustafa Virtual University.

Considering the statements of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader of I.R.Iran, as well as the upper documents of the Islamic system, it can be concluded that as the Iranian people played a pivotal role in various areas of this revolution, they should play a key role in the international fields to fulfill the "Cultural Diplomacy Participation" according to this research. However, this issue has not been realized given the current situation. This research by the observation method, the semi-structured interview and documentation, seeks to formulate a policy model of popular cultural diplomacy. and the Thematic Analysis method was used to analyze the collected data. The results showed that the participation of cultural diplomacy in Iran has not been achieved. Also, in response to the main question of the research, a special policy formulation for participating cultural diplomacy in Iran was obtained, which includes six dimensions: Popular actors, advantages, environmental areas, dimensions, executive structure and policy structure.

The Central Asian region is one of the regions with strategic, geo-economic and geo-cultural importance. Most of the countries in this region were part of Iran until the Qajar period. With the occupation of these areas by Tsarist Russia, these countries became part of the territory of Tsarist Russia and then the Soviet Union. The Islamic Republic of Iran has important historical, cultural and identity commonalities with the countries of this region. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the formation of these republics, the parties sought to establish bilateral and multilateral relations for various reasons. The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and these republics have been affected by various factors and components since the beginning of independence until the present time. In line with its goals and national interests, the Islamic Republic of Iran has planned its foreign policy cultural strategies in the region in order to achieve its foreign policy goals. The findings of the research, by examining the multiple cultural drivers affecting the relations of the parties and using an "interdisciplinary" approach and based on descriptive-qualitative method, indicate the importance of the cultural diplomacy strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the group of Central Asian countries (Turkmenistan and Tajikistan) at the beginning The independence of these republics had highlighted the dominance and cultural influence in the minds of the rulers of this country, but with the passage of time, the friendliness of Iran's "civilization-oriented" cultural diplomacy became apparent to the people and statesmen of these republics and is slowly developing.

Holding film festivals that are held every year with a specific title and theme around the world provide special opportunities for participants from host and guest countries. In this global event, opportunities are provided for those involved in film production and a part of professional and amateur audiences to watch, analyze and award awards. In this article, these opportunities are presented as opportunities and threats and strengths and weaknesses. Face to face, the cinema of the Islamic Republic of Iran has been studied in international film festivals, which are part of cultural diplomacy, and has analyzed each of them in terms of the situation they create. Therefore, in order to receive opportunities and threats and strengths and weaknesses created in these festivals by Delphi method and interviews with experts in this field, a questionnaire was prepared and after two stages of answering and collecting and calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient above 7 out of 123 people and analyzing it. Using the SWOT method, it was possible to identify the mentioned cases, which showed that festivals face 8 opportunities and 8 threats, and also Iranian cinema has 16 strengths and 15 weaknesses. Continue to study more and identify these points and their impact on use and interest. Taking advantage of these situations, several operational proposals were made. These proposals have been analyzed in light of the cultural diplomacy of Iranian cinema and the background of Islamic culture and what is being done today.

The optimal use of cinema, as a media influencing social and especially cultural domains, requires the establishment of goals, strategies and plans. This study aims to develop strategies for Iranian cinema to present Iranian culture to the international community. The qualitative research was carried out with a survey-type methodology with snowball and targeted sampling.After going over documents and records, in-depth interviews with professors, critics, directors, and international film distribution managers and experts were conducted. The environment and internal and external factors of cinema in the international arena were also examined, through the use of a semi-open questionnaire.Questionnaire validity was confirmed by a formal method and its reliability by Cronbach’s alpha. A SWOT matrix was employed to measure strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threat, and to analyze data and formulate strategies in the four mentioned areas.The results of the research illustrate that the strategic position of Iranian cinema in the international arena is competitive, but since the point is close to the conservative sector, the strategies of this sector are also considered.Among strategies, the paper suggests films be made to support and display characteristics of Iranian culture emphasizing the components of love, humanity, peace and Ethics, not just nationally, but for a broad and diverse foreign audience while their quality is being monitored, Investing and supporting high quality documentary films with the subject of Iran and the people of Iran, employing people who are professional in international broadcasting film for playing film in foreign.

AbstractIn this research paper, the author examines the "position of Tehran metropolis in optimizing cultural communication diplomacy" by adopting an interdisciplinary and theoretical framework that encompasses theoretical approaches to areas: Strategic Public Diplomacy; Public Diplomacy: Cultural Diplomacy; Soft Power theory, strategic communication, networked city-future information, paradigm and urban diplomacy. This exploratory study is applied in terms of purpose, analytical in the form of correlation analysis and in terms of data collection, it is a survey and cross-sectional. The study also uses descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution tables and graphs, concordant tables, and statistical inferential methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk test, significant differences in means such as one-way ANOVA, ANOVA tests. Kruskal-Wallis, Tukey's Equality Test, Mann-Whitney U test. The final result of the research shows that all the capacities of Tehran metropolis have not been properly utilized in order to optimize cultural communication diplomacy of the country and only a few measures and processes are active in this regard. It has also been concluded that there is no systematic approach to Tehran's role in cultural communication diplomacy.

The Islamic Revolution has created a socio-cultural transformation in Iranian society that emphasizes cultural tools and dialogue in communication and interaction with other governments and nations. Based on the teachings of Islam, Ayatollah Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, attaches a special role and position to cultural elements in the social and political spheres. By emphasizing the innate and divine values ​​that are common to all human beings, he has sought to awaken and educate the people and create unity among Muslims based on universal cultural values. Also Iran and, of course, its foreign policy have always considered certain cultural, identity and ideological principles due to their combination of two rich identities and cultural backgrounds, "Iranian source" and "Islamic source". This article, after examining the capacity created through civilized and religious sources and other cultural components for the foreign policy and diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, deals with the type of view and position of cultural diplomacy in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought. The main concern of this article is to answer the question: "What are the criteria for strengthening cultural diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran according to the instructions Ayatollah Khamenei?" To answer this question, this article; It tests the following hypothesis: "The components of power-creating civilization in the context of cultural diplomacy are the basis for improving the performance and realization of the goals of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the age of globalization."

Defining the concept of cultural diplomacy and determining its position in the field of international relations is one of the issues that is very important and based on it, the role and impact of this form of diplomacy in securing national interests can be measured. Bangladesh is one of the countries that has many cultural affinities with the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the use of these capacities in the form of public diplomacy will increase Iran's soft power and sphere of influence in the subcontinent. Considering the goals, function and indicators of Iranian cultural diplomacy, cultural diplomacy in Bangladesh is organized based on the following axes: common historical and civilizational capacity, religious capacity, Persian language, cultural similarities and similarities, official capacities, common cultural discourse. Considering the capacities and evaluating what has been done, it seems that due to some executive, structural and content problems, there is a significant gap between the current situation and the desired situation.

Although the Middle East has always been one of the main focuses in the evolving international system, its role and importance in theories of international relations, especially the so-called mainstream theories, have been neglected. The Islamic Republic is one of the leading countries in cultural diplomacy in this region. Understanding the cultural diplomacy of Iran's foreign policy in the context of mainstream theories is not possible. Therefore, the use of new theories in a combined way can provide the basis for a deep understanding of the foreign cultural policy of the Islamic Republic in the Middle East. Now, based on the main concern of this article, by criticizing this deliberate expulsion of the region and its actors from the theory of international relations, the question arises that "Provided the culture of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East?" The findings of this theoretical-strategic article show that according to the social, cultural and identity approach of constructivist theories and discourse analysis, as well as special features of the foreign cultural policy of the Islamic Republic focusing on the social construction of reality, it is possible to build an integrated framework. The research method in this article is qualitative with a descriptive-historical approach and the research data has been collected in a library manner by taking notes.

During the 21st century, cinema as an influential media and consequently international festivals have been able to showcase their unique ability in the field of cultural diplomacy in Iran and in the world. Cultural diplomacy involves academic, professional, cultural exchange programs, including cinematic exchanges, and a country can use it to export national interests and promote its position in the world. The purpose of this study was to explain the factors affecting cultural diplomacy in Iranian cinema. This research was a descriptive survey and correlational in terms of research method and applied research. Statistical population of this study is composed of experts in the field of cinema and cultural diplomacy of the country. 250 people were selected through random sampling. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Content validity ratio and content validity index and measurement model results were used to assess the validity of the measurement instruments. Composite reliability was used to assess the reliability of the questionnaires. Structural equation modeling using Smart PLS3 software was used for data analysis. The results of this study showed that national identity, political dimension, cultural dimension and technical dimension can predict cultural diplomacy in Iranian cinema. According to the obtained value for the overall model fit of the model is 0.68, the fit of the overall model is confirmed.

In this paper, the concept of media and its content as a mass media as well as media as a diplomatic tool to convey the content and meaning of the objective to international audience have been evaluated. The importance of using cinema in introducing culture, telling the truth and its status in this path has been reviewed and then reasons behind using cinemas a tool of media diplomacy and cultural diplomacy have been discussed and each of these new concepts has been separately elaborated.
In this study, by using library research process based on secondary data, efforts have been made to use scientific concepts and upstream documents of cinema industry of the country, a process base framework to be presented. This framework has been designed in four stages and the final result show that cinema if used objectively and systematically can play a unique role in formulating international relations and bringing inline the international audience to become aware of our Iranian culture and identity of the country and at the same time to confront the distorted image given about Iran by leaders of some countries.

In this paper, while explaining the concept of cultural diplomacy, its current status in Iran with the pathology approach and at the theoretical, legislative, structural, policy, management, program and functional levels have been studied. The method used in this research is a combination method using various tools such as written sources, official and valid sites, deep interviews and a questionnaire to examine the process of discourses of cultural diplomacy of Iran, the current status of cultural diplomacy of Iran And its pathology. The community under study is experts, diplomats and cultural advisers employed by the Islamic Culture and Relations Organization and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods and analyzed using SPSS 20 and LISREL 8.5 software. Using SWOT analysis model, the current status of cultural diplomacy in Iran has been investigated. The result of the analysis of the internal and external environment of cultural diplomacy shows that Iran is in the position of a conservative strategy, and it is necessary to strengthen the religious, cultural and historical coexistence, to expand cultural and economic cooperation, to train expert personnel, to review rules, strengthen coordination between different cultural organizations, and support and promote the Persian language teaching institutes & Iranian studies departments abroad.